用LHRH-A2埋植法诱导池养鲻鱼卵母细胞发育成熟的试验

将含LHRH－A2的药物颗粒埋植入池养人工繁殖鲻鱼Mugil cephalus Linnaeus雌鱼体内，以诱导其性腺发育成熟，试验为期81d。发现用LHRH－A2埋植的试验组鱼的卵母细胞直径超过500μm以上，达到成熟的个体比率为30％，而空白对照组鱼达到成熟的个体比率为0％。试验结果表明，采用激素埋植的方法，可促进鲻鱼卵母细胞的发育。     

海产鱼类单殖吸虫——头锚虫及其一新种的描述

本文报道1964年8月从福建惠安及1978年4月从厦门集美采获的鲻鱼Mugil cephalus鳃上寄生的二种头锚虫Ancyrocephalus,其中一种为新种。现记述如下:(文中数据以毫米为单位)。     

鲻鱼人工繁殖研究的现状和动向

目前世界上已养殖或正在试验的鲻鱼种类近二十余种。共中以鲻鱼Mugil cePhalus分布最广。它食物链低、适盐性广及生长快,已成为很多国家咸水和半咸水水域的主要养殖或试验养殖对象,共生产潜力业已引起各国的重视。 近年来鲻鱼人工繁殖研究尤着重于人工诱     

驯养至淡水的梭鱼人工繁殖试验

梭鱼(Mugil So-iny)属海产经济鱼类,产卵于海中,亦能进入咸淡水或淡水中生活。 六十年代以来,随着鲻科鱼类养殖在世界范围内的迅速推广,人工繁殖研究已引起普遍的重视。到目前为止,海水和咸淡水养殖的鲻鱼和梭鱼中,鲻鱼(Mugil cephalus)的人工繁殖已达数十万尾种苗的水平,梭鱼也已达数万尾水平。而淡水池塘和水库中混养梭鱼,日益获得推广。共中就天津市郊区来说,目前已有四千余亩水面混养了梭鱼,并取得亩产增产20—100斤梭     

基于腺带刺沙蚕和细基江蓠调控水环境的池塘养殖模式研究

本研究构建了生态位互补的凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）、黄鳍鲷（Sparus latus）、鲻鱼（Mugil cephalus）、腺带刺沙蚕（Neanthes glandicincta）和细基江蓠（Gracilaria tenuistipitata）的生态养殖模式。结果表明,腺带刺沙蚕和细基江蓠...     

黄鳍鲷和普通鲻鱼幼鱼视网膜运动反应初步研究

本文研究环境光强与黄鳍鲷(Sparus latus)和普通鲻鱼(Mugil cephalus)两种幼鱼视网膜运动反应的关系,结果表明:当光强分别低于10~(-3)1x和10~(-2)1x时,对黄鳍鲷和普通鲻鱼幼鱼视网膜运动反应无明显影响;当光强分别高于10~(-3)1x和10~(-2)1x时,光强越高,两种幼鱼视网膜从暗适应状态过渡到明适应状态的时程越短。黄鳍鲷幼鱼从暗视向明视过渡的照度界限为10~(-3)—10~(-1)1x;普通鲻鱼幼鱼的相应过渡照度界限为10~(-2)—10~01x。     

台湾乌鱼子

在台湾访问期间的多次宴会上,我吃到了颜色黄褐色肥美的乌鱼子,味道清香可口。台湾乡亲介绍说:“这是闻名中外的台湾名特产,是海中奇珍”。乌鱼是台湾名产,学名鲻鱼,头背和体侧颜色黑灰色,腹部银白色,在水里只能看到乌黑的影子,故俗名乌鱼。乌鱼的肉嫩,味道鲜美,且有营养价值。东南沿海江湖均有产鲻鱼。明代孙文恪有“家在越州东近海,鲻鱼肥美胜鲈鱼”之句。鲻鱼生息在     

吕泗渔场两种石首鱼科鱼类营养生态学特征：来自稳定同位素的证据

本研究使用稳定同位素方法,分析及比较了吕泗渔场两种重要石首鱼科鱼类(小黄鱼Larimichthys polyactis、棘头梅童鱼Collichthys lucidus)的营养生态学特征。结果表明,不同体长组间小黄鱼和棘头梅童鱼的稳定碳同位素差异不显著(p0.05),而稳定氮同位素差异显著(p 0.05)。小黄鱼的营养级要显著高于棘头梅童鱼(p 0.05)。聚类分析的结果可将小黄鱼的体长组分成两大组,包括 140～190、 130～140、 120～130、 80～90 mm一组和剩余的体长组;棘头梅童鱼的体长组可分为140～190、130～140 mm一组和剩余体长组。Iso Source模型的结果显示,浮游植物对小黄鱼、棘头梅童鱼的碳源贡献比例为43.38%和36.38%;底质有机物(Sedimental Organic Matter,SOM)对小黄鱼、棘头梅童鱼的碳源贡献比例为40.66%和43.70%。因此判定小黄鱼和棘头梅童鱼的潜在碳源主要是浮游植物和SOM。本研究还发现小黄鱼食性转变的体长临界点为80 mm,而棘头梅童鱼为110 mm,反映了棘头梅童鱼在生活史中转变食性行为的发生时间可能比小黄鱼晚。     

黑鳃梅童鱼和棘头梅童鱼的形态学比较研究

采集丹东近海的黑鳃梅童鱼29个个体和海洲湾近海的棘头梅童鱼30个个体,开展2种梅童鱼形态特征比较研究。对2种梅童鱼的顶枕部小棘、臀鳍第一鳍棘、鳔侧枝、鳃腔和耳石等部位进行拍照及形态描述,并进行了2种梅童鱼传统形态学的8个分节特征和14个量度特征的判别分析、主成分分析和单因子方差分析。结果显示:2种梅童鱼的顶枕部小棘、鳔侧枝、鳃腔颜色和耳石形态存在明显差异;除鳔侧枝数有明显差异外,其它可数性状均无显著差异。采用贡献率大的8个参数建立2种梅童鱼的判别公式,判别准确率达100%;黑鳃梅童鱼和棘头梅童鱼在外部形态可量数据上虽存在个别交叉,但仍能形成各自相对集中的组;在P=0.01显著性水平下进行单因子方差分析,结果2种梅童鱼在7个变量上存在显著性差异。     

我国沿海鲻鱼(Mugil cephalus)不同地理群体形态差异研究

运用多变量形态度量学分析方法,对我国沿海的四个鲻鱼群体110个个体的形态变异进行了分析。聚类分析和主成分分析结果表明,位于我国南部沿海的广东湛江群体(ZJ)与福建厦门群体(XM)形态最为接近,位于北部沿海的河北塘沽群体(HB)与山东青岛群体(QD)的形态最为接近;而南、北部群体间的趋异程度较大,有一定程度的形态分化。主成分分析前3个主成分对不同群体间总变异方差的贡献率分别为:50.00%、12.16%、11.10%,累积贡献率为73.25%。主成分分析结果表明,四个鲻鱼群体在形态上的差别很大程度上是由体型的高低、长短引起的,且主要集中在胸部和尾部。判别分析中采用9个不同的变量,分别构建了四个鲻鱼群体的判别公式,判别正确率达到99.1%。     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.