Locating day-labor employment: toward a geographic understanding of day-labor hiring site locations in the San Diego metropolitan area

Day-labor hiring sites are common features of the contemporary North American landscape. These are public and semi-public spaces where mostly male residents congregate daily in hopes of being hired for short-term work. Research on contemporary day-labor markets in the United States to date tends to be policy-oriented, intended to reduce the injustices that are a common part of life as a day laborer. Unfortunately, very little is understood about the spatial organization of day-labor markets. Drawing on more than five years of mixed-methods research in the San Diego Metropolitan Area (SDMA), this paper takes two important steps toward a spatial understanding of day-labor hiring sites. First, it demonstrates that informal hiring sites are established in locations that maximize laborers’ chances of finding employment. Second, it establishes a geo-spatial typology of hiring sites for the SDMA that can be used to better tailor day-labor support efforts and policy to site-level context.     

The Ambiguous Roles of Suburbanization and Immigration in Ethnic Segregation: the Case of San Antonio1

The traditional spatial assimilation model, though still operative, has proven inadequate to explain new trends in urban residential location in which, for example, disadvantaged and newly arrived groups move directly to the suburbs where they may re-segregate rather than disperse. Understanding residential patterns after 1990 often benefits from a micro-level approach, looking at specific cities and disaggregating traditional measures (e.g., the dissimilarity index) to examine changes within areas and neighborhoods of the city. This study takes such an approach. It analyzes segregation by means of the residential micro-patterns that give rise to it, and examines their relationship to suburbanization and immigration in greater San Antonio (Bexar County) during the 1990s for four ethnic groups: Hispanics, Blacks, non-Hispanic Whites, and Latino immigrants. The results reveal that segregation patterns in San Antonio have deep historic roots—the result of ongoing processes of urban job and housing availability, minority political power, and economic mobility. They show that the dissimilarity index declined for all groups in the 1990s, a decline chiefly attributable to deconcentration (lessening overrepresentation) in the inner city. By contrast, in the outer suburban city, incursion (moving into new areas) was offset by hyper-concentration (concentrating with fellow ethnics) such that the dissimilarity index neither increased nor declined. A typology is developed to explain the different pathways by which the dissimilarity index may increase or decrease in a metropolis. Finally, the results show that Latino immigration increased the overall dissimilarity index for Hispanics as well as for other groups in San Antonio.     

The residential segregation of San Antonio,Texas in 1910: an analysis of ethno-racial and occupational spatial patterns with the colocation quotient

The segregation of cities can be traced to a time when the compartmentalization of space and people was based on factors other than race. In segregation research, one of the limiting factors has always been the geographic scale of the data, and the limited knowledge that exists of segregation patterns when the household is the unit of analysis. Historical census data provides the opportunity to analyze the disaggregated information, and this paper does so with San Antonio during 1910. A spatial analysis of residential segregation based on race, ethnicity, and occupations is carried out with the colocation quotient to map and measure the attraction of residents. Results reveal the presence of residential segregation patterns on different sectors of the city based on households’ ethno-racial and occupational attributes; therefore, providing evidence of the existence of residential segregation prior to the commonly cited determinants of segregation of the 20th century.     

流空间视域下城市群功能协同发展研究

文章基于流空间视角,提出了城市群协同发展双重内涵,从流动性、连通性与互补性3方面剖析了要素空间流动与区域功能协同的内在关联。并选取旧金山湾区为实证案例,梳理国际湾区城市群从单中心走向功能协同、一体化发展的路径及驱动机制。研究认为,要素流驱动下的旧金山湾区经历了从发育到成熟的3个阶段：1）要素流动强化旧金山与奥克兰双城联系,功能互补促进双城共生发展阶段;2）要素南汇促成三足鼎立,要素对流与功能互惠助推多中心联动发展阶段;3）要素分流促成泛网络空间结构,错位互补发展强化区域环流,湾区实现功能协同发展阶段。文章结论可为构建中国区域协调发展机制、推动国际湾区协同发展带来如下启示：应顺应要素流动的客观规律,推进体制机制创新,为要素流动破除障碍;发挥政府引导作用,提升区域软、硬件基础设施的连通性,为要素流动和实现区域优势互补奠定基础;探索区域协商机制,制定功能互补与联动的区域发展战略,引导要素合理分流与高效配置,实现区域功能联动发展。