A STUDY ON FLUVIAL DYNAMIC GEOMORPHOLOGY AND ITS EXPERIMENT AND SIMULATION

IntroductionFlowingwaterisoneOfthemostaCtivefaCtorsontheearthsuffoce.Pr0cessesinitsachonwiththesuffoce,theredistnbution0fenergyresultsinanerosion4ransport-dePositionprocessandvariousfluviallandscapesaremaildycomposedofthesuffoceframework.Thefluvialdynanuc…     

GRAPHICS FOR LINEARITY AND SELECTIVITY AND PREDICTION DIAGNOSTICS FOR MULTICOMPONENT SPECTRA

Modern scanning infrared reflectance/absorption spectroscopes measure absorptions or reflectance at asequence of around 1000 wavelengths. Training data may consist of 10-100 carefully designed samplemixtures whose true compositions are either known by formulation or accurately determined by wetchemistry. In future, one wishes to predict the true composition of a newly presented sample from itsspectrum. Varying compositions of a mixture of three sugars in water are used for illustration of severaldifferent graphical techniques; the spectral measurements here are near-infrared (NIR) absorbances, butthere is nothing exclusively infrared about the methodology. Graphs display the adequacy of a linearexplanation of absorbance variability at each wavelength by wavelength linearity plots. These highlightregions of the spectrum where non-linearities and interaction effects are substantial. By selecting out thesesubstantially non-linear regions, one can concentrate on linear formulae for prediction with resultantrobust linear modelling. Such selections are further aided by plots which identify the component sugarfor which each wavelength is most selective. Such plots offer rather natural pre-screening as an alternativeor supplement to the wavelength selection method of Brown. We also display prediction diagnostics (R, Rx) which on a sample-by-sample basis may diagnose aparticularly unusual presented spectrum. These diagnostics are shown to have predictive import for avalidation data set.     

THE HISTORY AND STATUS OF GEOPOLITICS AND THE GEOPOLITICAL STRATEGIES OF CHINA

LTlewe~jk~inGeop0uticsbeofiticaisonOfthemoStimPoatbranchesofp0liticalmpaphylnhumanmpaphyThssmpatQfbeoliticshasundeIgOneafewhmes0frisinganddeCirung.SOInetilnesthewiodhaSbonfoedfavourinsomempphers'eyeS,butin0therhmesithasbangiventheedd~and~atargaOfathousandarrowsbyanOtherppaphers.Thetenninationof,the8aredW0rldWarandthedeadofK.HaushofermeantheendofGermangcopolihcal~anditalsoledtothedeCiningOfGapolihcsinaratherlOngtime.Inabout30yearsfromthel940stol977,wboC.Graypublishedhisfamousbookenti…     

DISTRIBUTIONS AND HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL CYCLONE RAINSTORMS AND FLOODS IN CHINA

I.horoductionPleNorthwestPacificOceanisti1elnostfrequentlyaffeCtedareaoftropicalcyclone(TC).AboLIt36percentTCoftheworldoccurinffosarea[2],andthenumberofTCWhichlandedonChinawiti1n1akimumwindforcescalesoverlOisabout35percentofti1atintheeastemcoastalcoLUitriesofAsia[l].BothrainstormsandfloodsMide,theidriuenceofTCareheaVyinChina,suchastherainfalldePthof2749mm/3datXinliao,Taiwanandpeakdischargeof44,6oOm'/satHuanggo(55,42okn'),YalujiangRjver.Therefore,TCisanimportantfaCtorforflooddisas…     

THE FLOODS AND DROUGHTS OF THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY AND THEIR PREDICTIONS

During Ching dynasty from 1644 to 1911, an interval of 268 years, there occurred in the lower Yangtze valley 197 floods and 156 droughts. The most serious droughts came in 1785, 1814, and 1856; and the most disastrous floods in 1680, 1823     

THE FLOODS AND DROUGHTS OF THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY AND THEIR PREDICTIONS

During Ching dynasty from 1644 to 1911, an interval of 268 years, there occurred in the lower Yangtze valley 197 floods and 156 droughts. The most serious droughts came in 1785, 1814, and 1856; and the most disastrous floods in 1680, 1823     

ORGANIZING MACRO ECONOMIC REGIONS AND ENHANCING INTER-PROVINCIAL COORDINATION AND PLANNING IN CHINA

Econowhcropon,inabroadsense,referst0thearealunitofecononucactvities.TherearevarioustyPesofeconomicropons.Accordingtotheterrit0nalscope,China'scomprehensiveec0nonucroponhasfourlevels,andtheyaremacroeconomicrop0ns,provincialeconondcropons,intra-provincialro…     

