Holocene evolution of a rock‐bounded barrier‐lagoon system,Cíes Islands,northwest Iberia

Coastal geomorphology results from the combined effects of contemporary dynamics, sea‐level rise and the inherited geological framework, yet the relative importance of these driving mechanisms may change throughout the evolutionary history of coastal deposits. In this contribution, we analyse the depositional history of the Cíes Islands barrier‐lagoon system, based on lithofacies, radiocarbon ages, and pollen analysis. Our results reveal a sedimentary sequence that provides evidence for striking changes in the dynamical functioning of this complex since the mid‐Holocene. The sedimentary sequence commenced about 7700 cal years bp by fresh‐water ponding of an upland depression located about 4 m below present mean sea‐level. Fresh‐water ponds were infilled by aeolian sediments following a gradual lowering of the water‐table 4000 cal years bp . Post‐3600 cal years bp sea‐level rise allowed water oscillations to reach the elevation of the bedrock causing the inundation of fresh‐water ponds and subsequent lagoonal and marine sedimentation. Subsequently, landward and upward migration of a sand‐barrier led to overwash and deposition of sand in the newly formed lagoon. The resultant sedimentary sequence suggests that climatic conditions played an important role controlling the sedimentation regime during the entire history of the basin; changing water‐table levels during early stages of evolution and increasing storminess during more recent times. In addition, background sea‐level rise related to the Holocene transgression was a key factor in controlling the evolution of the system, yet its influence depended to an extent on the relative elevation of the bedrock topography. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Morphology of the Itapeva to Tramandai transgressive dunefield barrier system and mid‐ to late Holocene sea level change

The surface morphology of the transgressive dunefield barrier extending from Itapeva to Tramandai along the northern littoral of Rio Grande do Sul, is examined and an attempt is presented to link morphological changes across the barrier to Holocene sea level changes. The 4·5 km wide Holocene barrier displays two typical morphologies: an inner part dominated by large‐scale, continuous alongshore, overlapping dunefield phases comprising sand sheets, dunes, deflation plains and precipitation ridges; and an outer part dominated by discontinuous, medium‐ to small‐scale, triangular to lobate transgressive dunefield phases, cut by both active and relict (palaeo‐) creeks or washouts. Holocene sea level in the region rose to c. +1 to +3 m above present reaching a maximum around 5100 years bp and then progressively fell to the present level. We argue that the effect on barrier development was to suppress the development of a drainage system during the rising and maximum stages, and encourage the development of an organized drainage system in the form of regularly spaced washouts during the falling period, and that this change in sea level from rising to falling therefore produced the large‐scale differences in barrier morphology. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Changhsingian sea level changes and brachiopod diversity in the upper Yangtze region

Sedimentary environment and distribution of brachiopods during the Changhsingian in Xingwen, Si-chuan Province of the upper Yangtze region, are statistically analyzed. Changing regularity in diversity of brachiopod is synthetically investigated based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of transgres-sion-regression cycles. The results show that the diversity of brachiopods in this region in the trans-gression (aggradation) sequence is higher than that in the regression (progradation) sequence. The brachiopods in this area began to diversify in the early Changhsingian. And the species diversity had four peak stages which are respectively in the middle Early Changhsingian, late Early Changhsingian, early Late Changhsingian and late Late Changhsingian. The species diversity reached its highest in the late Late Changhsingian but this is followed by a sharp decrease at the end-hanghsingian, indicating the mass extinction of most brachiopod species which were prosperous in the Late Paleozoic.     

全球及中国近海海平面变化趋势研究进展及展望

海平面变化是全球气候系统变化的一个组成部分,是环境变化的重要指标,也会影响沿海区域及岛屿的生态环境甚至存亡.全球海平面变化由海水质量变化和比容海平面变化构成.海水质量变化主要是由于两极冰盖和高山区的冰川融化流入海洋所致;比容海平面变化是由海水的温度和盐度变化所引起的,其中温度变化是最主要的因素.本文介绍了海平面变化各种监测技术的发展过程,并对海平面变化的研究现状进行了总结.所有研究成果均表明,近100多年以来,全球海平面一直处于上升态势;近几十年以来,海平面呈现加快上升并且越来越快的趋势.目前仍然存在一些问题:人们还没有完全掌握海平面变化规律,对未来海平面变化预测有较大不确定性;深海缺乏实测数据;厄尔尼诺—南方涛动(ENSO)的变化规律以及对海平面的影响;GRACE陆地与海洋信号无法完全分离以及GRACE与GRACE-FO之间的一致性分析等.这些问题都需要进一步开展研究.     

