复合地基沉降的复合本构有限元分析

提出了平面应变条件下复合地基沉降计算的复合本构有限元法。根据桩土界面处力的平衡条件和竖向变形协调条件,由桩、土材料各自的本构方程形成复合地基的本构方程,桩和桩周土可以采用任意非线性本构模型。工程实例分析表明,所建议的方法是有效的。     

刚性桩复合地基沉降计算的简化方法

既简便又具有较好精度的刚性桩复合地基沉降计算方法仍是工程实践中迫切需要而又有待于解决的问题,文中提出了一个解决的简化方法。在刚性桩复合地基中,由于桩间土荷载水平不高,将桩间土荷载-沉降曲线近似为线性。当桩的荷载水平不高时,对桩的沉降可按线性考虑,线性关系可按线弹性方程计算得到。若桩可能进入非线性甚至塑性,则假设桩的荷载-沉降曲线满足双曲线规律,可较好地考虑桩的非线性沉降过程。通过计算单桩承载力特征值下的沉降,然后通过双曲线方程特点得到桩的非线性沉降方程。对于有单桩静载试验的情况,提出直接利用单桩试验曲线建立单桩的双曲线方程。最后依据共同作用时桩和桩间土的变形协调条件和静力平衡方程,即可计算其实际基础下复合地基的沉降,从而得到一个刚性桩复合地基沉降计算的简化方法。工程实例表明,简化是方法既简便又具有较好的精度,可为工程实践提供一个有效实用的计算方法。     

两阶段法分析基坑开挖对邻近桩基的影响

采用两阶段分析方法,基于Winkler地基模型以及桩土变形协调条件,建立单桩水平位移控制方程。应用简化Mindlin方程,分析桩-桩相互作用及桩-土相互影响。结合以上几点,建立群桩控制微分方程组求解。最后的算例分析将该方法的计算结果与离心机试验结果进行对比。     

桩-土-承台共同作用的简化分析方法

从桩与承台下地基土共同分担荷载的基本条件出发,提出了一种从单桩荷载沉降曲线入手的桩-土-承台共同作用简化分析方法。在给定单桩荷载水平下,假定承台下桩间土的变形量等于此时单桩沉降量,求解相应的板底应力,从而可以得到任意桩荷载水平下的承台荷载分担量,而不必将桩的受荷水平限制在极限荷载。将基础沉降分为桩间土变形量及桩端下卧土层的整体压缩量两部分进行分析。桩间土变形量等于单桩在给定荷载水平下的沉降量,而桩端下卧土层的整体压缩量则由承台与桩两部分荷载引起,可以相对准确地预测基础沉降量。工程实例分析与实测结果的比较表明该方法是可行的。     

低强度桩复合地基沉降计算方法研究

从低强度桩复合地基沉降变形模式出发,建立了一组低强度桩复合地基沉降计算的应力-应变协调方程。推导方程过程中,考虑了桩-土-垫层之间的相互作用,得出了桩土应力比和等沉面深度的解析解,并且进一步得到了桩和桩间土体的应力分布规律、压缩变形量、桩体上刺入垫层和下刺入下卧土层的刺入量。在此基础上,通过与复合地基下卧土层的压缩变形量求和,最终推导出了低强度桩复合地基的总沉降计算公式,为低强度桩复合地基的沉降计算提供了一种科学方法。     

基于荷载传递法的CFG桩复合地基沉降计算

深入分析了CFG桩复合地基的荷载传递机制,针对CFG桩复合地基中桩、土、垫层相互作用特点,基于荷载传递法,通过简化桩土单元体竖向相对位移分布模式,引入弹塑性荷载传递模型,并考虑桩体的上刺与下刺变形,建立出CFG桩复合地基沉降计算的基本微分方程,进而提出了一种新的能考虑桩-土-垫层体系共同作用的复合地基沉降计算方法。采用该沉降计算方法对某试验进行分析,其结果表明,沉降计算值与实测值吻合较好,且该方法计算工作量小,便于工程应用。     

