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1.
《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1986,50(11):2433-2438
The partition of Cu and Zn between the particulate and dissolved phases has been investigated in the Carnon River and Restronguet Creek, England; a system contaminated by acid mine drainage. It is shown that binding to the surfaces of amorphous Fe oxyhydroxides regulates Cu and Zn concentrations in solution, in both fresh and saline waters. The sorptive process is pH dependent and is in general agreement with laboratory studies of trace metal adsorption on amorphous Fe oxyhydroxides. 相似文献
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3.
《Applied Geochemistry》2006,21(3):437-445
Oxidation of FeS2 in mine waste releases , Fe(II) and H+, resulting in acid mine drainage (AMD). Subsequent oxidation and precipitation of Fe produces different Fe(III) phases where the mineralogical composition depends on pH and the ambient concentrations of metal ions and complexing ligands. The oxidation and precipitation of Fe in AMD has been studied under various conditions with the intent of understanding the role these processes play in the natural attenuation of metal contaminants in the AMD. The combined process of Fe oxidation and precipitation in AMD from the Kristineberg mine, northern Sweden, has been investigated with pH-stat experiments at pH 5.5 and 7 at 10 and 25 °C. The precipitates formed have been characterised in terms of mineralogy and surface area. Similar phases formed at both temperatures, while the oxidation and precipitation occurred more readily at the higher temperature and higher pH. At pH 7, mainly lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) was precipitated while at a lower pH of 5.5, a mixture of schwertmannite, goethite, ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite formed. The ambient Zn(II) concentration was immediately reduced to acceptable levels (according to Swedish EPA) at pH 7 whereas a 2–3 weeks ageing period was necessary to achieve the same effect at pH 5.5. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) reduced the attenuating effect at pH 5.5 after ageing but increased it slightly at pH 7. Addition of Zn(II) at pH 8 resulted in a mixed Fe(III)–Zn(II) precipitate of unknown composition with some Zn(II) adsorbed at the surface. The Fe(III) precipitates formed are potentially useful for the natural attenuation of metal contaminants in AMD although based on these investigations, the degree of success depends upon pH and NOM concentration. 相似文献
4.
《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(6):1209-1217
Mobilization of actinides by interaction with humic colloids in aquifers is essentially determined by the geochemical conditions. In this study, the pH dependence of the influence of humic acid on metal adsorption on a variety of geological solids (kaolinite, phyllite, diabase, granite, sand) was investigated for Tb(III) as an analogue of trivalent actinides, using 160Tb as a radiotracer. Humic material was radiolabelled with 131I to allow experiments at low DOC concentrations, as encountered in subsurface systems in the far-field of a nuclear waste repository. For all solids, a changeover from mobilization to demobilization is observed on acidification. Except for phyllite, the reversal occurs at slightly acidic pH values, and is thus relevant in respect of risk assessments. A composite distribution model was employed to reproduce the changeover on the basis of the underlying constituent processes. For this purpose, humate complexation of Tb(III) and adsorption of humic acid as a function of pH were investigated as well. Although the ternary systems cannot be constructed quantitatively by combining the binary subsystems, the relevant interdependences are adequately described by the composite approach. For a more general discussion in view of the diversity of natural organic colloids, adsorption isotherms of various humic and fulvic acids on sand were compared. 相似文献
5.
The adsorption of five toxic metallic cations, Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II), onto montmorillonite was investigated as a function of pH and ionic strength and a two-site surface complexation model was used to predict the adsorption data. The results showed that in the lower pH range, 3∼6 for Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn, and 3∼4.5 for Pb, the adsorption was greatly affected by ionic strength, while in the higher pH range, the adsorption was not. In the lower pH range, the metallic cations were mainly bound through the formation of outer-sphere surface on the permanently charged basal surface sites (≡X−), while in the higher pH range the adsorption occurred mainly on the variably charged edge sites (≡SOH) through the formation of inner-sphere surface complexes. Acid-base surface constants and metal binding constants for the two sites were optimized using FITEQL. The adsorption affinity of the five metallic cations to the permanently charged sites of montmorillonite was Pb > Cu > Ni ≈ Zn ≈ Cd, while that to the variable charged sites was Pb ? Cu > Zn > Cd > Ni. 相似文献
6.