1994-2014年南极沿岸验潮站海平面绝对变化确定与分析

鉴于卫星测高技术在南极周边海域会受到海面浮冰影响,且在利用测高序列分析海平面周期性动态变化时还会受到潮汐周期混叠效应的影响,为此,本文开展了基于GPS和验潮数据联合的南极大陆附近海域从1994-2014年间海平面的绝对变化研究.研究结果显示：在围绕南极大陆及附近海域的15个验潮站中,海平面绝对变化速度最大的是Diego Ramirez验潮站,达到11.10±0.04 mm·a-1;在西南极南极半岛的德雷克海峡,海平面变化最为活跃,变化均值在8.31±0.05 mm·a-1;在东南极,从Syowa站依次到Casey站,海平面的绝对变化速度相对平稳,四个潮位站海平面变化均值为3.35±0.04 mm·a-1;在罗斯冰架右下侧的罗斯岛附近,由于冰川崩解入海导致Scott Base站处的海平面上升速度较快,达到了9.61±0.07 mm·a-1.综合15个验潮站计算结果可得南极半岛德雷克海峡和罗斯岛附近海域,海平面绝对变化速度要高于同期南大洋海平面绝对变化速度,而东南极4个潮位站海平面绝对变化均值则与其相当.这也进一步反映了南极不同海域间海平面变化的差异性,相比较于对南大洋海平面变化的一个整体研究,分区研究海平面变化更具针对性,能更好地了解南极不同区域冰盖、冰架崩解和消融的情况.     

High-frequency climatic oscillations recorded in a Holocene coral reef at Leizhou Peninsula, South China Sea

A detailed study of the Goniopora reef profile at Dengloujiao, Xuwen County, Leizhou Peninsula, the northern coast of the South China Sea suggests that a series of high-frequency, large-amplitude and abrupt cold events occurred during the Holocene Hypsithermal, an unusual phenomenon termed “Leizhou Events” in this paper. This period (corresponding to ¹⁴C age of 6.2-6.7 kaBP or calendar age of 6.7-7.2 kaBP), when the climatic conditions were ideal for coral reefs to develop, can be divided into at least nine stages. Each stage (or called a “climate optimum”), lasting about 20 to 50 a, was terminated by an abrupt cold nap and (or) a sea-level lowering event in winter, leading to widespread emergence and death of the Goniopora corals, and growth discontinuities on the coral surface. Such a cyclic process resulted in the creation of a >4m thick Goniopora reef flat. During this period, the crust subsided periodically but the sea level was rising. The reef profile provides valuable archives for the study of decadal-scale mid-Holocene climatic oscillations in the tropical area of South China. Our results provide new evidence for high-frequency climate instability in the Holocene Hypsithermal, and challenge the traditional understanding of Holocene climate.     

A projection of future changes in summer precipitation and monsoon in East Asia

The future potential changes in precipitation and monsoon circulation in the summer in East Asia are projected using the latest generation of coupled climate models under Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario (a medium emission scenario).The multi-model ensemble means show that during the period of 2010-2099,the summer precipitation in East Asia will increase and experience a prominent change around the 2040s,with a small increase (～1%) before the end of the 2040s and a large increase (～9%) afterward.This kind of two-stage evolution characteristic of precipitation change can be seen most clearly in North China,and then in South China and in the mid and lower Yangtze River Valley.In 2010-2099,the projected precipitation pattern will be dominated by a pattern of "wet East China" that explains 33.6% of EOF total variance.The corresponded time coefficient will markedly increase after the 2040s,indicating a great contribution from this mode to the enhanced precipitation across all East China.Other precipitation patterns that prevail in the current climate only contribute a small proportion to the total variance,with no prominent liner trend in the future.By the late 21st century,the monsoon circulation will be stronger in East Asia.At low level,this is due to the intensification of southwesterly airflow north of the anticyclone over the western Pacific and the SCS,and at high level,it is caused by the increased northeasterly airflow east of the anticyclone over South Asia.The enhanced monsoon circulation will also experience a two-stage evolution in 2010-2099,with a prominent increase (by ～0.6 m s-1) after the 2040s.The atmospheric water vapor content over East Asia will greatly increase (by ～9%) at the end of 21st century.The water vapor transported northward into East China will be intensified and display a prominent increase around the 2040s similar to other examined variables.These indicate that the enhanced precipitation over East Asia is caused by the increases in both monsoon circulation and water vapor,which is greatly different from South Asia.Both the dynamical and thermal dynamic variables will evolve consistently in response to the global warming in East Asia,i.e.,the intensified southwesterly monsoon airflow corresponding to the increased water vapor and southwesterly moisture transport.     

