Study on the urban transport and land-use of Guangzhou

Thefastpaceofeconomicgrowth,urbanpopula-tiongrowthandfamily-incomeincreasesincel978hastriggeredaboomofcarownershipandusage.ThishasbeenaccompaniedbyincreasingtrafficdemandofGuangzhouandthetransportland-useincreasedac-cordingly.Atthesametime,duetoacceleratedurbanizationandsharpincreaseofresidential,businessandindustriallanduseaswellastheirexpansiontowardtheperipheryofthecity,theconflictbetweenlanduseandtraffcdemandhasbeenmoreandmoreevident,whichmakesthisstudymeaningful.lDEVELOPMENTANDPATT…     

GIS-BASED ANALYSIS OF URBAN LAND-USE CHANGES—A Case Study of Haizhu District of Guangzhou City, China

This paper describes a GIS-based spatial analysis method that combines qualitative analysis and quantita-tive analysis to characterize land-use patterns and predict the trend of future land-use changes in Halzhu District ofGuangzhou City, China. Spatial technique is introduced to manage land-use data and derive information of land-usechanges. Through the case study for the selected area, it is demonstrated that the method and technique introduced in thepaper can be effectively utilized for the analysis of urban land-use changes. Based upon this analysis, the paper also pro-vides discussions and recommendation on urban land-use planning, urban planning and land management. Both land-usemaps of Haizhu District of Guangzhou in 1995 and 1997 and the remote sensing images of 1999 are utilized in the cur-rent research. It is convenient to get various statistic data and to combine attribute data with spatial data so as to analyzeland-use changes in a geographic context, which is especially suitable for the need of urban construction department, ur-ban management department and urban planning department.     

GIS-BASED ANALYSIS OF URBAN LAND-USE CHANGES——A Case Study of Haizhu District of Guangzhou City,China

１INTRODUCTIONMajorcharacteristicsofurbanizationinclude：ur－banconstructioniscontinuouslyspreading，thedemandforurbanlanduseisrapidlyswelling，andalotofa－griculturallandisconvertingintonon－agriculturalland．Whenthesecharacteristicsarereflectedinurbansys－tem，thedevelopingspeedsofbigcitiesandsupercitiesarequickening（CHEN，１９９９）．Basedonthecondi－tionofmarket，landresourcebearsthreetypesofvalueswhicharerespectivelysocialvalue，economicvalueandecologicalvalue．Theexternalexpressiv…     

京津冀都市圈城乡建设用地空间扩张特征分析

本文采用1990、2000、2006 年3 期多源影像数据、基础地理数据、DEM数据、社会经济统计数据及其他相关资料, 采用遥感信息提取GIS 空间分析及土地科学相关模型等综合研究方法, 首次提取近20 多年来京津冀都市圈城乡建设用地的空间信息(误差在10%以内), 并分析了城乡建设用地变化的幅度、速度、空间增长格局及其相关性。结果表明, 京津冀都市圈城乡建设用地总面积持续增加, 1990-2006 年, 建设用地年平均变化率为2.81%;建设用地年变化速率较大的地区是唐山、保定、石家庄, 大于全区平均变化率。京津冀都市圈城镇用地空间增长格局中, 70%左右的新增城镇用地分布在城中心40km范围内, 80%以上的新增建设用地集中在高速公路沿线20km范围内, 并且新增城镇用地呈现沿城市中心、高速公路向外扩张的趋势。城乡建设用地增长具有较为明显的集聚特征。它们为京津冀地区土地利用规划及生态环境研究提供一定的科学数据和决策借鉴。     

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT ON LAND—USE PLANNING—A Case Study of Changchun Economic and Technological Zone

The study centers on the necessity,the workflow and the synthetically integrated methods (Principal Compo-nent Analysis(PCA),Andytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) and Fuzzy Comprerhensive Evaluation(FCE)of strategic environ-ment assessment(SEA)on land-use planning.The whole article includes three main parts:firstly,some attribute database,graphic-base and the spatial transform matrix,which reflect the change of regional land-use pattern,can be ob-tained by GIS technique;secondly,adopting fitting method of trend-suface analysis will convert environment monitoring data from scattered spots to regular control spots,based on which we can perform regional environment impact assess-ment;finally,Changchun Economic and Technological Developmen Zone is chosen as a case study on land-use planning.Through those efforts the results may be obtained as follows:1)according to transform matrix,the possibility of transforma-tion from one land-use to another can be obtained after the planning is carried out;2)environment ruality would change as a result of the change of land-use pattern;3)the SEA on land-use plan is an effective tool to make land-use pattern more reasonable.     