Proton binding constants for the edge and basal surface sites of kaolinite were determined by batch titration experiments at 25 °C in the presence of 0.1 M, 0.01 M and 0.001 M solutions of NaNO3 and in the pH range 3-9. By optimizing the results of the titration experiments, the ratio of the edge sites to the basal surface sites was found to be 6:1. The adsorption of Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) onto kaolinite suspensions was investigated using batch adsorption experiments and results suggested that in the lower pH range the metallic cations were bound through non-specific ion exchange reactions on the permanently charged basal surface sites (X−). Adsorption on these sites was greatly affected by ionic strength. With increasing pH, the variable charged edge sites (SOH) became the major adsorption sites and inner-sphere specifically adsorbed monodentate complexes were believed to be formed. The effect of ionic strength on the extent of adsorption of the metals on the variable charged edge sites was much less than those on the permanently charged sites. Two binding constants, log K(X2Me) and log K(SOMe), were calculated by optimizing these constants in the computer program FITEQL. A model combining non-specific ion exchange reactions and inner-sphere specific surface complexations was developed to predict the adsorption of heavy metals onto kaolinite in the studied pH range. Linear free energy relationships were found between the edge site binding constants and the first hydrolysis constants of the metals. 相似文献
7.
The authors determine the composition of a river that is impacted by acid-mine drainage, evaluate dominant physical and geochemical processes controlling the composition, and assess dissolved metal speciation and toxicity using a combination of laboratory, field and modeling studies. Values of pH increase from 3.3 to 7.6 and the sum of dissolved base metal (Cd + Co + Cu + Ni + Pb + Zn) concentrations decreases from 6270 to 100 μg/L in the dynamic mixing and reaction zone that is downstream of the river’s confluence with acid-mine drainage. Mixing diagrams and PHREEQC calculations indicate that mixing and dilution affect the concentrations of all dissolved elements in the reach, and are the dominant processes controlling dissolved Ca, K, Li, Mn and SO4 concentrations. Additionally, dissolved Al and Fe concentrations decrease due to mineral precipitation (gibbsite, schwertmannite and ferrihydrite), whereas dissolved concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn decrease due to adsorption onto newly formed Fe precipitates. 相似文献
8.
Formation of Fe(III) oxyhydroxide colloids in freshwater and brackish seawater, with incorporation of phosphate and calcium 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Anneli GunnarsSven Blomqvist Peter Johansson Christian Andersson 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2002,66(5):745-758
The formation of Fe(III) oxyhydroxide colloids by oxidation of Fe(II) and their subsequent aggregation to larger particles were studied in laboratory experiments with natural water from a freshwater lake and a brackish coastal sea. Phosphate was incorporated in the solid phase during the course of hydrolysis of iron. The resulting precipitated amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide phases were of varying composition, depending primarily on the initial dissolved Fe/P molar ratio, but with little influence by salinity or concentration of calcium ions. The lower limiting Fe/P ratio found for the solid phase suggests the formation of a basic Fe(III) phosphate compound with a stoichiometric Fe/P ratio of close to two. This implies that an Fe/P stoichiometry of ≈2 ultimately limits the capacity of precipitating Fe(III) to fix dissolved phosphate at oxic/anoxic boundaries in natural waters. In contrast to phosphorus, the uptake of calcium seemed to be controlled by sorption processes at the surface of the iron-rich particles formed. This uptake was more efficient in freshwater than in brackish water, suggesting that salinity restrains the uptake of calcium by newly formed Fe(III) oxyhydroxides in natural waters. Moreover, salinity enhanced the aggregation rate of the colloids formed. The suspensions were stabilised by the presence of organic matter, although this effect was less pronounced in seawater than in freshwater. Thus, in seawater of 6 to 33 ‰S, the removal of particles was fast (removal half time < 200 h), whereas the colloidal suspensions formed in freshwater were stable (removal half time > 900 h). Overall, oxidation of Fe(II) and removal of Fe(III) oxyhydroxide particles were much faster in seawater than in freshwater. This more rapid turnover results in lower iron availability in coastal seawater than in freshwater, making iron more likely to become a limiting element for chemical scavenging and biologic production. 相似文献
9.