Sensitivity of sea ice and ocean simulations to sea ice salinity in a coupled global climate model

The impacts of the spatiotemporal variations of sea ice salinity on sea ice and ocean characteristics have not been studied in detail, as the existing climate models neglect or misrepresent this process. To address this issue, this paper formulated a parameterization with more realistic sea ice salinity budget, and examined the sensitivity of sea ice and ocean simulations to the ice salinity variations and associated salt flux into the ocean using a coupled global climate model. Results show that the inclus...     

Quantifying threats to groundwater resources in the Republic of Maldives Part I: Future rainfall patterns and sea‐level rise

Reserves of fresh groundwater on atoll islands are extremely fragile due to climatic and anthropogenic stresses. Of major concern is the quantity of water to be available in the coming decades under the influence of variable rainfall patterns, rising sea level, environmental conditions, and expected population growth that depends on groundwater resources. In this study, a 3‐dimensional numerical modelling approach using the SEAWAT modelling code is used to estimate freshwater lens volume fluctuation for 4 representative islands in the Republic of Maldives in response to long‐term changes in rainfall, sea‐level rise (SLR), and anthropogenic stresses such as groundwater pumping and short‐term impacts from tsunami‐induced marine overwash events. This work is divided into 2 papers. This first paper presents numerical model set‐up and calibration, and the effect of future rainfall patterns and SLR on fresh groundwater reserves. The second paper focuses on marine overwash events. The results of simulated future freshwater lens volume presented in the first study contribute to efficient groundwater resources planning and management for the Maldives in the upcoming decades. Freshwater lenses in small atoll islands (area < 0.6 km²) are shown to have a strong variability trends in the upcoming decades with expected reduction in lens volume between 11% and 36% due to SLR. In contrast, freshwater lenses in larger atoll islands (area > 1.0 km²) are shown to have less variability to changing patterns with expected reduction in lens volume between 8% and 26% due to SLR. Study results can provide water resource managers with valuable findings for consideration in water security measures.     

全新世以来东北地区沼泽湿地发育过程及其对气候变化的响应

沼泽湿地是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,在维护区域环境稳定中起着重要作用.随着社会经济的发展,人类活动导致湿地大面积退化和消失,严重影响了区域生态安全;恢复退化湿地已成为各国政府和学者关注的焦点.而了解历史时期沼泽湿地发育过程及影响因素则是建立合理湿地恢复目标的重要前提.东北地区是我国最大的沼泽湿地集中分布区,其中70%的湿地面临不同程度的退化威胁;但由于数据的缺乏,东北地区沼泽湿地发育过程及其与气候变化的关系仍不清楚.基于此,本研究系统分析了全新世以来东北地区沼泽湿地形成发育的动态变化过程,并探讨了东北地区不同区域沼泽湿地的发育规律及其对气候变化的响应机理.研究发现东北地区沼泽湿地约从12 ka（1 ka=1000 cal.）开始发育,在距今8.6 ka以后开始广泛形成,约有35%的沼泽湿地形成于全新世暖湿期（8.0-4.0 ka）;而沼泽湿地发育的高峰期则集中在全新世晚期.这种发育趋势与全球北方主要区域沼泽湿地大规模发育趋势显著不同.古气候重建表明,全新世早期东北地区气候温暖湿润,处在有利于沼泽发育的时期,促进了沼泽湿地的形成;而在全新世晚期,东北地区呈现冷湿的气候组合特征,冷湿的气候条件不利于有机质的分解,进而促进了沼泽湿地的大规模形成和发育.此外,研究结果也表明全新世以来东北地区不同区域沼泽湿地发育的时间和规模呈现显著的空间差异,而温度和降水则是影响不同区域沼泽湿地发育的最重要因素.本研究将为我国东北地区沼泽湿地的保护和恢复提供一定的理论和数据支持.     