STUDY ON THE SPATIAL PATTERNS OF LAND-USE CHANGE AND ANALYSES OF DRIVING FORCES IN NORTHEASTERN CHINA DURING 1990-2000

Land-use change is an important aspect of global environment change. It is, in a sense, the direct result of human activities influencing our physical environment. Supported by the dynamic serving system of national resources, including both the environment database and GIS technology, this paper analyzed the land-use change in northeastern China in the past ten years (1990–2000). It divides northeastern China into five land-use zones based on the dynamic degree (DD) of land-use: woodland/grassland — arable land conversion zone, dry land — paddy field conversion zone, urban expansion zone, interlocked zone of farming and pasturing, and reclamation and abandoned zone. In the past ten years, land-use change of northeastern China can be generalized as follows: increase of cropland area was obvious, paddy field and dry land increased by 74.9 and 276.0 thousand ha respectively; urban area expanded rapidly, area of town and rural residence increased by 76.8 thousand ha; area of forest and grassland decreased sharply with the amount of 1399.0 and 1521.3 thousand ha respectively; area of water body and unused land increased by 148.4 and 513.9 thousand ha respectively. Besides a comprehensive analysis of the spatial patterns of land use, this paper also discusses the driving forces in each land-use dynamic zones. The study shows that some key biophysical factors affect conspicuously the conversion of different land-use types. In this paper, the relationships between land-use conversion and DEM, accumulated temperature (⩾10°C) and precipitation were analysed and represented. We conclude that the land-use changes in northeast China resulted from the change of macro social and economic factors and local physical elements. Rapid population growth and management changes, in some sense, can explain the shaping of woodland/grassland — cropland conversion zone. The conversion from dry land to paddy field in the dry land — paddy field conversion zone, apart from the physical elements change promoting the expansion of paddy field, results from two reasons: one is that the implementation of market-economy in China has given farmers the right to decide what they plant and how they plant their crops, the other factor is originated partially from the change of dietary habit with the social and economic development. The conversion from paddy field to dry land is caused prmarily by the shortfall of irrigation water, which in turn is caused by poor water allocation management by local governments. The shaping of the reclamation and abandoned zone is partially due to the lack of environment protection consciousness among pioneer settlers. The reason for the conversion from grassland to cropland is the relatively higher profits of farming than that of pasturing in the interlocked zone of farming and pasturing. In northeastern China, the rapid expansion of built-up areas results from two factors: the first is its small number of towns; the second comes from the huge potential for expansion of existing towns and cities. It is noticeable that urban expansion in the northeastern China is characterized by gentle topographic relief and low population density. Physiognomy, transportation and economy exert great influences on the urban expansion. Foundation item: Under the auspices of Knowledge Innovation program Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX-2-308). Biography: LIU Ji-yuan (1947 - ), male, a native of Shanghai Municipality, professor, Director General of Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research interests include environment and resources, remote sensing and geography.     

耦合FLUS和Markov的快速发展城市土地利用空间格局模拟方法

模拟城市土地利用空间变化格局的研究,对未来区域规划以及实现可持续发展具有十分积极的作用。以往基于FLUS的研究栅格尺度较大,如何模拟快速发展中城市的复杂土地利用变化过程,挖掘土地利用变化驱动机制值得进一步探讨。本文构建了耦合FLUS和Markov的城市土地利用格局拟合框架,创新性地引入房价指标表征社会经济属性,以深圳为研究区,基于30 m空间分辨率小栅格尺度的土地利用分类数据和基础地理、路网河网、感兴趣点等多源空间变量,模拟不同发展情景下的未来城市土地利用空间格局,并通过随机森林进行土地利用变化驱动因素分析。研究结果表明:本文提出的耦合FLUS和Markov方法相较于传统CA模型（RFA-CA和Logistic-CA）精度更高（FoM=0.22）,能更准确地模拟快速发展中城市的土地利用变化过程;多情景土地利用格局制图结果验证了城市发展过程中生态控制线的重要性,进一步说明本文拟合框架在未来城市规划布局中的参考价值;医院、娱乐场所等的基础设施和公交、路网密度等的基础交通比自然因素（高程、坡度）对城市发展的影响更大,到海岸线距离会在一定程度上限制深圳内部土地利用变化过程。本研究所构建模型及精细制图结果,可为城市区域规划和空间格局模拟等相关研究提供参考依据和理论基础。     