桩-土共同作用的研究

桩端刺入量与桩身压缩量之和等于桩端以上桩间土的压缩量,这是桩与土共同发挥作用的基本条件。从这个基本条件出发,提出了一种考虑桩-土共同作用的简化分析方法。该方法可以求解任意荷载水平下桩间土的荷载分担量,进而可以方便的求解出用桩量,同时将基础沉降分为桩间土变形量及桩端下卧土层的整体压缩量两部分进行分析,可以方便的预测基础沉降量,最后根据建筑物的允许变形来确定桩的设计荷载值。工程实例分析表明该方法是可行的。     

考虑沉桩效应的群桩非线性荷载-沉降解析

考虑沉桩效应对桩周土体力学特性的影响,采用指数函数型荷载传递曲线分别建立了静压桩的桩侧和桩端荷载传递模型。在此基础上,根据群桩加载过程中桩周土体的变形模式,基于荷载传递法描述桩-土界面的非线性行为,采用剪切位移法考虑群桩之间的相互作用,提出了考虑沉桩效应的群桩非线性荷载-沉降混合计算方法。通过开展离心模型试验对该计算方法解答进行了验证,研究了沉桩效应和桩-土界面非线性特征对群桩承载特性的影响。研究结果表明,沉桩效应对桩周土体起到挤密作用,使得桩周土体的强度和刚度增大,从而提高了群桩的承载特性。群桩加载过程中桩-土界面刚度随沉降变形而逐渐减小,使得群桩荷载-沉降曲线呈现出明显的非线性特征。     

基于统计损伤本构模型的改进桩-土接触面模型研究

建立准确合理的接触面本构模型是研究桩基承载力、沉降及变形等问题的前提。考虑桩-土界面初始剪切刚度的深度效应,提出基于统计损伤本构模型的无厚度接触面本构模型,根据剪切试验的数据对改进的接触面本构模型参数进行拟合,得到了不同法向应力下的模拟曲线。利用FLAC3D软件内嵌的FISH语言,对桩-土界面进行改进本构模型的二次开发,提出的无厚度接触面模型合理地模拟出桩-土界面刚度的非线性,成功实现了桩-土剪切试验过程的数值模拟。计算结果表明：提出的无厚度接触面本构模型能够合理地模拟桩-土界面的力学行为,可以描述接触面刚度的非线性变化,也适于程序化计算,拓展了接触面统计损伤本构模型的应用领域,为深入探讨桩基承载变形性状奠定了基础。     

基于桩-土界面剪切特性的单桩沉降和承载问题研究

近年来,西北地区出现了许多高填方场地,为减小建筑物基础的不均匀沉降,基础类型广泛使用桩基础。与一般场地不同,黄土填方场地中的单桩桩周土受力后仍会产生较大的变形,该类场地单桩沉降机制复杂。桩顶总沉降计算是桩基设计的重要依据,为此,建立了高填方黄土场地单桩桩顶总沉降计算模型。基于传统的荷载传递法和剪切位移法,分别考虑桩-土界面的桩-土相互作用和桩-土界面外剪切带土体的剪切变形。依据桩端边界,将单桩类型分为摩擦桩和端承摩擦桩,分别建立桩周土弹性阶段和塑性阶段的桩身位移控制微分方程,结合边界条件进行求解,得到桩身位移、轴力、侧摩阻力,并通过弹塑性理论求解了桩周土剪切带土体剪切变形,进而通过叠加原理求得桩顶总沉降。用桩长与桩周土塑性发展深度的比值,定义了桩基承载力安全系数K。通过算例分析与现场试验数据对比分析,研究结果表明：使用新的模型计算得到的桩顶总沉降与现场试验结果相近;当桩顶荷载较小、桩周土处于弹性阶段时,桩端边界对桩身轴力、位移和侧摩阻力影响很小,但桩周土进入塑性滑移阶段后,桩端边界的影响开始变大,考虑桩端土的承载能力会极大提高单桩极限承载力;建立了将荷载传递法和剪切位移法综合起来的计算...     