Future evolution of a tidal inlet due to changes in wave climate, Sea level and lagoon morphology (Óbidos lagoon, Portugal)

Tidal inlets are extremely dynamic, as a result of an often delicate balance between the effects of tides, waves and other forcings. Since the morphology of these inlets can affect navigation, water quality and ecosystem dynamics, there is a clear need to anticipate their evolution in order to promote adequate management decisions. Over decadal time scales, the position and size of tidal inlets are expected to evolve with the conditions that affect them, for instance as a result of climate change. A process-based morphodynamic modeling system is validated and used to analyze the effects of sea level rise, an expected shift in the wave direction and the reduction of the upper lagoon surface area by sedimentation on a small tidal inlet (Óbidos lagoon, Portugal). A new approach to define yearly wave regimes is first developed, which includes a seasonal behavior, random inter-annual variability and the possibility to extrapolate trends. Once validated, this approach is used to produce yearly time series of wave spectra for the present and for the end of the 21st century, considering the local rotation trends computed using hindcast results for the past 57 years. Predictions of the mean sea level for 2100 are based on previous studies, while the bathymetry of the upper lagoon for the same year is obtained by extrapolation of past trends. Results show, and data confirm, that the Óbidos lagoon inlet has three stable configurations, largely determined by the inter-annual variations in the wave characteristics. Both sea level rise and the reduction of the lagoon surface area will promote the accretion of the inlet. In contrast, the predicted rotation of the wave regime, within foreseeable limits, will have a negligible impact on the inlet morphology.     

Constraining Holocene sea levels using U‐Th ages of phreatic overgrowths on speleothems from coastal caves in Mallorca (Western Mediterranean)

Phreatic overgrowths on speleothems (POS) are carbonate formations deposited at the water table of caves in unique karstic coastal settings having morphologies that can be directly related to sea level at the time of formation. The U‐Th ages of calcite and aragonite overgrowths collected from the modern water table in coastal caves on Mallorca (Cova de Cala Varques A and Cova des Pas de Vallgornera) were determined using high‐precision MC‐ICPMS techniques. U‐Th ages indicate that phreatic carbonate deposition occurred between ca 2·8 and at least 0·6 ka BP and are in accord with an archeologically estimated age of 3·7–3·0 ka BP for a drowned prehistoric construction at a depth of 1 m below current sea level in a cave from the same area. Speleothem δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O and chemical composition of cave pools provide supportive evidence that POS reflect mixing between seawater and brackish water table. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

尼罗河三角洲早—中全新世气候—环境变化对早期农业发展的影响

对尼罗河三角洲平原东北部一个古埃及文化遗址(Kom El-Khilgan)1.5 m长的沉积物剖面KH1开展14C测年、沉积物粒度和孢粉分析.根据岩性、粒度和测年等结果综合判定:剖面150~100 cm地层为早全新世河流相沉积;100~27 cm地层为早、中全新世(8000—4000 cal a BP)三角洲冲积平原沉积,其中涵盖了古埃及前王朝至古王国时期(6500—4131cal a BP)的人类活动信息;27~0 cm为现代表土层.孢粉分析结果反映了在距今8000~4000 a期间:1)研究区气候由湿润过渡为温和,最后趋于干旱;2)随着气候变干,尼罗河上游水文变化对三角洲环境影响减小,研究区由沼泽湿地逐渐过渡为干草甸环境,更多的土地可以被人类利用;3)常被用来指示农业活动的35μm禾本科、陶器碎片和炭屑的出现并逐渐增加,表明该遗址附近的人类农业活动始于距今6500 a左右,并持续至距今4000 a前后.上述证据表明尼罗河三角洲全新世早—中期湿润向干旱过渡的气候驱动了人类农业活动的开展.本研究为进一步探讨尼罗河三角洲古文明对环境适应性研究提供了科学依据.     

