等密度慢性硬膜下血肿的诊断

４例等密度慢性硬膜下血肿，在ＣＴ扫描下未发现病灶影，仅显示出中到右侧脑室因受压移位，核磁共振提供了诊断所需的参考证据。建议对硬膜下血肿应采用核磁共振为常规检查手段。     

颅脑外伤分类的CT特征

本文目的在于进一步提高对多种颅脑损伤的认识水平。所用材料和方法为本组１３５例,男９８例,女３７例,年龄４＿７７岁,平均年龄２４．８３岁。车祸伤９３例,跌伤２８例,击伤１４伤,１０１例有昏迷史,全部病例均作头颅ＣＴ轴位平扫。从相互伴发的多种颅脑损伤的角度,详细分析了它们的ＣＴ表现。结果得到了１３５例中,有多种类型颅脑损伤１３３例,单纯脑挫裂伤２例;硬膜外血肿１０４例,合并同一部位骨折７５例,占７２．１５％,合并脑挫裂伤占７０．３７％;硬膜下血肿２０例,位于外力对冲部位１５例．占７５％,合并脑挫伤裂伤１２例,其中１１例邻近硬膜下血肿;外伤后２小时内ＣＴ检查,并于外伤后４小时至５天内ＣＴ复查４７例,发现病变进展３８例,占８０．９５％。结论为硬膜外血肿多伴同部位骨折;在硬膜外血肿中,伴发的脑挫裂伤多位于对冲部位;硬膜下血肿多发生于对冲部位;颅脑损伤后,短期内病变可能会继续发展。     

外伤性迟发性颅内血肿的CT诊断

为了及早诊治外伤性颅内迟发性颅内血肿,研究外伤性迟发性颅内血肿的ＣＴ表现、ＣＴ随访价值。方法：在１２０例颅脑外伤患者中行ＣＴ随访检查。结果：通过ＣＴ复查,３２例发现有迟发性颅内血肿。其中硬膜外血肿１６例,硬膜下血肿１２例,颅内血肿４例。大约８０％的血肿在外伤后３天内出现。结论：外伤后３天内积极ＣＴ复查能及早发现迟发颅内血肿。即使开初ＣＴ扫描正常者,如病人的临床症状体征有改变,应立即行ＣＴ复查。     

颅脑外伤的CT诊断

本文对３０２例颅脑外伤进行了分析，其小脑挫裂伤６１例（２０．２％），硬膜下血肿４９例（１６．２％）硬膜外血肿４３例（１４．２％），复合血肿４１例（１３．６％）。作者认为颅脑外伤是一种常见且危害性极大的疾患，无创伤性的ＣＴ扫描诊断则有定位，定性、定量准确之优点，可给临床治疗提供准确依据，从而减少了手术或其它不合理的治疗。     

弥漫性轴索损伤的CT诊断

目的：进一步加深对弥漫性轴索损伤（DAI）临床及CT表现的认识，提高诊断水平，方法：搜集32例DAI的临床及CT资料进行回顾性分析。结果：32例DAI的CT表现为弥漫性脑肿胀32例，脑实质内出血灶23例，呈单发或多发，直径小于2cm，主要分布于皮髓质交界，胼胝低，基底节区和脑干，蛛网膜下腔出血15例，脑室内出血7例，合并硬膜下／外血肿8例，颅骨骨折7例，结论：DAI的临床与CT表现特点，对早期正确诊断具有重要意义。     

CT扫描在腹部实质性脏器损伤中的作用

目的：进一步提高对腹部实质性器官损伤的CT表现的认识水平，方法：56例经临床、手术证实的腹部外伤患者，男43例，女13例，年龄7－58岁，平均年龄23．2岁，全部行中上腹部CT平扫。结果：56例中，脾挫裂伤23例，脾包膜下血肿5例，脾内血肿4例；肝挫裂伤并包膜下血肿4例，肝内血肿3例：肝脾破裂并包膜下血肿5例，肾挫裂伤2例，肾包膜下血肿3例，肾内血肿3例，胰腺挫伤1例，肾上腺挫伤2例。结论：CT平均对腹部实质性器官的损伤有重要作用，肝实质局限性受压是包膜下血肿与腹腔积血的较为特征性征象。     