Dynamic characteristics of a large‐diameter pile in saturated soil and its application

This study theoretically investigates the dynamic response of an end‐bearing pile embedded in saturated soil considering the transverse inertial effect of the pile. The saturated soil surrounding the pile is described by Biot poroelastic theory, and the pile is represented by a Rayleigh‐Love rod because both the vertical and radial displacements at the soil‐pile interface are considered. The potential function decomposition method and variable separation method are introduced to solve the governing equations of the soil, in which the vertical and radial displacement components are coupled. The governing equation of the pile is solved using the continuity conditions at the pile‐soil interface. Next, the velocity admittance in the frequency domain and the velocity response in the time domain at the pile top are presented based on the Laplace transform and inverse Fourier transform, respectively. Subsequently, the reduced solution is compared with a 1‐dimensional model solution to verify the validity, and the influences of the slenderness ratio of the pile on the transverse inertial effect of the pile are analyzed. Moreover, Poisson ratio, the slenderness ratio of the pile, and the pile‐soil modulus ratio are studied. Finally, the theoretical and measured curves in the engineering project are compared, and the results demonstrate the good application prospects of the solution presented in this article.     

Analysis of laterally loaded pile groups in multilayered elastic soil

The paper presents a semi-analytical method of calculating the response of a pile group. The approach is based on tying the displacement at any point of the soil mass around a pile or group of piles to the displacements experienced by the piles themselves. This is done by multiplying the pile displacements by decay functions. Application of the principle of minimum potential energy and calculus of variations to the resulting displacement field formulation leads to the differential equations for the soil and piles. Solution of these differential equations using finite differences and the method of eigenvectors leads to the desired displacement field in the soil and deflection profiles of the piles. The method produces displacement fields that are very close to those produced by the finite element method at a fraction of the cost. To illustrate the ease of application of the method, it is then used to prepare pile group efficiency charts for some typical soil modulus profiles.     

Influence of a point sink on a pile group in saturated multilayered soils with anisotropic permeability

The behavior of a pile group is solved using the finite element method, and the fundamental solution of saturated multilayered soils with anisotropic permeability is obtained by the analytical layer element method. Based on the supposition of no slip occurring at the pile‐soil interface, the governing equations of the interaction between the pile group and the soils due to a point sink are established in the Laplace‐Hankel transformed domain by considering the pile‐soil compatibility condition. Numerical results are presented to study the effect of point sink pumping, the properties of soils, and the geometries of piles on the behavior of the pile group.     

A multidirectional semi‐analytical method for analysis of laterally loaded pile groups in multi‐layered elastic strata

A semi‐analytical method for calculating the response of single piles and pile groups subjected to lateral loading is developed in this paper. Displacements anywhere in the soil domain are tied to the displacements of the piles through decay functions. The principle of virtual work and the calculus of variations are used to derive the governing differential equations that describe the response of the piles and soil. The eigenvalue method and the finite difference technique are used to solve the system of coupled differential equations for the piles and soil, respectively. The proposed method takes into account the soil surface displacement along and perpendicular to the loading direction and produces displacement fields that are very close to those produced by the finite element method but at lower computational effort. Compared with the previous method that considered only the soil displacement along the loading direction, accounting for the multi‐directional soil displacement field produces responses for the piles and soil that are closer to those approximated by the finite element method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑桩周土竖向作用大直径楔形桩纵向振动特性