Apparent dynamic stability of the southeast African coast despite sea level rise

The coast of southeast Africa is dominated by sandy beaches that tend to be confined within log‐spiral or headland‐bound embayments. Investigations using serendipitous air imagery data set have been previously undertaken and conclusions drawn about the stability of the coast. We show that conclusions drawn from this data, with respect to the high water mark (HWM) position are fraught with errors, which include tidal state, pressure regime, beach slope, high‐swell erosion, seasonal and multi‐annual changes. We highlight and discuss these sources of error, together with their magnitudes. The most significant of these are the high‐swell, seasonal and multi‐annual variations. From case studies we show that the seasonal beach rotation and long‐term beach width variation are responsible for tens of metres of unaccounted HWM variation, 30 to 50 m is common, with maximums reaching 60 to 100 m. Overall the southeast African coastline appears to be in a state of long‐term dynamic equilibrium. There is no evidence of any sea‐level rise‐forced transgression in the coastal sediment budget, despite sea‐level rise (SLR). If such a signal is, in fact present, it is lost within the beach width variation. Some southeast African coastal reaches are suffering chronic erosion, but these are related to anthropogenic impacts. The extreme difficulty of placing a HWM, with any temporal validity on this coast precludes the routine use of the Bruun Rule. Although no transgressive signature is found, there is evidence of a decreasing coastal sand budget as a result of anthropogenic or natural climate change, or both. This decrease in the coastal sand volume is likely to result in increased future erosion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modelling the effect of Pliocene–Quaternary changes in sea level on stable and tectonically active land masses

A mathematical model was used to examine the effect of Pliocene and Quaternary changes in sea level on the development of tectonically active and inactive rock coasts. The model calculated rates of mechanical wave erosion according to such factors as the deep water wave regime, bottom topography and surface roughness, and the resistance of the rocks. Subaerial terraces were truncated or eliminated by subsequent terrace formation at lower elevations, especially on steeply sloping landmasses experiencing slow rates of uplift. Submarine terraces formed during glacial stillstands were best preserved when rapid subsidence quickly carried them below the level of wave action. On slowly subsiding landmasses, submarine terraces formed during interglacials and glacial periods experienced repeated erosional modification during subsequent periods of rising and falling sea level and were generally less distinctive. On rapidly rising or subsiding (>5 mm yr^‐1) landmasses, terraces that formed during interglacial stages alternated, above and below present sea level, with terraces formed during glacial stages. Despite some differences in terrace occurrence and elevational distribution, it may be difficult to distinguish profiles cut during accelerating or decelerating uplift. The amount of erosion during sea level oscillations increases with oscillation amplitude and the larger oscillations in the middle to late Quaternary were therefore more conducive to erosion than the smaller oscillations of the Pliocene and early Quaternary. The effect of oscillation amplitude may have been countered during the earlier stages of profile development, however, by steeper submarine gradients and reduced rates of wave attenuation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Counting chronology and climate records with about 1000 annual layers of a Holocene stalagmite from the Water Cave in Liaoning Province, Chinaannual layers of a Holocene stalagmite from the Water Cave in Liaoning Province, China

One active stalagmite from the Water Cave in Liaoning Province contains growth layers of three sizes. Based on thermal ionization mass spectrometry ²³⁰Th dating, we found that middle size layers are annual layers, with each middle layer consisting of one narrow dark layer and a wide bright layer. The small layers within middle layers are sub-annual layers and the large layers are multi-year layers. Based on the layer-counting method, we established a high-resolution time scale for layer thickness. Our results reveal two dramatic century-scale climate cycles over the past 1000 years in this region.     