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF INFILTRATION AND EROSION UNDER SLOPE GRADIENTS AND VEGETAL COVERS

I.llltr0dtlch0n~studyhasshowedU1atiI1filtrationdePa1dsnot0nIyOnsoiIpIDpeIty,alndatln0iStLle,lainfallproPeltiesbutalsoonSu1facel1liclDtopographicprope1ties,sud1assudecesloPegradia1t,vopalcoverandlandtItiIization.n1etheofh1efonnerelelna1tsol1infiltrationhas…     

CLASSIFICATION:OLDTIMERS AND NEWCOMERS

Classification and regression techniques are among the most used tools by chemometricians.Withclassification,the two classic methods are discriminant analysis and SIMCA.In this paper we discuss theconnection between these two methods and introduce two new ones of the same family:DASCO(discriminantanalysis with shrunken covariances)and RDA(regularized discriminant analysis).We demonstrate on bothsimulated and real data sets that their performance is superior to the old favorites.This is especially truein small-sample/high-dimension settings typical in chemistry.     

LAND DEGRADATION AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN THE ARID AND SEMI ARID AREAS OF CHINA

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THE HEIGHT OF TAISHAN AND OMEISHAN

China has not been accurately surveyed, the height of mountain peaks in China are very uncertain. Figures on the maps, indicating the altitude of the mountains,are usually taken from aneroid readings, and vary greatly from one map to another.     

ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND PAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES:IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA

1ntroductionSincel978ChinaembarkedonitsmodemiZaionprogramadopingtheopnDoorPOliCy.Sincethen,cooperationbe~nChinaandtheho-forificcountriesews)havebeenintensifiedandextensified.Noonlybilateraltradeactivitieshavebeenburgeoning,therehasalsobeenPhenomenatgrOWthinthedirectinvestmentineachothefseconomy.Besides,therehasbeenemergingsomenewtypesofmultinationalcoopefationtopromOtefullexploitationofmralandhumanresourcesandtoutilizeeachOther'scomParativeadvantags.TwoPedicularareaswhichmaybelookedaspoe…     

RESEARCHES ON ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES OF THE YELLOW RIVER BASIN AND LAWS OF WATER AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORTATION

TheYelowfover,risingintheYawiiebasinatthenofthofBayanthrMts.onTibanPatheu,istheseCOnlaperiverinChina.ItflowseaStWrdthrowtnineprownasorngonsof~i,Sichuan,Gansu,Ningha,InnerMonghia,Sbo,Shaaha,Ham,andShanwtintotheBohaiSeaatKedicoUnty,ShandongProvince.Itcovers…     

THE POLAR IONOSPHERE AND THE MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE COUPLING

EISCAT (the Incoherent System at the northern polar region) data are used in discussion of the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. Comperison between samples in geomagnetic quiet days and during magnetic storms shows a significant effect of the basic magnetospheric processes on the features of the polar ionosphere. It not only demonstrates that the polar ionosphere can be regarded as a 'panoramic screen' of these process, but also indicates an importance of the simultaneous observation of southern and northern polar regions (especially, at the magnetic conjugate points). A few topics concerned are suggested for the further study of the southern polar region.     

GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF LIN CHAO

LinChaowasborninJieyangCounty,GuangdongProvince,ChinaonApril13,1909.HewenttotheArtSchool,LingnanUniversityasastudentin1926,andmovedtotheDepartmentofPhilosophy,ZhongShanUniversityinthenextyear.Hestartedtostudygeographyandgeologyin1929.Anergraduationin1930,hebecameanassistantprofessorintheDepanmentofGeography,ZhongshanUniversity.During1934-38,hewasaguduatestUdentintheUniversityofLiverpool,EnglandandwasconferredthePh.D.ingeograPhy.AnerhisreturntoChina,hehadsuccessivelyheldthepostsofpr…     

VEGETATION MAPPING USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS

I.StduyAreaPUschRjdgeoftheSantaCatalinaMountains,CoronadONaionalForest,SoutheastArizona,wasselectedasastudyareafOrvegetationmopingandatestoftheroleOfGISinaidingrem0teIysenseddataclassificati0n.BeinganepitOmeoftheSantaCatalinaMountains,PUscllmdgeiscomprisedOf23O.65sqUarelQnoflandIocatedonthesouthwesternPOrti0noftheSantaCarelinaRangerDistrictOftheCoronadoNationalForest.ltprovidesasharPcontrastbebeenthenamralruggdnessOftheSantaCatalinaMountainsandtheCityOfTucson,Arizona,araPdl…