Mariëtte Wolthers Laurent Charlet Peter R. van der Linde 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(14):3483-3492
Arsenate, As(V), sorption onto synthetic iron(II) monosulfide, disordered mackinawite (FeS), is fast. As(V) sorption decreases above the point of zero surface charge of FeS and follows the pH-dependent concentration of positively charged surface species. No redox reaction is observed between the As(V) ions and the mineral surface over the time span of the experiments. This observation shows that As(V) dominantly forms an outer-sphere complex at the surface of mackinawite. Arsenite, As(III), sorption is not strongly pH-dependent and can be expressed by a Freundlich isotherm. Sorption is fast, although slower than that of As(V). As(III) also forms an outer-sphere complex at the surface of mackinawite. In agreement with previous spectroscopic studies, complexation at low As(V) and As(III) concentration occurs preferentially at the mono-coordinated sulfide edge sites. The Kd (L g−1) values obtained from linear fits to the isotherm data are ∼9 for As(V) and ∼2 for As(III). Stronger sorption of As(V) than As(III), and thus a higher As(III) mobility, may be reflected in natural anoxic sulfidic waters when disordered mackinawite controls arsenic mobility. 相似文献
10.
蛇纹岩对地球深部和浅部的元素循环以及氧化还原状态调节具有非常重要的作用。蛇纹岩中的流体活动性元素(fluid-mobile element, FME)是揭示地幔岩石水化、脱水以及元素循环的关键。本文系统收集和分析了前人报道的不同构造环境的蛇纹岩矿物化学、全岩微量元素和非传统稳定同位素(Fe、Zn、Cu)的组成特征,试图从多个角度总结蛇纹岩脱水过程的元素迁移规律及流体性质。蛇纹岩主要矿物蛇纹石微量元素含量具有以下主要特征:(1)不同变质程度的蛇纹岩中的蛇纹石既包含轻稀土元素(light rare earth element, LREE)富集,又包含LREE亏损的特征;(2)纤蛇纹石的REE和微量元素分布在利蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石的范围内,利蛇纹石重稀土元素(heavy rare earth element, HREE)整体上略高于叶蛇纹石且更加富集FME;(3)通过中度不相容元素与REE含量相结合,能够较好地区分橄榄石和辉石蛇纹石化所形成的蛇纹石,即辉石形成的蛇纹石富集相容元素(如Sc、Zn、Cr、Y和Ti等)并具有较高的HREE,而橄榄石形成的蛇纹石则表现为平坦且整体较低的REE分布型式。在... 相似文献
11.
Yuhong Liu Shuqing An Zhen Xu Ningjiang Fan Jun Cui Zhongsheng Wang Shirong Liu Jiayong Pan Guanghui Lin 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(2):311-319
Spatial variations of δD and δ18O among seven tributaries and their water sources were investigated in the Heishui Valley of the Yangtze River, China during the dry-season in 2004. A one-way ANOVA (analysis of variation) test showed that both δD (p?0.01) and δ18O (p?=?0.045) spatially varied among the seven tributaries. The plot of δ18O versus δD for the river water collected at different locations showed that isotopic fractionation occurred during the snow and glacial melting process. The depleted δ18O and δD in the tributary waters distributed above the local meteoric water line (LMWL) suggested that the glacial and early snowpack meltwater largely recharged these streams during the early spring. The meltwater was isotopically distinguishable from the precipitation and river water, which had been evaporated during warmer and drier times. If glaciers and snow accumulation diminish with future climate warming, the recharge of these tributaries’ baseflow will decline and the security of the water resource in this watershed will be threatened. 相似文献
12.
River water (Water of Luce, Scotland) is used in laboratory experiments designed to investigate physical and chemical properties of Fe. Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cd and humic acids in riverine and estuarine systems. Using NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 as coagulating agents, coagulation of dissolved (0.4 μm filtered) Fe, Cu, Ni, Cd and humic acids increases in a similar matter with increasing salt molarily: Ca2+ is the most dominant coagulating agent. Removal by coagulation with Ca2+ at seawater concentrations ranges from large (Fe-80%. HA-60%, Cu-40%) to small (Ni, Cd-15%) to essentially nothing (Cd, Mn-3%). Destabilization of colloids is the indicated mechanism. Solubility-pH measurements show that between a pH of 3 and 9, Fe, Cu, Ni, Mn, Co and Cd are being held in the dissolved phase by naturally occurring organic substances. Between pH of 2.2 and 1.2 a large proportion of dissolved Fe, Cu. Ni and Cd (72, 35,44 and 36% respectively) is precipitated along with the humic acids; in contrast, Mn and Co show little precipitation (3%). Adsorption-pH experiments, using unfiltered river water spiked with Cu, indicate that adsorption of Cu onto suspended particles is inhibited to a large extent by the formation of dissolved Cu-organic complexes.The experimental results demonstrate that solubilities and adsorption properties of certain trace metals in freshwaters can be opposite to those observed with artificial solutions or predicted with chemical models. Interaction with organic substances is a critical factor. 相似文献
13.