胼胝体非出血性损伤的CT/MRI和临床表现

目的提高对胼胝体非出血性损伤的影像诊断水平和临床表现认识.材料与方法回顾性分析8例胼胝体非出血性损伤的临床和MRI表现.全部病例均进行了CT和MRI非增强检查,检查时间外伤后半小时至3天不等.结果所有病例的胼胝体损伤灶在CT图像上均未见明显密度异常.MRI上表现为T1WI低或稍低信号,T2WI上高信号,FLAIR序列上呈明显高信号.病灶位于胼胝体膝部4例,胼胝体压部2例,胼胝体嘴部1例,胼胝体广泛性损伤1例.8例中都合并有1处以上的胼胝体外其他部位的颅内损伤,包括多发性脑挫伤、脑内血肿、硬膜下或硬膜外血肿、蛛网膜下腔出血等.2例有MRI复查资料.结论 MRI是胼胝体非出血性损伤最佳的影像学检查手段,明显优于CT,不仅对较小和轻微的挫伤敏感,而且能多方位地显示病变,为临床制定治疗方案提供依据.     

亚急性脑内血肿CT诊断

本文收集了１５例亚急性脑内血肿病例,就其病理演变,ＣＴ表现作了具体分析,指出亚急性脑内血肿ＣＴ诊断应密切结合临床,特殊病例需做ＭＲ确诊。     

相关硬脑膜改变对脑膜瘤诊断和临床治疗的价值

本文论述了相关硬膜改变对脑膜瘤诊断和临床治疗上的价值,认为硬膜改变为脑膜的特征性ＣＴ改变,并对鉴别诊断和临床手术治疗提供依据。值得加以推广。     

论外部性脑积水的临床和CT诊断

随医学影像学的发展，本病已非少见疾病，笔者就所收集的８０例，对本病的某些问题作进一步讨论本病的ＣＴ诊断，国内外尚无统一标准。额顶区蛛网膜下腔扩大作为本病主要诊断依据，暂定为６ｍｍ，作为诊断参考，正确认识本病的重要意义在于鉴别于脑萎缩，以及硬膜下积液，与文献材料一致，本病以原发性者居多（６７／８０），而继发性者，本组病例中以化脓性脑膜炎为多见。强调对本病的诊断，不能以有无头围增大作为主要诊断依据，本     

Localization of Branchial Enzymes and their Significance in the Detection of Crude Oil Toxicity in Colisa fasciatus

The effect of crude oil on the histochemical localization of branchial enzymes CA, SDH, LDH, Alkpase and Acidpase was investigated in Colisa fasciatus. The activity of all the enzymes experimented here was found to have decreased when treated with the lethal solutions of crude oil except the LDH which showed an increasing trend throughout the experiment. A transitory increase in the CA and SDH was observed in the beginning but reached an almost normal level after 48 h in 1000 ppm. On the basis of sensitiveness towards crude oil toxicity, the enzymes have been arranged in the following order: LDH > SDH > CA > Alkpase > Acidpase. The results suggest that crude oil is capable of impairing the enzyme activity. The decreased or increased level of enzymes may be used as an indicator for assessing the toxicity of oil pollutants.     

重庆地震台网双链路备份传输方案及成效

简要对比DDN、SDH光纤、卫星和无线CDMA等几种通讯方式的优缺点,介绍重庆区域测震台网所使用的传输方案,即以SDH光纤传输为主、无线CDMA为辅的双链路备份传输方案。重点介绍该传输方案的原理和实施方法,详细讲述台站及台网中心的路由配置和相关说明。通过在重庆市区域测震台网的运行,结果发现,传输效果较理想,测震台网台站运行率均达到98%以上,证明了该方案应用的可行性。     

吉林省数字化测震台网建设

“十五”期间吉林省地震局建成了由1个区域台网中心,36个数字化地震台站组成的测震观测台网和火山观测台网。应用SDH光纤实现数据实时传输,有效提高了吉林省区域地震监测、应急速报能力,填补了吉林省数字化测震台网的空白。     

辽宁地震信息网络通讯线路的设计与实施

从辽宁省地震局信息网络建设的实际需求出发,采用层次化设计方法,将通讯线路分为三层:即区域中心、汇聚层和台站。各层之间采用2MSDH传输电路实现层间连接,通过路由器的配置来保证数据流的畅通,实现了全网互联互通。本文介绍了辽宁地震信息网络通讯线路的设计与实施过程。     

测震数据实时备份与灾备处理中心建设

以江苏省测震台网为例,介绍灾备处理中心数据传输方法、系统框架、子系统建设关键以及存在的问题和解决方案,并对运行效果给予评价。江苏省测震台网采用SDH/MSTP有线专线和4G无线网络同步实时传输方式建立备份信道,原主信道数据由数采以太网口采集,备份信道数据由数采串口采集,从而实现测震数据的实时备份。现已建成溧阳地震台灾备处理中心,部署实时波形汇集交换、数据存储备份、自动速报、人工速报和信息发布、运行监控5个子系统,确保地震监测系统安全稳定运行。     

