某矿区钻孔特大型"倒裂隙"的治理

某矿区ZK552钻孔中的“倒裂隙”造成漏失。“倒裂隙”的显著特点是与坡积含水层不相通，漏失层位置与实际静水位不一致，裂隙的倾向与地形坡向基本一致，是导水裂隙且通向地表，有较好的排泄点(泉)。治理这种裂隙的方法是准确计算漏失位置，采用水：灰为0．4的水泥浆灌注，同时用替浆水尽可能把水泥浆压入“倒裂隙”中，维持一段时间泵压，防止裂隙水把水泥浆压回钻孔。灌注后的凝固时间需40h以上，有效阻塞过水通道，钻孔的严重漏失可得到彻底封堵。     

随钻跟管桩钻孔卸荷与后注浆效应的试验研究

为了克服管桩施工的挤土效应,研发了钻进成孔、同步沉桩和后注浆的嵌岩非挤土大直径随钻跟管桩。通过足尺寸原位试验,测试了钻孔沉桩和桩侧注浆施工引起的桩周土体变形及压力变化情况,分析了钻孔卸荷和后注浆效应沿水平方向和深度方向的变化规律,揭示了随钻跟管桩施工对桩周土体的扰动。此外,基于圆孔收缩理论提出了随钻跟管桩钻孔卸荷变形预估方法。研究表明,随钻跟管桩的施工扰动主要表现为钻孔卸荷效应和桩侧后注浆效应,钻孔卸荷使孔壁收缩3.5～18.9mm,后续的桩侧注浆使收缩变形恢复了28%～50%,部分消除了钻孔卸荷效应的影响。修正后的圆孔收缩理论,可预估钻孔卸荷引起的桩周土体径向位移及压力变化。与锤击/静压管桩及中掘法管桩的挤土效应相比,随钻跟管桩的钻孔卸荷效应小,在城市建筑和管线密集区域应用更具优势。     

充填钻孔的关键要素与施工技术

充填采矿法是现代矿山广为采用的高效无废采矿法,充填钻孔是充填系统的＂咽喉＂。充填钻孔的使用寿命因素除了输送介质的物理特性、系统的力学特性、管道材料特性外,钻孔偏斜等施工质量成为决定性因素。充填倍线指标是充填钻孔设计的主要依据。充填钻孔施工方法与工序质量控制是保证充填孔质量的关键。在分析了影响充填钻孔使用寿命因素和充填钻孔施工难点的基础上,总结和介绍了充填钻孔的施工方法和质量控制措施。     

福建煤田复杂钻孔漏失治理的实践与探讨

针对福建煤田地层及其钻探特性,简要分析钻孔漏失的危害,在回顾、总结福建煤田钻孔漏失治理情况的基础上,探讨进一步解决复杂钻孔漏失治理难题的思路与对策。     

扩张式随钻扩孔器扩孔机构流场分析与优化

随钻扩孔是大洋钻探跟管钻进工艺的关键技术环节,扩张式随钻扩孔器通过压差控制刀翼的张开和闭拢,扩孔率大,可有效实现套管跟管钻进。设计了悬臂式扩孔器,采用偏置式喷射孔布置对刀翼进行冲刷,运用计算流体力学理论,采用标准k-湍流模型,对喷射孔在不同角度和直径下的流场进行模拟分析。模拟结果表明：作用于扩孔刀翼切削齿的流体速度和动压力受喷射孔角度、直径和环空钻井液综合影响;随着喷射孔角度α从40°递增至90°,作用于切削齿的流体速度呈类余弦曲线变化;随着喷射孔直径d从4 mm增大到10 mm,作用于切削齿的流体速度和动压力呈抛物线型变化;综合考虑冲刷效果、加工性能和喷射流体与环空钻井液的相互作用,优选α=70°、d=8 mm。陆地试验和浅海试验证明,扩张式随钻扩孔器结构功能可行,扩孔尺寸满足套管正常跟管钻进需求,优选的喷射孔角度和直径可对刀翼形成良好冲刷,有效防止泥包产生。研究成果可为大洋钻探不同规格的随钻扩孔器设计提供参考依据。     