We studied the local coordination and structure of Fe(III)-precipitates formed in aerated Fe(II)- and As(III)-containing water (buffered to pH 7 by 8 mM bicarbonate) using synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the K-edges of Fe, P, Ca, and As. Dissolved phosphate, silicate, and Ca at different ratios relative to each other and to Fe affect the forming Fe(III)-phases in a complex manner. The high affinity of phosphate for Fe(III) results in the predominant precipitation of Fe(III)-phosphate as long as dissolved phosphate is present, with Fe(III) polymerization limited to small oligomers. In Ca-containing solution, Ca uptake by Fe(III)-Ca-phosphate involves the linkage and coagulation of negatively charged Fe(III)-phosphate oligomers via Ca-O-P bonds. In the absence of phosphate, dissolved silicate at Si/Fe ratios above ∼0.5 results in the formation of hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) with mainly edge-sharing Fe-Fe linkage. At lower Si/Fe ratios of ∼0.5-0.1, mainly 2-line ferrihydrite (2L-Fh) with both edge- and corner-sharing Fe-Fe linkage forms. Only in the absence of phosphate at low Si/Fe ratio, lepidocrocite (Lp) forms. In solutions containing sufficient Fe(II), aeration results in the sequential precipitation of Fe(III)-(Ca-)phosphate, HFO or 2L-Fh (depending on solution Si/Fe), and finally Lp. The amount and oxidation state of As co-precipitated with Fe(III) are controlled by the co-oxidation of As(III) with Fe(II), which increases with initial Fe/As ratio, and the competitive uptake of phosphate, As(V) and less strongly sorbing silicate and As(III). This study demonstrates that the diversity and sequence of short-range-ordered Fe(III)-precipitates forming by Fe(II) oxidation in near-neutral natural waters depend on water chemistry. Because differences in the colloidal stability and biogeochemical reactivity of these phases will affect the fate of associated major and trace elements, the different Fe(III)-precipitates and their specific biogeochemical properties must be taken into account when addressing nutrient and contaminant dynamics at redox boundaries in natural and engineered systems. 相似文献
14.
C. Zhu X. Dong Z. Chen R. Naidu 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(5):1257-1268
Amorphous tin(VI) hydrogen phosphate (ATHP) was synthesized using the liquid phase precipitation method and served as an adsorbent to remove Pb(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions. The ATHP was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption techniques. Adsorption properties were evaluated as a function of pH, reaction time, concentration of reactants, and salinity. Their equilibrium adsorption data were modeled using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin–Kaganer–Radushkevich isotherms, respectively. The results revealed that adsorption equilibrium reached within 180 min. ATHP indicated good adsorption even below the pHZPC, and best adsorption at pH 5 for Pb(II) and Cu(II) and at pH 5.5 for Zn(II) was observed. Equilibrium data fitted better to the Langmuir model for Pb(II) and Cu(II) and fitted better to the Freundlich model for Zn(II). The saturated adsorption capacities deduced from the Langmuir model were 2.425, 1.801, and 0.600 mmol/g for Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II), respectively, indicating an adsorption affinity order of Cu > Pb > Zn. There is a negative correlation between the concentration of NaCl and adsorption capacity of ATHP, yet ATHP still exhibited excellent adsorption having an adsorption capacity of 19.35, 15.16, 6.425 mg/g when the concentration of NaCl was 0.6 mol/L. The free energy (E) was 12.33, 10.70, and 14.74 kJ/mol for Pb(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II), respectively. An adsorption mechanism based on ion exchange between heavy metal ions and H+ in the ATHP is proposed. Furthermore, the used ATHP was regenerated by HCl solution and the adsorbent was used repeatedly. 相似文献
15.
