块状硫化物矿床与火山岩岩相的关系

块状硫化物矿床(黄铁矿型矿床、黑矿型矿床)与玄武岩-流纹岩建造的相互关系是由矿石与围岩形成的近似性所决定的,更确切地说,是矿石有规律地产在火山岩一定的岩相中。近年来,火山岩系的岩相分析已成为火山岩地区区域地质调查、块状硫化物矿床普查勘探工作中最重要的方法之一。这是因为,一方面岩相分析和古火山恢复方法,可以对火山体、火山岩系的喷发沉积旋回,以及火山岩的层序进行详细的研究,从而较为客观地总结出     

中国地台区张裂盆地沉积

本文着重讨论中国地台区某些张裂盆地的沉积与演化特征。张裂盆地可分为陆内断陷和裂谷、克拉通边缘裂陷槽和被动大陆边缘。裂谷在发展过程中依次形成玄武岩-红层-蒸发盐组合或玄武岩-红层-煤系组合→深湖相组合→红层组合。中小型断陷的岩石组合类似但多不完整。豫陕裂陷槽的岩石组合为下部硅碎屑岩组合,以钾玄岩系为主体的火山岩组合,上部硅碎屑岩-碳酸盐组合,以及较深水相泥硅质岩组合。地处被动大陆边缘的扬子地台南部早寒武世海是以波浪作用为主的陆架,其东南边缘的石煤可能是远洋、半远洋沉积。本文还扼要讨论了张裂盆地在控制某些矿产资源的形成与分布方面的一些问题。     

Sedimentological environment and diagenetic metallogenesis of Dongchuan-type stratiform copper deposits in western Sichuan and Yunnan

Lagoon behind stromatolite-reefs and bathyal areas in front of the reefs are the original basins where copper-bearing water was accumulated. The corresponding rock facies are the rear-reef bay syngenetic dolomite and the pro-reef black shale and dolomite respectively. Stratiform copper deposits were formed during diagnesis, being genetically connected with the stromatolite reef. No direct genetic relationship has been established between copper mineralization and volcanic tuffs.     

新疆阿吾拉勒富铁矿地质特征和矿床成因

阿吾拉勒山东段是新疆重要富铁矿成矿带,形成于伊犁石炭纪裂谷环境.产于海相火山-沉积岩系中的赤铁矿和块状含铜黄铁矿,发育红碧玉、重晶石喷流岩,S、Pb、H、O同位素反映成矿物质来源于深部地壳或上地幔,成矿流体源自岩浆水,并有海水混入,属于火山喷流沉积矿床.产于基-中性火山岩系中的磁铁矿,形成于火山机构附近,属矿浆喷溢型矿床.两个层位的铁(铜)矿是在同一成矿环境下形成的矿床组合,预示该地区铜矿具有较大找矿前景.     

祁连山白银厂黄铁矿型矿床成因探讨

白银厂黄铁矿型矿区,共有五个矿床,已相继开采四个。其中有以铜为主的含铜黄铁矿型矿床,如折腰山、火焰山、铜厂沟;有以铜-铅-锌为主的多金属黄铁矿型矿床,如小铁山。这两种类型矿床均赋存在白银厂细碧-角斑岩内,且矿体相距很近,构造、岩相相似。说明在同一构造单元、同一火山岩系内可以生成两种不同类型的矿床。该区矿床位于北祁连加里东地槽东部火山岩系内,对其成因一直有争议。有人认为矿床     