福州城市用地变化的CA模型动态模拟研究

城市用地变化是一种时空动态变化的复杂地理过程,如何有效地模拟这一过程是该研究领域的一个重要问题,在诸多模拟模型中元胞自动机具有明显优越性。本研究根据福州市1988年TM影像和2001、2004年ASTER影像提取城市用地信息,运用元胞自动机对未来20年城市用地变化进行模拟,并用2004年ASTER影像进行验证,结果表明:用元胞自动机对福州城市用地扩展的模拟达到较高的精度,未来20年内扩展平均速度将达7km²/年,远大于规划速度,扩展的主导方向为南部的南台岛,另一个重要扩展因素是乡村城市化加强,与此同时城市绿地不断被蚕食而减少。     

土地利用动态变化的空间测算模型研究

本文以GIS叠置分析为辅助手段,将研究区域(广州市海珠区)的土地细分出未变化部分、转移部分和新增部分等三种空间类型,并据此对现有测算土地利用变化速率的数量分析和动态度模型进行了评析,提出了修正后的空间信息测算分析模型,旨在更为精细和准确地测算各土地利用类型的动态变化程度。或者更具体地说这种模型最主要是从微观角度的空间区位上认识不同用地类型变化的面积和速度(增加或减少)的情况,并且要清楚知道变化的用地在空间的分布和时空规律。结合社会经济情况来探讨这种情况发生的原因及其可能产生的结果。该研究对沿海发达地区未来城市土地利用的合理规划有一定的借鉴意义。     

STUDY ON URBAN LAND SAVING IN THE ECONOMICDEVELOPED COASTAL REGION OF CHINA

In China, the land resource per person is poor withregard to the huge number of population. According tothe recent data from the National Land Bureau, theaverage land per person is 0. 11 ha, much less than0. 25 ha, the average land per person in the world(FAN, 1997). On the other hand, a large scale ofrural land is to be transmitted into urban land upon thefast proceeding of urbanization. At present, the urbanpopulation occupies about 30% of the total in China. Ifthe percent become 50% (th…     

EVOLUTION OF URBAN SYSTEM IN NEW ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES AND PLANNING COUNTERMEASURES

As one kind of organizational relation of regional space, in essence, urban system is the spatial reflection of the deep social economic movement.(HERZOG,1991). Since the 1980s, by means of the globalization of economy and high technology and the particular spatial effect, the evolution of urban system has taken on one brand-new landscape different from the traditional one, which also raise new concepts and requirements for urban system planning. Meanwhile, it′s no doubt that active plannin…     

Spatial analysis of the impact of land-use on surface runoff and soil erosion-a case study of western Jilin

The impact of land-use on surface runoff and soil erosion is still poorly understood at basin scale. Thus in the Western Jilin Ecosystem (WJE), surface runoff and soil erosion were measured against identified land-use types in the basin. Due to the spatial nature of the analysis, GIS ArcMap version 9.1 and the WetSpass model were used in the simulation process. In the study, the WetSpass model was extended with the Dynamic Sediment Balance Equation (Ziegler et al., 1997), to simulate and quantify soil erosion. A hypothetical natural grassland scenario was developed for the study area and compared with the present land-use management conditions. The results indicate significant differences in runoff and soil erosion across the different land-use types both within and between the two scenarios. Calculated averages of surface runoff and soil erosion for the present land-use management were 48.03 mm/a and 83.43 kg/(m2·a) respectively. Those for the hypothetical natural grassland scenario were 24.70 mm/a and 78.36 kg/m2·a) . Thus an overall decrease in runoff and soil erosion was observed as the conditions changed from the present land-use management to the hypothetical natural grassland state. Under the present land-use management, urban settlements exhibited the highest surface runoff but one of the least soil erosions, while bare-lands showed the highest soil erosion. It was more generally observed that runoff and erosion varies with vegetation type/density. It was concluded based on the research findings that the present land-use management might not be the best scenario for the ecosystem as it showed increased basin runoff and soil erosion in comparison with the natural grassland vegetation. Since no best scenario was simulated for or advanced in the study, further research to develop a more balanced land management system is thus required. The findings of the study can assist in the identification of vulnerable/fragile ecosystems in the basin and to guide sustainable future planning and development of the basin.     

