2014年2月12日于田7.3级地震对青藏东北缘地震活动的影响分析

首先, 利用“中国地壳运动观测网络”和“中国构造环境观测网络”截至2013年的GPS区域站观测资料, 结合地质构造, 简要分析了2014年2月12日新疆于田7.3级地震前大区域地壳水平运动变形背景; 接着, 对青藏块体东北缘地区GPS和精密水准两种不同类型资料反映的地壳运动变形与应变积累状态进行了对比分析研究; 最后, 结合地震活动动力环境, 研究和探讨了于田7.3级地震的发生对青藏块体东北缘地震活动的可能影响。 我们认为, 此次于田7.3级地震发生在近年来中国西部边邻强构造活动环境和内陆地壳强烈差异运动显著的背景下, 同时也是青藏块体及其边缘构造应力场较强的时段; 于田7.3级地震左旋走滑错动和应力传递, 可能会加速青藏块体东北缘具有高应变积累的构造断裂部位(尤其是祁连山构造带、 西秦岭以南的甘青川交界)破裂释放。     

2004年12月26日印尼8.7级地震及其对我国大陆地震趋势的影响

本文简要介绍了2004年12月26日印尼苏门答腊西北近海8．7级地震发生背景，基于1900年以来全球8．5级以上地震活动之后我国大陆地震活动情况以及这印尼8.7级地震产生的附加应力场，分析了这次地震对我国大陆地区地震趋势的可能响，讨论了印尼爪哇海沟地区发生的7级以上地震与我国大陆7级以上地震的对应关系。     

印尼8.7级地震在河北省的震后效应初探

2004年12月26日印尼苏门答腊发生M8.7级地震时,我国大量的形变、地下水位等台站记录到了丰富的同震效应,河北省的前兆观测资料多数也出现明显的同震变化.本文通过分析河北省境内前兆资料的同震变化特征,认为印尼M8.7级地震可能使河北省中东部地区产生了断层的错动,促使一年半后发生文安M5.1级地震.     

GPS观测到的2004年印度洋9.3级等大地震前后地壳运动

2004—2012年印尼西部海域发生多次大地震,其中2004年印度洋9.3级巨震为21世纪以来全球最强。利用印尼及其邻近区域35个GPS连续观测站和中国大陆北京附近的GPS连续观测站BJFS站全球参考框架坐标时间序列,可得到以BJFS作为核心站的区域参考框架下这些观测站大地震震前位移积累、同震和震后位移,特别是震前水平位移积累和同震水平位移。该区大地震时空间隔密,且分布范围较大,观测站相互间与地震相关的地壳运动影响明显,地壳运动极为复杂。本文重点讨论了5次8级以上大地震前后地壳运动的特点、成因和相互影响。GPS观测结果显示,研究区域内7.5级以上地震的同震水平位移是震前水平位移积累的（弹性）回跳,震前水平位移积累是前兆。9.3级与2005年8.7级地震震级与时空相近,有重合与不重合的前兆形变区,是前者触发后者的主要条件;而9.3级与8.7级震后强烈地壳水平运动与2012年8.6级和8.2级地震的发生直接有关;2007年8.4级地震的发生与9.3级和8.7级地震无明显关系,但其震后水平位移影响了赤道南8.6级和8.2级地震的同震水平位移。尽管所采用的GPS连续观测站数量少、密度低,但仍为...     

8.1级震后青藏块体东北部水平形变态势与地震有序活动研究

青藏块体东北部2003年最新GPS复测揭示：昆仑山口西8．1级地震后本区水平运动变形较前变异显,以甘青块体西部出现的与NE向挤压背景相反的张性运动变形为主要标志,且区域总体应变幅度增大。结合地震有序活动分析认为：本区目前的水平运动变形态势,与8．1级大震及随后青藏块体中西部发育的NE向中强以上地震条带在较短时间内释放了大量的压应变,使得青藏块体北部区域NE向推挤的应力场失衡(西侧的区域应力场强度衰减、东侧的应力场增强)密切相关;因而青藏块体北部大区域应力场趋于平衡过程将有利于块体东北边缘应力应变加速积累和破裂错动。     