祁连山白银厂黄铁矿型矿床成因探讨

The Baiyinchang mining area, an important industrial base of base metals in China, consists of five pyrite type deposits of different sizes, four of which have already been worked. These five deposits might be grouped into two types: Cu-bearing (predominatingly Cu) pyrite type deposits, such as Zheyaoshan, Huoyanshan and Tongchanggou, and polymetallic pyrite deposits containing principally Cu, Pb and Zn, such as Xiaotieshan and Sigejuan. These two types of deposits occur close to each other in the same formation-Baiyinchang spilite-keratophyre sequence and have similar structures and petrofacies, suggesting the possibility of forming two different types of deposits in the same tectonic unit and volcanic rock series. The deposit lies in the eastern part of the volcanic complex within the Qilian eugeosyncline, its genesis remains a problem of much controversy. Ln recent years, the author has made an integrated study and analysis of the data accumulated over the past thirty years and also performed some field investigation to check up these references. The results acquired have led him to postulate the hypothesis that the deposit was formed by the concentration of volcanic hydrothermal fluids in depression and the activity of subvolcano-magmatic fluids. The formation of the massive pyrite in the main ore body of Zheyaoshan is believed to be the result of the lateral effusion from the Qingshanbao vent of the third subcycle appearing presently as silicic rock formation, i.e., the result of the accumulation in the second subcycle crater depression of the ore material effused from the pyrrhotite ore chimney. This might be borne out by the existence of abundant massive copper-bearing pynhotite ore with well-developed textures of corrosion and replacement in the chimney as well as by the ring-like distribution of the metallic minerals around the chimney caused by the spread of the fluids from this center. Geological mapping and analyses of the data of drill core and petrofacies support the claim that the ore body is located at the crater depression. Minerals in massive pyrite ore body are coarse in the west and fine in the east, suggesting also the migration of ore fluids from east to west into the center of depression. The massive ore body cutting obliquely the strata, the relatively weak alteration of country rocks and the remarkable variation in copper content of the ore body all seem to have resulted from the ascending movement of the copper-bearing ore fluids brought by subvolcanic activity along the ore chimney and its fracture zone formed during the crustal reversion. The Xiaotieshan polymetallic pyrite deposit is of subvolcano-magmatic fluids type. Its ore-forming processes were strictly controlled by late subvolcanic activity which, in turn, was governed by fracturing. The ore body overlies the hanging wall of quartz albitophyre and shows close relationships with subvolcanic rocks in dimension and grade while the texture and structure of ore and the mineral constituents vary in accordance with the diverse country rocks. The examination of the structure of volcanos, fractures, variation in petrofacies, regularity of subvolcanic activity, the extent of wall rock alteration and characteristics of mineralization, therefore, makes up the prerequisite for the search of such concealed ore deposits. The Jinfangou ore belt expends along a EW striking fracture zone characterized by complex lithological characters and petrofacies as well as by frequent subvolcanic activities. Mineralization and ore bodies are exclusively confined to the fracture zone. The repeated crustal reversion during: the late stage of the development of rock formation resulted in the folding and faulting of the strata, thus facilitating the differentiation and migration of the magma. The intrusion of the subvolcanic magma not only brought sufficient ore-bearing fluids for mineralization, but supplied heat for their migration. This is due to the fact that heat: accelerated the circulation of the ore fluids, which dissolved ore elements dispersed in the volcanic rock and unceasingly infiltrated into and replaced the country rocks as well. As a result ore fluids concentrated to form ore deposits at places with favorable structure and country rock conditions.     

桂东南破碎带蚀变岩型金银矿床成矿规律和找矿标志

桂东南混合岩区破碎带蚀变岩型金银矿床在混合岩田高、低级变质带过渡部位成矿,与燕山期混合花岗岩关系密切,赋矿空间为NE-NNE向构造断裂破碎带,常含方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿等金属硫化物.宽大的蚀变破碎带和黄铁绢英岩化蚀变是找矿的直接标志.     

青海省绿梁山铜矿床地质特征研究

青海省绿梁山铜矿床位于南祁连地块与柴达木地块拼接部位北缘,是我国西部重要的多金属矿床之一。通过对矿床的地质特征进行详细研究和系统总结认为: 该矿床矿体主要赋存于滩间山群变质火山岩中,其围岩蚀变有硅化、黄铁矿化、黄铜矿化、磁铁矿化、绿帘石化及绿泥石化等; 矿石类型主要为含石英细脉、网脉蚀变岩型铜矿石; 矿床类型属破碎带蚀变岩型铜矿床。结合以上特征,总结了绿梁山铜矿床找矿标志,指出了下一步找矿方向,为该区相同类型矿床的勘查工作提供了思路和理论依据。     

刘家坪铜-锌矿区古火山机构特征及其地质意义

刘家坪黄铁矿型块状硫化物铜-锌矿床是一个面临闭坑的矿山。对矿区刘家坪组火山岩机构的研究,将是进一步寻找矿体的关键。通过野外地质调查及对刘家坪铜-锌矿区刘家坪组火山岩系的岩石矿物组合和结构构造、岩石化学成分、稀土元素地球化学特征的研究,初步确定了矿区古火山机构及其岩相构造的基本特征,建立了火山岩层序、喷发旋回和喷发类型。     

GEOLOGICAL BASES FOR THE EXPLORATION AND PROSPECTING OF ORE DEPOSITS, (PART II,SECTIONS III AND IV)

The Russian system of classification of ore reserves is defined; it includes five categories of reserves. Methods of estimating and designating the four main groups of ore deposits for the purpose of estimating reserves are described. Examples used include sedimentary marine iron, manganese, and bauxite deposits; residual limonitic iron ore, alluvial bauxite, magnetite skarn, copper-bearing sandstones, stratified copper-nickel sulfides, vein disseminated copper in secondary quartzite, lensing pyrite, hydrothermal ore vein, chromite, scheelite skarn, lateritic nickel ores, and placers. --M. Russell.     

