冀州市近50年采暖期气候特征分析

根据国家规范中关于采暖气候条件的规定,利用冀州市气象局1958—2009年的气象资料,分析了冀州市近50年冬季的气温变化趋势,探讨了该地区冬季采暖期初日、终日及采暖天数的统计规律。结果表明:20世纪80年代中期以来,冀州市冬季气温变暖已成为事实,采暖初日、终日及采暖天数年际变化较大;采暖初日后移,采暖终日前移,采暖天数减少。对确定冬季采暖初日、终日,实施科学供暖有一定的参考价值。     

冬季供暖与气候的特征分析及其关系

应用1954—2005年冬季气温资料,揭示了济宁冬季气温发生突变的事实,探讨了济宁冬季采暖初日、终日及采暖天数的发生规律,以确定冬季采暖开始和结束的日期。并通过实验数据,探讨气象条件与冬季供暖节能的关系,给出了在不同环境温度而室内保持一定温度条件下锅炉采暖时间以及时次的最佳日质调控指标。对供暖调节和节约能源具有良好的参考价值。     

宁夏冬季采暖期对气候变暖的响应

利用1961~2014年(10月至次年4月)宁夏20个气象站气候资料,分析宁夏冬季采暖期的时空变化特征,以及采暖期内气候资源的变化特征及其对采暖强度的影响。结果表明:(1)宁夏由南到北采暖初日推迟,终日提前,采暖强度减弱;(2)与实际供暖初、终日期相比,北部引黄灌区采暖初日偏晚,终日偏早,采暖长度短于供暖长度;中部干旱带两者基本接近;南部山区采暖初日偏早,终日偏晚,采暖长度长于供暖长度;(3)随着气候变暖,近53 a宁夏采暖初日推后,终日提前,终日提前趋势较初日推后趋势更明显,采暖期长度缩短,北部引黄灌区缩短最多;整体上,采暖强度显著减弱,但2002年以后中北部地区气温降低,导致日平均采暖强度及采暖强度有增加趋势;(4)夜间升温对采暖强度减小的贡献大于白天升温的贡献;(5)近53 a日照时数和降水量变化对中南部地区采暖强度的影响大于北部引黄灌区;(6)气候变暖对减少冬季采暖能耗的贡献为12.8%~16.5%,但中北部地区2002年以后对减少采暖能耗的贡献有所降低。     

太原冬季采暖期气温变化特征与节能效应分析

采用太原市1951～2003年冬季采暖期逐日气温资料,应用气候方法分析了采暖期平均气温以及与能耗相关的采暖初日、终日、采暖度日等要素的变化特征.结果表明:采暖期气温存在明显升高趋势.而且在20世纪80年代末发生跃变;采暖初日在逐年推后,采暖终日的年代际变化振荡较大,90年代以来有明显提前趋势,采暖期在逐年缩短;采暖度日存在明显减少趋势.结合供暖指标,分别从平均气温升高、采暖期缩短及采暖度日减少等方面进行节能效应分析,指出有必要改变传统的采暖模式.城市采暖具有很大的节能潜力.     

内蒙古地区采暖期变化特征及预测方法

利用内蒙古地区58个站点1961—2008年逐日平均气温资料,用数理统计等分析方法,参照采暖供热等相关规范,综合分析了内蒙古地区采暖期各要素变化特征,初步提出了采暖初日、终日和采暖期能源需求预测模型,并经过检验与实况基本相符。结果表明:①近48年内蒙古地区采暖初日推后、终日提前、采暖期缩短,说明随着气候变暖,内蒙古地区冬季变暖,寒冷期缩短。②内蒙古地区采暖期要素的变化与纬度的高低密切相关。纬度越高,采暖期缩短越多,使表征采暖能耗多少的采暖度日值减少越明显,采暖期能源消耗越少,节能减排潜力越大。③随着气候变暖,内蒙古地区冬季寒冷程度和寒冷期变短,采暖能源需求量减少,采暖能耗降低,其集中供热强度和耗热量降低,从而可减少CO_2、CH_4、SO_2等温室气体的排放强度。④采暖起止日、采暖长度以及采暖期能源需求与气温变化密切相关。由此构建的采暖初日、终日和能源需求预测模型,可信度较高,可根据月动力延伸预报产品,提早做出不同地区采暖起止日期和采暖期能源需求趋势预测,减少能源的浪费,为供热部门科学决策提供参考。     