印尼8.7、 8.5级巨震对云南地区地震活动的远震触发分析

在收集整理印尼8.7、 8.5级巨震活动特点基础上, 分析了这两次巨震对云南地区地震活动的远震触发特征。 依据腾冲、 昆明两个台站的数字波形资料, 对这两次巨震的触发特点进行了分析。 认为云南地区2004年12月26日后地震活动的显著增强, 是由印尼8.7级巨震的长周期面波触发引起的。 8.5级地震后, 云南地区地震活动没有引起触发, 主要原因是8.7级地震已引起相关地震活动, 短期内断层不足以积累使其破裂的能量所致。 远震触发的地区与高热流地区一致。     

2018年台湾海峡6.2级地震前地震活动及应力状态研究

通过对2018年台湾海峡6.2级地震震中及邻区地震活动、小震震源机制解、地震视应力等资料进行综合分析,研究了6.2级地震前区域地震活动及应力状态特征,结合大陆和台湾岛GPS测量资料的分析,探讨岛陆两地相对运动对区域应力场等的影响.结果表明：(1)地震前5年起上述区域地震活动明显由弱转强,中小地震及震群活动由海域逐步向粤闽赣湘交界广泛扩散,表明地震活动增强可能是较大范围应力场增强所致;(2)震源机制和应力场的分析表明,区域应力场呈现拉张(震前15年)-挤压(震前5年)-拉张(震前半年)的演化特征;地震视应力计算结果同样显示震前5年开始区域应力水平快速大幅上升并持续至临震前半年转为下降;(3)GPS基线长期观测表明台湾岛相对大陆存在年度“分离-相聚”交替运动,6.2级地震前两岸经历了“分离-相聚-分离”2次明显的倒转运动,运动方式倒转时间与应力场及地震活动变化存在准同步性.分析认为台湾海峡及粤闽赣湘交界等区域应力状态及地震活动可能主要受制于两岸相对运动方式,台湾岛震前持续近5年朝大陆挤压造成区域应力持续增强可能是导致6.2级地震以剪切破裂方式发生的直接因素.菲律宾海板块位于台湾岛东部的动力...     

苏门答腊岛8.7级地震对我国南北地震带地震形势的影响

分析了苏门答腊8．7级地震对我国南北地震带尤其是川滇地震活动和前兆观测的巨大影响，以及历史上从印度安达曼到印度尼西亚苏门答腊区域的巨大地震与中国大陆西部尤其是南北地震带强震的关系。结果表明：这次苏门答腊8．7级地震对南北地震带地震活动和前兆观测的影响巨大；历史上安达曼—苏门答腊区域的巨大地震与中国大陆西部尤其是南北地震带强震存在较短时间尺度的呼应相关。     

印尼8.7级地震前后土桥台电磁场短临异常特征分析

利用地震前兆观测资料分析方法中比较常用的平滑滤波法,对后土桥地震台电磁场数字化观测资料的分钟值进行处理,发现在印尼8.7级地震前出现了一些短临异常情况,而且地电场和地磁场出现同步脉动变化,并对异常的变化特征做了相应的分析。     

2013年甘肃岷县漳县M_s6.6地震前地壳形变特征研究

基于2013年岷县漳县M6.6地震震源区及其邻区1999年以来的GPS观测资料,通过应变率动态特征分析、多期次GPS剖面分析和基线变形速率的分析讨论了地震的震前变形特征.GPS速度场和块体应变率表明,汶川地震的发生导致了柴达木地块运动与变形状态发生明显调整,但由于西秦岭北缘等深大断裂的存在,岷-秦地块对其响应不明显;GPS连续应变率显示,在汶川地震引起的区域地壳变形调整过程中岷县漳县地震震源区附近的应变积累速率有减缓的迹象;GPS剖面显示,平行于岷县漳县主破裂带的运动分量对汶川地震响应显著,汶川震后表现为剪切变形速率的增强,而垂直于主破裂带的运动分量则对汶川地震响应不明显;震中周边GPS基线变形速率表明,基线伸缩变化率总体呈现NW向拉张、NE向压缩状态,且拉张量明显小于压缩量.上述地壳变形动态特征表明西秦岭北缘断裂及其附近地区的应变积累水平和断层闭锁程度可能处于较高水平,在岷县漳县地震前该区表现出局部“硬化”迹象.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.