96孔酶标板法测定对虾血淋巴的过氧化物酶相对活性的初步研究

过过氧氧化化物物酶酶（（ＰＰＯＯＤＤ））广广泛泛存存在在于于真真核核生生物物体体内内 ,,在在清清除除自自由由基基 ((ＯＯ - - )) ,,防防止止生生物物分分子子损损伤伤方方面面有有十十分分重重要要的的作作用用。。因因此此通通过过测测量量对对虾虾血血淋淋巴巴的的过过氧氧化化物物酶酶活活性性大大小小可可以以推推测测对对虾虾的的生生理理状状态态 ,,甚甚至至可可用用其其辅辅助助检检测测或或诊诊断断对对虾虾病病害害的的生生理理指指标标。。丁丁美美丽丽等等采采用用改改良良的的连连苯苯三三酚酚自自氧化化法法测测定定中…     

丽文蛤血清中外源凝集素的凝集性能

丽丽文文蛤蛤（（ＭＭｅｅｒｒｅｅｔｔｒｒｉｉｘｘｌｌｕｕｓｓｏｏｒｒｉｉａａ））属属瓣瓣鳃鳃纲纲 ,,帘帘蛤蛤科科 ,,文文蛤蛤属属。。是是沿沿海海滩滩涂涂养养殖殖的的主主要要品品种种之之一一 ,,内内含含丰丰富富的的蛋蛋白白质质。。具具有有高高营营养养、、易易养养殖殖的的优优势势。。但但随随着着丽丽文文蛤蛤养养殖殖的的连连年年持持续续 ,,其其病病害害的的发发生生率率正正逐逐年年提提高高。。而而凝凝集集素素作作为为软软体体动动物物体体内内参参与与体体液液免免疫疫的的重重要要免免疫疫因因子子 ,,其其在在免免…     

月华丸（胶囊）对耐多药结核分枝杆菌感染后细胞自噬的影响

目的：研究月华胶囊对耐多药结核分枝杆菌感染后细胞自噬的影响,以探寻其可能的抗耐多药结核分枝杆菌作用机制。方法：以月华胶囊含药血清作用于耐多药结核分枝杆菌感染的小鼠单核巨噬细胞（RAW264.7）,观察其对感染后细胞自噬的影响。实验分组：①阴性对照组（耐多药结核分枝杆菌+小鼠单核巨噬细胞）;②月华胶囊含药血清组;③月华胶囊含药血清+自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤（3-MA）组;④阳性对照雷帕霉素组;⑤正常空白组。指标检测：在透视电镜下观察月华胶囊含药血清对耐多药结核分枝杆菌感染的小鼠单核巨噬细胞（RAW264.7）自噬体出现和形成的影响。结果：透射电镜显示,阴性对照组、空白对照组和自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤组中均未见自噬小体;10%月华胶囊含药血清组及阳性对照雷帕霉素组可见自噬小体的出现和形成。结论：月华胶囊含药血清对耐多药结核分枝杆菌感染小鼠单核巨噬细胞（RAW264.7）自噬有促进作用,通过诱导巨噬细胞自噬杀灭结核分枝杆菌可能是月华胶囊抗结核、抗耐多药结核的机制之一。     

虾池两种常用消毒剂对微绿球藻生长与代谢的影响

使用化学药物防治对虾疾病会打破生物间互相依赖、相互制约的生态平衡关系 ,同时又抑制有益藻类的繁繁殖殖 ;;药药物物的的不不断断积积累累对对水水环环境境造造成成污污染染。。养养殖殖过过程程中中大大多多数数对对虾虾疾疾病病的的发发生生与与水水环环境境因因子子有有密密切切关关系系。。生生态态防防病病的的应应用用是是对对虾虾养养殖殖可可持持继继发发展展的的前前提提 ,,养养殖殖生生态态系系统统应应该该具具有有合合理理的的生生物物组组成成和和优优化化环环境境的的功功能能 ,,其其生生态态系系稳稳定定性性在在很很大大…     