气候变暖对刚察县采暖气象条件的影响及节能潜力分析

利用青海省刚察县1961-2008年逐日气温资料,运用数理统计等方法,分析了该地区采暖期气象条件变化及节能潜力。结果表明,近47年来,刚察县采暖期平均气温上升,负积温减少,采暖初日推迟、终日提前,采暖长度明显缩短;采暖度日与采暖期平均气温关系密切,采暖度日呈极显著下降趋势,特别是1994年气温突变后,下降趋势更加明显,冬季寒冷程度有所减弱,能耗需求量减小;该县采暖能源需求异常偏多主要分布在20世纪60年代,偏多年份以70-80年代为主,偏少年份出现在20世纪80年代中期以后,主要集中在2000年以后;气候变暖使采暖节能率为7%,这对节约能源、减少大气污染和温室气体排放较为有利。     

气候变暖对刚察县采暖气象指标的影响及节能潜力分析

利用青海省刚察县1961—2008年逐日气温资料,运用数理统计等方法,分析了该地区采暖期气象条件变化及节能潜力。结果表明,1961—2008年间,刚察县采暖期平均气温上升,负积温减少,采暖初日推迟、终日提前,采暖长度明显缩短;采暖度日与采暖期平均气温关系密切,采暖度日呈极显著下降趋势,特别是1994年气温突变后,下降趋势更加明显,冬季寒冷程度有所减弱,能耗需求量减小;该县采暖能源需求异常偏多主要分布在20世纪60年代,偏多年份以70—80年代为主,偏少年份出现在80年代中期以后,主要集中在2000年以后。气候变暖所致采暖节能率为7%,这对节约能源、减少大气污染和温室气体排放较为有利。     

气候变化背景下对巴彦浩特市实施弹性供暖的分析与建议

文章利用巴彦浩特1954—2013年逐日平均气温资料,采用数理统计等方法,参照采暖供热相关规范,对巴彦浩特地区采暖期间平均温度、初终日、采暖天数、采暖期度日值的年际、年代际变化规律进行分析。结果表明：1954—2013年巴彦浩特地区采暖期变化趋势为初日推后,终日提前;采暖期天数、采暖期度日值呈显著减小趋势;气候变暖背景下,巴彦浩特实施弹性供暖以采暖期天数变化估计可比目前实际供暖方式节约采暖能耗7%～20%。建议巴彦浩特地区可采取弹性供暖的方式,合理规划,以达到节能减排目的。     

气候变暖与西安市冬季供暖的能源消耗分析

摘 要：综合分析了西安市负积温、供暖初日、供暖终日、供暖期天数以及西安集中供暖面积和供暖热消耗量的多年变化。结果表明：在全球变暖的背景下,西安市亦存在冬季越来越暖,采暖期越来越短的趋势;随着经济的发展,集中供暖总面积和总供暖热消耗量不断增加,而单位供暖面积的热消耗量的总趋势随年代有所减少,但逐年耗热量与冬季气温的相关性并不好,说明实际供暖部门并没有根据气候变化调整能源投入。因此,建议冬季供暖的初、终日期及供暖强度应随着天气冷暖变化而随时调整,实现合理节能。     

四子王旗冬季采暖期和采暖强度的变化分析

利用四子王旗1971—2015年(10月至次年4月)日平均气温资料,通过线性趋势分析方法、度日法和MannKendall方法,分析近45a四子王旗采暖强度、采暖期长度、采暖初日和采暖终日变化特征,根据《民用建筑采暖通风与空气调节设计规范》(GB50019—2003)的规定确定了理论采暖的初日和终日。分析结果表明:近45a来,四子王旗冬季采暖初日在推迟,终日无明显变化;采暖强度呈显著减少趋势,变化速率为-77.04%;采暖期长度呈现下降趋势,但是下降趋势不显著。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.