Jing Sun Changyuan Tang Pan Wu Congqiang Liu Ruixue Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(8):2623-2632
Epikarst water, which is one of the most important water resources in karst mountain areas, is extremely sensitive to mining activities. Acid mine drainage (AMD) with high levels of heavy metals can degrade the water quality. A typical coalfield basin was chosen to research the migration process of heavy metals. It was found that the chemical compositions of the stream water in the research field were controlled by the dissolution of carbonate rocks or/and the weathering and oxidation of pyrite in the mining area. Excluding a few sites in the mining area, As(V) was dominant species of arsenic in the form of H2AsO4 ? or HAsO4 2? in the research field. Based on the mass balance concept, it was found that fluxes of As, Zn, Cu and Cd in water from the mining area (site 17) affected by AMD were 18, 871, 281 and 12 kg year?1, respectively. Also, concentrations of Cd, Zn, As and Cu in the stream water decreased along the flow, because these ions deposited from the water to the stream bed as the redistribution processes in environment. 相似文献
16.
We investigated Fe(III)-precipitates formed from Fe(II) oxidation in water at pH 7 as a function of dissolved Fe(II), As(III), phosphate, and silicate in the absence and presence of Ca. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM), including selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to characterize the morphology, structure and elemental composition of the precipitates. Results from our companion X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) study suggested that the oxidation of Fe(II) leads to the sequential formation of distinct polymeric units in the following order: Fe(III)-phosphate oligomers in the presence of phosphate, silicate-rich hydrous ferric oxide (HFO-Si) at high Si/Fe (>0.5) or 2-line ferrihydrite (2L-Fh) at lower Si/Fe (∼0.1-0.5), and lepidocrocite (Lp) in the absence of phosphate at low Si/Fe (<0.1). Results from this study show that the size of the polymeric units increased along the same sequence and that the aggregation of these polymeric units resulted in spherical particles with characteristic surface textures changing from smooth to coarse. The diameter of the spherical particles increased from 15 to 380 nm as the molar ratio (P + Si + As)/Fe(II) in the starting solution decreased and larger spherical particles precipitated from Ca-containing than from Ca-free solutions. These trends suggested that the size of the spherical particles was controlled by the charge of the polymeric units. Spherical particles coagulated into flocs whose size was larger in the presence than in the absence of Ca. Further observations pointed to the importance of Fe(II) oxidation and polymerization versus polymer aggregation and floc formation kinetics in controlling the spatial arrangement of the different polymeric units within Fe(III)-precipitates. The resulting structural and compositional heterogeneity of short-range-ordered Fe(III)-precipitates likely affects their colloidal stability and their chemical reactivity and needs to be considered when addressing the fate of co-transformed trace elements such as arsenic. 相似文献
17.
Light-induced reduction of dissolved and particulate Fe(III) has been observed to occur in the surface waters of the acidic
mine pit lake of San Telmo (143,600 m2, pH 2.8, Fetotal = 2.72 mM). This photochemical production of Fe(II) is directly related to the intensity of solar radiation and competes
with biologically catalyzed reactions (i.e., bacterial re-oxidation of Fe(II)) and physical processes (including ionic diffusion,
advection, and convection, which tend to homogenize the epilimnetic concentration of Fe(II) at every moment). Therefore, diel
cycles of Fe(II) concentration are observed at the lake surface, with minimum values of 10–20 μM Fe(II) (0.35–0.70% Fetotal) at the sunrise and sunset, and maximum values of 90 μM Fe(II) (3.2% Fetotal) at midday in August 2005. Field and experimental work conducted in San Telmo and other pit lakes of the Iberian Pyrite Belt
(IPB) (pH 2.3–3.1, Fetotal = 0.34–17 mM) indicate that the kinetics of the photoreductive reaction is zero-order and is independent of the Fe(III) concentration,
but highly dependent on the intensity of solar radiation and temperature. Experimental work conducted with natural Fe(III)
minerals (schwertmannite, goethite, and lepidocrocite) suggests that dissolved organic matter is an important factor contributing
to the photochemical production of Fe(II). The wavelengths involved in the photoreduction of Fe(III) include not only the
spectrum of UV-A radiation (315–400 nm), but also part of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm). This
finding is of prime importance for the understanding of the photoreduction processes in the pit lakes of the IPB, because
the photo-reactive depth is not limited to the penetration depth of UV-A radiation (upper 1–10 cm of the water column depending
on the TDS content), but it is approximately equal to the penetration depth of PAR (e.g., first 4–6 m of the water column
in San Telmo on July 2007); thus, increasing the importance of photochemical processes in the hydro(bio)geochemistry of pit
lakes. 相似文献
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19.