海藻中稀土元素的初步研究

于１９９６年３月地岛海区采集了８种常见海藻,采用中子活化法（ＰＣＡ－Ⅱ／ＮＡＡ）测定了其中的Ｌａ、Ｓｍ、Ｃｅ、Ｅｕ、Ｌｕ、Ｎｄ、Ｓｃ、Ｙｂ等８种稀土元素的总含量及其水溶性成分的比例,并与国外报道的相关数据作了比较。结果表明,海藻中含有比陆地植物丰富得多的稀土元素,绿藻中的石莼,刺松藻含量最丰,     

文蛤(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus)外套膜的组织学与组织化学研究

利用组织学和组织化学染色方法对文蛤外套膜进行了研究。结果表明 ,文蛤外套膜具有双壳贝类外套膜的典型结构特征 ,即由中央膜与边缘膜组成 ,边缘膜具有 3个突起。组织结构包括内外上皮层、结缔组织与肌纤维。不同部位的外套膜 ,其上皮细胞的形态结构、结缔组织与肌纤维含量等有差异。上皮细胞与结缔组织中分布有几种不同类型的粘液分泌细胞。组织化学研究结果显示 ,缘膜突起上皮细胞内含有丰富的糖类。分泌细胞内含物中含有丰富的糖类和少量的 RNA,同时在分泌细胞检测到较强的 ACP酶活性     

富钴结壳中矿物组成对稀土元素分布的制约

为探讨富钴结壳中矿物组成对稀土元素分布的制约,对约翰斯顿岛富钴结壳中矿物组成及稀土元素特征进行了研究。依据主要矿物组成,富钴结壳可以分为3种类型,分别命名为A、B、C。由A到C,水羟锰矿含量逐渐降低,B类中磷灰石含量最高,C类中水钠锰矿和钙锰矿含量最高。A类结壳中富集REE3+、Ce,B类结壳中富集Ce和Y。A类富钴结壳中,REE3+、Y以专属吸附的方式富集在铁氧化物上,Ce3+氧化成Ce4+与其他REE分离,吸附在锰矿物上。B类结壳中,稀土元素主要以独立矿物的形式存在,另有部分Ce、LREE3+吸附于铁相中,部分Y存在于磷灰石中。C类结壳中,稀土元素主要赋存在锰矿物中,部分Y存在于磷灰石中。     

麦哲伦海山区MD、ME、MF海山富钴结壳特征

麦哲化海山区MD、ME、MF海山具有三层构造的结壳特征，研究表明，结壳可分为上部较致密层、中部疏松层、下部致密层。致密层构造单一，含很少脉石矿物；疏松层构造杂乱，含有大量脉石矿物；较致密层介于两者之间，壳层矿物有锰相矿物（主要为水羟锰矿）、铁相矿物和次要矿物（粘土矿物、钙十字沸石、石英、方解石、磷灰石等）。不同壳层地球化学特征具有明显差异性，Ce异常表明在结壳从下层到上层的生长过程中，环境的氧化性逐渐减弱，结壳^10Be测年结果表明，疏松层的生长速率最大，其次为致密层，较致密层的生长速率最小。推测区的最老的结壳的生长年代为中新世晚期，在4Ma以前，区内水动力条件很弱，氧化性较强；4－3．1MaBP水动力条件较强，氧化性较弱；2．6MaBP以来，水动力条件为强－弱波动期，氧化性较弱。     

营养海味佳品——鱿鱼干

鱿鱼干是由新鲜的海生柔鱼和枪乌贼干制而成的,它口感鲜嫩,营养丰富,被誉为海味珍品。早在几千年前,我国古书中就记载“柔鱼与乌贼相似,但无骨尔,越人重之”。据测定,鱿鱼干的可食部分达95%,比同类鱼产品墨鱼干多13%;蛋白质含量每百克达65.9%。比墨鱼干多27.8克;含热量316千卡,比墨鱼干高42千卡;鱿鱼干还含有碳水化     

褐藻酸丙二酯的试制

褐藻酸丙二酯(Propylene glycol alginate)是褐藻酸的衍生物，由褐藻酸与环氧丙烷合成。1950年左右由美国克尔柯(Kelco)公司试制成功，1960年前后日本在这方面作了更进一步的研究，并作为商品在市场出售。它呈粉末状，无毒性，易溶于水，水溶液有一定的粘度，对酸、盐及各种金属离子等均较稳定，又因其本身有一定的亲水基及亲油基，     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.