梵净山九龙池沉积物氮同位素组成与全新世气候演变过程

湖泊沉积物氮同位素(δ¹⁵N)在古环境、古气候变化方面有着指示气候干湿变化的重要作用,但目前学界对于δ¹⁵N记录作为气候代用指标所指示的气候干湿变化特征仍缺乏深入探索。本文以贵州省梵净山九龙池湖泊沉积物为研究对象,分析并探讨δ¹⁵N所记录的梵净山地区气候干湿变化过程与特征,并结合总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)和碳氮比值(C/N)数据进行对比研究,结果表明:(1)由于九龙池湖泊沉积物有机质受流域输入影响,气候湿润时,陆生植物增多,土壤湿度增大,外源输入对湖泊沉积物有机质影响增大,沉积物δ¹⁵N值偏负;气候干旱时,陆生植物减少,土壤湿度降低,外源输入对湖泊沉积物有机质影响减小,沉积物δ¹⁵N值偏正;(2)九龙池湖泊沉积物δ¹⁵N记录很好地揭示了梵净山地区全新世的气候干湿变化过程,即早期(11.5—9.2 ka B.P.)亚洲夏季风增强,气候从干旱期向湿润期转变,中期(9.2—3.0 ka B.P.)亚洲夏季风强盛,气候整体处于湿润期,晚期(3.0—2.2 k...     

横断山区贡卡湖记录的晚全新世区域水文变化及其与印度夏季风的联系

印度夏季风(ISM)是全球季风系统的重要组成部分,其异常变化会对我国西南地区的生态环境和社会经济带来巨大影响。晚全新世是距离当下最近的地质历史时段,了解晚全新世以来ISM变化及其对区域水文的影响历史与规律,对预测我国西南地区未来的季风降水变化具有重要的参考价值。本文选择位于横断山区且对ISM变化响应敏感的高山湖泊贡卡湖(海拔3529 m)为研究对象,在湖泊中心获取204.5 cm的连续高质量沉积岩芯(GK20B钻孔),利用陆生植物残体AMS¹⁴C测年方法建立了过去3300年来可靠的地层年代序列。通过开展XRF元素扫描、烧失量、总有机碳氮(TOC、TN)及有机碳同位素(δ¹³C_org)等气候与环境代用指标的分析测试,重建了贡卡湖距今3300年以来的水文变化历史。研究结果显示,贡卡湖泥炭与湖相沉积互层的沉积结构与对应的代用指标变化共同揭示了湖泊水位波动,贡卡湖的水位自晚全新世以来整体呈现降低的趋势,响应了在北半球不断减弱的夏季太阳辐射驱动下ISM强度的衰退过程。同时湖泊水位指示的ISM强度存在着百年时间尺度的波动,这可能与地...     

Oscillation characteristics of summer precipitation in the Huaihe River valley and relevant climate background

Based on the summer precipitation data from the Huaihe River valley and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 1922 to 2007,we analyzed the interannual and interdecadal oscillation and probability distribution characteristics of summer precipitation in the Huaihe River valley during the same period,using the wavelet transform and generalized extreme distribution methods.Whereby,we studied the climate background of East Asia Summer Monsoon (EASM),Sea Surface Temperature (SST),East Asia teleco...     

21世纪以来泛北极湖泊水位变化时空特征及原因探讨

在全球气候变暖和极端气候事件增加的背景下,流域水文循环过程受到的影响越来越强烈,导致湖泊水位变化表现出复杂的时空特征。而泛北极地区是地球上湖泊数量与面积分布最为集中的区域之一,该地区湖泊对气候变化响应非常敏感。因此,了解这些湖泊近期水文变化特征十分必要。本研究共搜集了36个泛北极大型湖泊(>500 km²)基于遥感或站点观测的近20年水位数据,分析其时空变化特征。本文使用线性回归模型来估算湖泊水位的变化趋势,进而利用皮尔逊相关分析了其主要水文影响变量和大气环流机制,并运用Mann-Kendall突变检验法探讨了水位突变的原因。结果表明,泛北极湖泊的水位整体上呈现不同程度上升(平均速率为0.013 m/a),有23个(64%)湖泊的水位呈上升趋势;研究湖泊中有10个通过90%统计显著性检验。其中,水位上升速率最大的湖泊是位于哈萨克斯坦的腾吉兹湖,上升速率为0.078 m/a。泛北极湖泊水位的波动主要与径流有关,有19个(53%)湖泊的水位波动与径流的增加更为相关;相比而言,位于亚洲的极地湖泊水位的上升与流域蒸发的降低显著相关,尤其是库苏古尔湖。从区域大气环流影响来看,泛北极湖泊水位变化主要与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动有关,其次是北极涛动和北大西洋涛动。本研究有助于加深对泛北极湖泊近20年水位变化规律及气候影响特征的科学理解。