基于“双行裂隙”模型的两淮矿区高承压厚松散层突水机理

两淮矿区高承压厚松散含水层覆盖下煤炭储量巨大,在提高上限开采过程中常发生松散层突水事故,采用传统“上三带”理论难以合理解释此类事故发生的机理。本文在分析两淮矿区高承压松散层水文工程地质条件的基础上,建立近高承压松散层开采“双行裂隙”模型,采用室内实验、数值模拟、理论分析和工程应用检验等方法,研究“双行裂隙”发育规律,揭示两淮矿区高承压厚松散层突水致灾机理,结果显示:祁东煤矿松散层第四含水层（简称四含）水压与裂采比呈线性关系;在水压作用下,覆岩“上行裂隙”发育高度增大;利用裂隙受力分析推导的基岩风化带原生裂隙扩展渗透深度计算公式,表明高承压松散含水层对风化裂隙产生劈裂作用,是“下行裂隙”形成的主要因素。“双行裂隙”的综合作用使工作面更易发生松散层水突水事故,研究成果为近松散层煤层开采安全煤（岩）柱的合理留设提供科学依据。      

钻孔咬合灌注桩质量事故的预防与处理

结合浙江省余姚市东旱门隧道基坑围护工程,介绍了钻孔咬合灌注桩施工中常遇的质量事故的预防及处理措施。     

应用核磁共振方法在贫水地区勘探地下水

核磁共振(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,以下缩写为NMR)找水方法是一种直接寻找地下水的物探新方法.以实例说明在岩溶裂隙水勘查中,以NMR方法为主,辅以电阻率法,进行资料的综合解释,可以获得好的效果.     

Reconstruction of Channelized Systems Through a Conditioned Reverse Migration Method

Geological heterogeneities directly control underground flow. In channelized sedimentary environments, their determination is often underconstrained: it may be possible to observe the most recent channel path and the abandoned meanders on seismic or satellite images, but smaller-scale structures are generally below image resolution. In this paper, reconstruction of channelized systems is proposed with a stochastic inverse simulation reproducing the reverse migration of the system. Maps of the recent trajectories of the Mississippi river were studied to define appropriate relationships between simulation parameters. Measurements of curvature and migration vectors showed (i) no significant correlation between curvature and migration offset and (ii) correlation trends of downstream and lateral migration offsets versus the curvature at half-meander scale. The proposed reverse migration method uses these trends to build possible paleo-trajectories of the river starting from the last stage of the sequence observed from present-day (satellite or seismic) data. As abandoned meanders provide clues about the paleo-locations of the river, they are integrated time step by time step during the reverse simulation process. We applied the method to a satellite image of a fluvial system. Each of the different resulting geometries of the system honored most of the available observations and presented meandering patterns similar to the observed ones.     

矿山环境治理的景观再生设计研究——以北京龙世源有限责任公司采石场矿山环境治理为例

废弃矿山是剧烈人为干扰下的一种特殊景观类型,其存在的地质环境问题正成为地区可持续发展的障碍,亟需对其进行环境治理。景观再生设计能够消除地质环境问题,恢复土地利用价值,重建稳定平衡的生态系统,创造出符合现代生活特征、具有艺术水准、融入自然观、生态思想与生态技术的景观,其从更高的角度、更深的层面为废弃矿山所带来的社会与环境问题找到了出路。以北京龙世源石业有限责任公司采石场矿山环境治理为例,探索采用景观再生设计的手法对其进行治理,以期为其他矿山环境治理项目提供一些新思路和新方法。     

潜孔锤反循环钻进工艺在拉拉铜矿的试验应用

针对现有露天矿区空气钻孔作业存在的粉尘污染、岩矿心（样）丢失严重等问题。采用贯通式空气潜孔锤反循环钻进工艺在四川拉拉铜矿露天矿区进行了生产性试验,检验贯通式潜孔锤在露天矿区的钻进效率、粉尘控制以及岩心（样）采取率情况。试验共完成了3个试验孔,进尺483 m,平均钻进效率为8.83 m/h,岩心（样）总长度252.43 m,反循环效果良好,且不同的钻具组合对反循环形成效果无影响,试验现场无粉尘弥散现象。     