将桩土系统划分为数量足够多的微元段,相邻微元桩段接触面处的环形凸面与土的相互作用采用单个Voigt体模拟,求得Voigt体的弹簧和黏壶系数。结合相邻微元桩段接触面上的应力平衡条件和位移连续条件,得到修正的阻抗函数递推法,桩身采用Rayleigh杆考虑桩身的横向惯性效应。结合桩底的边界条件,运用拉普拉斯变换和修正的阻抗函数递推法求得了平面应变条件下成层土中考虑桩周土竖向作用时大直径楔形桩桩顶复阻抗的解析解。通过与已有解对比,研究了桩周土竖向作用对桩顶复刚度和桩顶在瞬态激振下的速度响应的影响,并在低频域内详细分析了桩周土的竖向作用与桩土系统参数对桩顶复刚度的影响的耦合作用。     

垃圾填埋场边坡上土工膜的拉力与位移分析

在垃圾填埋场中,土工膜通常放在填埋场的边坡上用来隔离有害物质以避免污染周围环境。土工膜上填埋垃圾和土层沿其长度将有剪应力作用,使得土工膜产生位移,内部承受拉力。为保证土工膜的安全使用,需要对土工膜的拉力与位移进行分析。以边坡材料的应力应变协调为基础,对土工膜下层与土接触面上的剪应力-位移关系采用双曲线模型,推导出微分控制方程,并利用有限差分法迭代求解控制方程得到土工膜位移与拉力的解。最后,对影响土工膜拉力和位移的重要参数进行了分析研究。     

Dynamic response of a pile considering the interaction of pile variable cross section with the surrounding layered soil

Assuming that the pile variable cross section interacts with the surrounding soil in the same way as the pile toe does with the bearing stratus, the interaction of pile variable cross section with the surrounding soil is represented by a Voigt model, which consists of a spring and a damper connected in parallel, and the spring constant and damper coefficient are derived. Thus, a more rigid pile–soil interaction model is proposed. The surrounding soil layers are modeled as axisymmetric continuum in which its vertical displacements are taken into account and the pile is assumed to be a Rayleigh–Love rod with material damping. Allowing for soil properties and pile defects, the pile–soil system is divided into several layers. By means of Laplace transform, the governing equations of soil layers are solved in frequency domain, and a new relationship linking the impedance functions at the variable‐section interface between the adjacent pile segments is derived using a Heaviside step function, which is called amended impedance function transfer method. On this basis, the impedance function at pile top is derived by amended impedance function transfer method proposed in this paper. Then, the velocity response at pile top can be obtained by means of inverse Fourier transform and convolution theorem. The effects of pile–soil system parameters are studied, and some conclusions are proposed. Then, an engineering example is given to confirm the rationality of the solution proposed in this paper. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic analysis of piles and pile groups embedded in non-homogeneous soils

A hybrid boundary element formulation for the steady state analysis of piles and pile groups embedded in a soil stratum in which the modulus increases linearly with depth is presented. The piles are represented by compressible columns or flexible beams and the soil as a hysteretic, layered medium. The explicit Green's function corresponding to dynamic loads in the interior of a layered stratum, developed earlier by Kausel is used in the study. The governing differential equations for the pile domain are solved for a distributed periodic loading intensity and those for the soil domain by a system of boundary elements at the pile-soil interface. These are then assembled into a system of algebraic equations by satisfying interface equilibrium and compatibility. The results of the analysis have been compared against those from alternative formulations, e.g. finite elements, and confirm the accuracy of the proposed formulation. Representative results for single piles and pile groups are presented.     

Analysis of laterally loaded piles with rectangular cross sections embedded in layered soil

An analysis is developed to determine the response of laterally loaded rectangular piles in layered elastic media. The differential equations governing the displacements of the pile–soil system are derived using variational principles. Closed‐form solutions of pile deflection, the slope of the deflected curve, the bending moment and the shear force profiles can be obtained by this method for the entire pile length. The input parameters needed for the analysis are the pile geometry and the elastic constants of the soil and pile. The new analysis allows insights into the lateral load response of square, rectangular and circular piles and how they compare. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.