Application of multi-agent models to urban expansion in medium and small cities: A case study in Fuyang City, Zhejiang Province, China

In this study, three-phase satellite images were used to define rules for the allocation of time and space in construction land resources based on a complex adaptive system and game theory. The decision behavior and rules of government agent, enterprise agent and resident agent in construction land growth were explored. A distinctive and dynamic simulation model of construction land growth was built, which integrated multi-agent, GIS technology and RS data and described the interaction among influencing agents, Taking Fuyang City in the Changjiang River Delta as an example, an assessment process for the remote sensing data in construction land and scenario planning was constructed. Repast and ArcGIS were used as simulation platforms. A simulation of the spatial pattern in land-use planning and the setting of scenario planning were conducted by using the incomplete active game, which was based on different natural, social and economic levels. Through this model, a simulation of urban planning space and decision-making for Fuyang City was created. Relevant non-structured problems arising from urban planning management could be identified, and the process and logic of urban planning spatial decision-making could thus be improved. Cell-by-cell comparison showed that the simulation accuracy was over 72%. This model has great potential for use by government and town planners in decision support and technique support in the policy-making process.     

ANALYSIS ON LAND—USE CHANGE AND SOCIO—ECONOMIC DRIVING FACTOS IN HAINAN ISLAD DURING 50 YEARS FROM 1950 TO 1999

Land-use change is an important part of global change research( IGBP,1990-1992).But the majority of researches focus on the natural driving force of land use change.In this paper,the authors studied the relationship be-tween socio-economic driving factors and land-use change with time series in Hainan Island.Based on the study for the evolution of administrative system and policies in Hainan Island and the comprehensive analysis on the social economy da-ta and changes of social policies,the socio-economic pooicies,human activities and land use of Hainan can be divided into three periods with different characters:period from 1950 to 1978 characterized by the planning economic system,peri-od from 1978 to 1988 characterized by the transfer of economic system and adoption of open policy,new stage from 1988 to 1998 with high growing speed .On the other hand the authors describe the character of the periods and land-use change process affected by socio-economic afctors.This paper provides an important method for evaluating the development and changes of Hainan social economy during the 50 years from 1950 to1999 and forecasting the development of Hainan so-cial economy in future.     

Augmented planning support system framework for mountainous urban master planning

As a reflection of the relationship between human and mountainous environment, urban planning has an impact on the mountainous environment by changing the topography, landform and spatial layout. A good urban planning can mitigate and adapt to the mountainous environmental impact. Urban master planning involves the interrelationships and interactions of various components of urban complex systems. Planning Support System(PSS), as a technical means to assist planning decision-making, is mostly based on the construction mode of "user(stakeholder)-system". Its strong professional characteristics are not conducive to the consensus of diverse stakeholders on urban planning. The aim of this paper is therefore to build an augmented planning support system framework that is based on complex adaptive system theory, this framework is ontology-driven, and thus will enable the generation of a planning support prototype system for mountainous urban master planning founded on this framework. The framework fuses the urban planning ontology and the planning support system together, which helps different urban agents to reach a consensus based on a common understanding of urban planning. The defect is that the construction of the urban planning ontology is still manually constructed. The approach advocated here will enable a common understanding of mountainous urban master planning, support efficient and flexible decision in this area, and provide reference framework for future mountainous urban master PSS developments and application. The PSS prototype developed based on augmented planning support system framework has been applied to the urban master planning of Changting County in Fujian Province, China. Through the application of multiscenario analysis, urban agents can deepen their understanding of the current situation and future development of the city, and ultimately helps to promote urban planning decisions and implementation.     