塔里木盆地深探井完井方法研究

油气井完井方法是完井技术的重要组成部分，从影响完井方法选择的各种因素出发，建立了完井方法数据库及其管理系统，在这基础之上，研制ＣＭＥＳ专家系统及模糊综合评判系统，运用这两个系统可避免过去仅凭经验确定完井方法的不足，使完井方法的研究向定量化，计算机程序化方向前进了一步，研制的系统应用于塔里木盆地深探井完井方法的优选，实践证明是正确，可行的。     

空气反循环连续取样钻进技术在紫金山金铜矿区的应用

紫金山金铜矿矿产勘查中使用空气反循环连续取样钻进工艺,解决破碎地层、缺水地区钻探取样难、施工成本高的问题。介绍了机具的配套、钻进工艺流程及施工注意事项,特别是针对紫金山金铜矿区破碎、漏失地层,为提高钻进效率,采用正反循环2种潜孔锤钻进,获得了高的采样率,提高了施工效率,大幅度降低了施工成本。     

Determination of Suitable Pillar Size for Protecting Gas Well Drilled Through a Longwall Mining Abutment Pillar Using Numerical Modelling Approach: A Case Study

Gas well drilled through longwall mining abutment pillar could potentially face instability issue due to the strata deformation following longwall panel extraction. Therefore, it is imperative to adequately design the pillar size of a longwall mining in order to ensure the stability of the gas well penetrated longwall mining abutment pillar. In this paper, the determination of suitable pillar size for protecting gas well subjected to longwall mining operation was investigated. Two scenarios of longwall gateroad system including the three and four entry system with varying pillar sizes were assessed using numerical modelling approach. The results of this study indicate that the pillar geometry plays an important role on the vertical gas well stability. In addressing the suitable pillar size for the given case study considering three entry system, the suitable chain pillar and abutment pillar size were found to be 80 ft (24.4 m) wide by 120 ft (36.6 m) length and 104 ft (31.7 m) wide by 120 ft (36.6 m) length rib to rib, respectively. Whereas, if four entry system is used, the suitable chain pillar size is 48 ft (14.6) wide by 120 ft (36.6 m) length and the abutment pillar size is 104 ft (31.7 m) wide by 120 ft (36.6 m) length rib to rib. The proposed numerical modelling procedure presented in this paper can be a viable alternative and applied to other similar projects in order to determine an optimal pillar size for protecting gas well in longwall mining area.

     

空气反循环连续取样钻探技术在新疆乌什磷钒矿区的应用

通过选取合适的钻探设备和合理的钻进参数,空气反循环连续取样工艺在新疆乌什磷钒矿区取得了良好的应用效果。该工程实践表明,在缺水地区及岩矿样难采取的地层,空气反循环连续取样钻探技术取样率可达到100%,施工成本低,经济效益显著。介绍了施工设备、管材的配置及钻探施工工艺。     

End Bearing Capacity of Drilled Shafts in Sand: A Numerical Approach

In this paper, a modeling procedure is carried out to numerically analyze the end bearing capacity of drilled shafts in sand. The Mohr–Coulomb elastic plastic constitutive law with stress dependent elastic parameters is used for all numerical analyses performed in this study. The numerical results are compared with the available experimental equations. It is seen that numerical results are in good agreement with experimental equations. The variation of the end bearing capacity of drilled shafts versus embedment depth is also studied. Numerical results show that with increase in pile embedment depth, the end bearing capacity increases. However, the rate of increase becomes smaller as the pile embedment depth increases. Also, numerical analyses show that, for equal settlement, the end bearing decreases with increase in the pile diameter. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to obtain the separate effect of each sand parameter on the end bearing capacity of drilled shafts, and the parameters that are most influential are identified.     

白涧铁矿ZK27A07孔下套管跑管事故处理

在河北省沙河市白涧铁矿勘探ZK27A07钻孔施工中,钻遇2个含承压水大型溶洞。在下入?89 mm套管过程中,发生了脱扣跑管事故。事故处理过程中又发生了套管二次坠落和打捞工具多次折断掉入孔内事故,在溶洞内造成了多个活动事故头叠加。最终采用混凝土浇筑通过自然绕障的方法,成功处理了此次跑管事故,使钻孔免于报废。本文详述了事故处理的全过程,并通过对事故发生经过、原因进行认真分析,给出了在套管柱超长超重的情况下安全下管的具体方法,同时探讨了有多个含承压水溶洞钻孔内如何实现对护壁套管柱可靠封固的问题。