Peter J. Swedlund Jenny G. Webster Gordon M. Miskelly 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(6):1548-43
Adsorption of Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ onto goethite is enhanced in the presence of sulfate. This effect, which has also been observed on ferrihydrite, is not predicted by the diffuse layer model (DLM) using adsorption constants derived from single sorbate systems. However, by including ternary surface complexes with the stoichiometry FeOHMSO4, where FeOH is a surface adsorption site and M2+ is a cation, the effect of SO42− on cation adsorption was accurately predicted for the range of cation, goethite and SO42− concentrations studied. While the DLM does not provide direct molecular scale insights into adsorption reactions there are several properties of ternary complexes that are evident from examining trends in their formation constants. There is a linear relationship between ternary complex formation constants and cation adsorption constants, which is consistent with previous spectroscopic evidence indicating ternary complexes involve cation binding to the oxide surface. Comparing the data from this work to previous studies on ferrihydrite suggests that ternary complex formation on ferrihydrite involves complexes with the same or similar structure as those observed on goethite. In addition, it is evident that ternary complex formation constants are larger where there is a stronger metal-ligand interaction. This is also consistent with spectroscopic studies of goethite-M2+-SO42− and phthalate systems showing surface species with metal-ligand bonding. Recommended values of ternary complex formation constants for use in SO4-rich environments, such as acid mine drainage, are presented. 相似文献
20.
Mohsen Chekani Moghadam Zahra Tahmasbi Ahmad Ahmadi-Khalaji José Francisco Santos 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2018,78(1):58-77
The Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA) of Central Iran has been formed during Neotethyan Ocean subduction underneath Eurasia. The Rabor-Lalehzar magmatic complex (RLMC), covers an area ~1000?km2 in the Kerman magmatic belt (KMB), SE of UDMA. RLMC magmatic rocks include both granitoids and volcanic rocks with calc-alkaline and adakitic signatures but with different ages.Miocene adakitic rocks are characterd by relatively enrichmented in incompatible elements, high (Sr/Y)(N) (>40), and (La/Yb)(N) (>10) ratios with slightly negative Eu anomalies (EuN/Eu*≈ 0.9), depletion in HFSEs, and relatively non-radiogenic Sr isotope signatures (87Sr/86Sr?=?0.7048–0.7049). In contrast, the Oligocene granitoids exhibit low Sr/Y (<20) and La/Yb (<9) ratios, negative Eu anomalies (EuN/Eu*?≈?0.5), and enrichment in HFSEs and radiogenic Sr isotope signatures (87Sr/86Sr?=?0.7050–0.7052), showing affinity to the island arc rocks. Eocene volcanic rocks which crusscut the younger granitoid rocks comprise andesites and dacites. Geochemically, lavas show calc-alkaline character without any Eu anomaly (EuN/Eu*?≈?1.0). Based on the geochemical and isotopic data we propose that melt source for both calc-alkaline and adakitic rocks from the RLMC can be related to the melting of a sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). Basaltic melts derived from a metasomatized mantle wedge might be emplaced at the mantle-crust boundary and formed the juvenile mafic lower crust. However, some melts fractionated in the shallow magma chambers and continued to rise forming the volcanic intermediate-mafic rocks at the surface. On the other hand, the assimilation and fractional crystallization in the shallow magma chambers of may have been responsible for the development of Oligocene granitoids with calc-alkaline affinity. In the mid-Late Miocene, following the collision between Afro-Arabia and Iranian block the juvenile mafic crust of UDMA underwent thickening and metamorphosed into garnet-amphibolites. Subsequent upwelling of a hot asthenosphere during Miocene was responsible for partial melting of thickened juvenile crust of the SE UDMA (RLM complex). The adakitic melts ascended to the shallow crust to form the adakitic rocks in the KMB. 相似文献