Effect of Parthenium Extract on the Metabolism of Young Colisa Fasciatus (BL. and SCHN.) (Pisces,Perciformes)

Parthenium hysterophorus seed extract possesses the potentiality to alter the fish metabolism. Lower concentrations (sublethal) of the seed extract stimulate the respiratory muscles, resulting in an increased rate of O₂ uptake, whereas higher concentrations (lethal) exhibit a neuro-toxic effect causing paralysis of the respiratory muscles manifested by a decreased rate of O₂ uptake, cessation of the respiratory pumps and casualty by asphyxiation. The seed extract also inhibits the activity of the enzymes SDH and carbonic anhydrase at the gas exchange sites. The log/log plotting of the O₂ uptake (mg/h) and the exposure period (2, 6, 12, 24, 72 and 168 h) showed slope values of 0.0744, 0.0778, 0.0322 and 0.0164, respectively, in four concentrations (10, 20, 25 and 30 %) of Parthenium extract.     

广东地震台网台站数据传输质量对比分析

根据广东地震台网(下简称广东台网)台站数据传输采用多种方式的现状,统计和分析了2009年1月1日至2014年12月31日期间44个台站的数据传输质量。阐述了6种传输方式的基本原理,分析了各种传输方式的质量和产生断记的原因,提出如何解决传输过程中所遇到的各种问题。从信号的传输质量、运维成本、地震速报和未来地震预警需求等多方面着手,分析总结了各种传输方式的优劣,为提高台网运行率和台站数据传输质量,提出了"以SDH为主、多种传输方式并存"传输方式。     

Allozyme genotypes and tolerance to copper stress in Hediste diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae)

This study analysed the occurrence of genotypic shifts in laboratory populations of Hediste diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae) exposed to copper stress. Specimens of H. diversicolor were collected at three sites, up to 10 km apart, in the estuarine area of the Pialassa lagoons (North Adriatic Sea, Italy) and were used in acute toxicity tests. Specimens were assigned to copper exposure (0.34 mg/l Cu2+) or control conditions. Each combination of Treatment and Site was replicated in two tanks containing 35 specimens of H. diversicolor. The genotypic structure of both dead and survived specimens was analysed by allozyme electrophoresis at six loci (ALD, FH, HBDH LDH, PGI, SDH). Under copper exposure, specimens with the genotypes ALD100/100 and PGI102/102 had significantly lower mortalities than other genotypes Results were consistent across the three sites, suggesting that, under laboratory conditions, effects of copper stress on H. diversicolor is related to individual genotypes at ALD and PGI loci.     

EROD activity, serum SDH and PAH biliary metabolites in sand flathead (Platycephalus bassensis) collected in Port Phillip Bay, Australia

In order to evaluate the health status of fish inhabiting Port Phillip Bay, Australia, southern sand flathead (Platycephalus hassensis, N = 133) were collected at six stations throughout the Bay. Fish had a similar serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activity level (p = 0.12), indicating that they were not experiencing hepatocellular injuries. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was generally lower in the non-urbanized and non-industrialized southern part of the Bay. The highest EROD activity was observed in Hobson Bay, the closest station from Melbourne city. Naphthalene-type biliary metabolites were also highest in Hobson Bay with intermediate levels found in Corio Bay where refineries are present. An opposite trend was observed with the pyrene-type bile metabolites, the highest levels being observed in Corio Bay while intermediate levels were found in Hobson Bay. The ratio of naphthalene-type to benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P)-type metabolites indicate that relatively to other sites sampled in Port Phillip Bay, Corio Bay is subjected to enriched petroleum hydrocarbons of pyrolytic origin. Temporal trends indicate that the availability of xenobiotics to fish remained unchanged over the 1990s.     

山西夏县中心地震台温泉水化学特征

采集夏县中心地震台温泉水及周边水点样品进行水化学组分特征分析。利用矩形图、Na-K-Mg三角图等方法,初步分析温泉水的水质类型、水-岩平衡状态、热储温度以及循环深度等,并结合氢氧同位素组成特征,初步分析温泉水补给来源。研究表明,夏县中心地震台温泉水化类型属于Na-Cl·SO₄型,水-岩反应属于部分成熟水,热储温度为148.8℃,循环深度为3.91 km,补给源主要为大气降水,温泉为断裂型温泉。以上结果可为该台流体异常分析提供基础研究资料,为夏县地区水化研究奠定基础。