菏泽市MapGIS土地利用数据库的建设

MapGIS土地利用数据库相对基于AutoCAD平台开发的软件有很多优点,该文介绍了菏泽市MapGIS土地利用数据库的建库流程、存在的问题及纠正办法,为建立“数字菏泽”和今后城乡土地变更调查形成一套图数实地相一致的成果创造了条件,提高了土地资源管理的现代化水平。     

城市土地利用优化配置分析应用——以济南市为例

对城市土地资源进行优化配置,提高城市土地利用的集约程度,是当前城市土地利用研究领域中的热点问题。本文以济南市为研究区,通过构建系统动力学模型对济南市土地利用的数量结构进行预测,在此基础上,利用ArcGIS软件的二次开发语言编写程序,实现了济南市土地利用的空间优化配置,为济南市城市内部土地资源的合理开发与利用,提供决策参考。     

Using impervious surfaces to detect urban expansion in Beijing of China in 2000s

The change of impervious surface area(ISA) can effectively reveal the gradual process of urbanization and act as a key index for monitoring urban expansion. Experiencing rapid growth of the built environment in the 2000 s, urban expansion of Beijing has not been fully characterized through ISA. In this study, Landsat TM images of Beijing in 2001 and 2009 were obtained, and the eight-year urban expansion process in Beijing was analyzed using the ISA extracted by means of the vegetation-imperious surface-soil(V-I-S) model. From the spatial variation in ISA, the ring structure of urban expansion in Beijing was significant during the study period, with decreasing urban density from the city center to the periphery. In the ring road analysis, the most dramatic changes of ISA were found between the fifth ring and the sixth ring. This area has experienced the most new residential development, and is currently the main source of urban expansion. The typical profile lines revealed the directional characteristics of urban expansion. The east-west profile was the most urbanized axes in Beijing, while ISA change in the east-north profile was more significant than in the other five profiles. Moreover, the transition matrix of ISA levels revealed an increase in urban density in the low density built areas; the Moran′s I index showed a clear expansion of the central urban area, which spread contiguously; and the standard deviational ellipse indicated the northeast was the dominant direction of urban expansion. These findings can provide important spatial control guidelines in the next round of national economic and social development planning, overall urban and rural planning, and land use planning.     

国土空间规划视角下的城镇开发边界划定和空间管控体系构建

新时期国土空间规划背景下,科学合理地划定城镇开发边界,建立健全的国土空间用途管制制度是有序引导国土空间各类开发保护行为的重要举措。本文以福州市为例,构建了一种全域多维度国土空间管控体系,将其管控约束条件嵌入未来土地利用格局模拟中。同时,顾及区域空间异质性和时空依赖性,设计了一种服务于城镇开发边界划定的集成地理分区策略、深度学习技术、FLUS模型功能模块的时空元胞自动机ST-CA（Spatio-Temporal Cellular Automata）模型。基于已有成果集成三区三线,开展“划管结合”思维下的空间管控应用研究。结果表明：① 顾及区域空间异质性和时空依赖性的ST-CA模型可以有效提高土地利用变化模拟精度（OA指标从95.95%提升至98.34%）,实现更为真实、准确的地理模拟过程;② 地理模拟过程中嵌入管控约束条件,可引导城镇、农业和生态3类空间合理布局且规模可控,基于模拟结果划定的城镇开发边界能有效避开规划保护用地;③ 未来模拟预测结果结合管控预警值可看出,福州市主城区及周边区县的城镇扩张形势比较严峻,未来亟需对福州市国土空间格局进行合理调控;④ 边界变化趋势特征表明划定结果与福州市的远景发展规划布局一致,符合区域发展诉求,国土空间格局呈现多轴化发展趋势。研究结果可为福州市国土空间开发保护行为提供科学谋划,为国土空间管控及优化提供实践参考依据。     

广州城市规划信息系统的数据开发

本文对城市规划信息系统面临的数据问题、城市规划与空间数据的关系进行了分析 ,同时总结了广州城市规划信息系统的数据构成 ,并着重探讨了广州城市规划信息系统开发过程中.各种数据的采集和组建。