层、相、位对广西北山银、锌、镉、黄铁矿矿床的控制作用探讨

一、概述本矿床是一个以银、锌、镉、黄铁矿为大型,铅为中型的硫化物矿床。它兼有我国南方泥盆系碳酸盐岩层控铅—锌矿床和层控黄铁矿矿床的主要地质特征,是一个研究典型层控矿床和成矿理论不可多得的矿床,因此不少专家学者前往参观考察。矿床位于扬子准地台东南缘,在南华后加里东准地台上,处于“江南古陆”南端西南缘,桂中褶断束的北西段,于南岭多金属成矿带西端,属北山—泗顶铅、锌、黄铁矿成矿远景区的西段。矿床周围出露大片泥盆系和石炭系,它的北部和东部是江南古陆,出露有四堡群、板溪群、震旦系及零星分布的寒武系,西北角和南西偶有二叠系出露。     

晋北硅铁建造型铁矿床铁矿石相、沉积环境判别及铁矿找矿方向的研究

硅铁建造型铁矿床是太古代——早元古代火山作用、构造作用,沉积作用、变质作用的结果。硅铁建造型铁矿石担的研究对确定铁矿床成因类型、判别沉积环境、评价利用铁矿石都有着现实意义。詹姆斯(James H·L)金伯利(Kimberley M·M)古德温(Goodwin A·M)格罗斯(Gross G·A)等从铁矿物组合、岩石组合上划分了铁矿石相类型,提出形成铁矿石相的沉积环境,但并未对铁矿石相划分、相环境判别建立定量数值指标和相环     

Some aspects of the problem of geochemical methods of prospecting for concealed mineralization

This paper describes a number of different geochemical approaches to the search for concealed ore deposits.The first approach discussed is a broad one that relates mineralization to the types of rock that may occur in a region. Attention is focussed on hydrothermal deposits and their association with specific types of igneous rocks and their differentiation trends.A second considers the control of the structure and physico-chemical properties of the host rocks on the localization of ore bodies. A number of factors, such as effective and total porosity and the brittleness of rocks also plays an important role in determining the nature and extent of dispersion haloes of the elements around ore deposits.In some instances it is possible to predict the presence of ore bodies at depth from the type of composition of metasomatized rocks that occur at the surface.The use of mercury and fluorine in the search for concealed deposits has been given detailed consideration. Methods based on fluorine may be effective in the discovery of skarn, greisen, hydrothermal and rare metal deposits. When using the fluorine content of waters from a taiga-permafrost terrain, it is important to consider the effect of the organic content of the water.In searching for Cu-Ni deposits of the Noril'sk type it is suggested that intrusive complexes characterized by high degrees of differentiation and containing picritic and taxitic facies enriched in Mg, Ni and Co and depleted in alkalis are the most prospective. Ore deposits of this type may have dispersion haloes of Ag, Bi, Zn and Pb which are associated with ore-controlling faults. Magnesian and calcareous skarns, feldspathic and serpentine-chlorite-prehnite rocks may form broad contact haloes with ore-bearing intrusions.The use of gases in prospecting for Cu-Mo deposits in Central Kazakhstan have been investigated with positive results. Gas surveys carried out in conjunction with geophysical methods makes it possible to distinguish zones of Cu-Mo mineralization from zones containing pyrite and carbonaceous material, all of which give similar geophysical responses.The occurrences of uranium in aquifers on the flanks of artesian basins within arid regions is used as an example of the use of geochemical zonation in prospecting. The same approach may be used in prospecting for copper-bearing sandstones.     

广西龙围地区石英脉型铜矿中硫化物Re-Os测年及意义

广西大瑶山西北地区有大量的石英脉型铜矿出露,然而缺少相关矿床年龄的研究。为解决该问题,选取广西金秀龙围地区石英脉型铜矿床矿石中的黄铁矿和黄铜矿,进行Re-Os同位素测年研究,获得了加里东期的黄铁矿等时线年龄(417±25) Ma(MSWD=0.92)和印支期的黄铜矿等时线年龄(243±18) Ma(MSWD=0.45)。黄铁矿结晶明显早于黄铜矿,加里东期是否存在成矿事件还需要进一步研究。结合岩石矿物学分析,我们认为龙围地区铜矿床中矿石的形成,经历了黄铁矿结晶、黄铁矿碎裂和含铜热液在印支期充填交代等过程,最终固结成矿。研究厘定了龙围地区铜矿的成矿时间,并为大瑶山西北地区存在印支期成矿热液活动提供了证据。     

新疆铜矿类型与找矿靶区

在分析研究新疆铜矿类型、地质特征、矿区地质构造及找铜潜力的基础上，对进一步的找铜靶区进行了初步预测．新疆铜矿工作程度总体较低，各构造成矿区和类型都有找铜前景，最具潜力和最有希望找到大型铜矿床的是阿尔泰，东、西天山和西昆仑地区斑岩型、海相火山沉积型、斑岩—夕卡岩复合型、海相沉积热液叠加型与铜镍矿化物型的成矿类型．     

吉林中部环形构造及其控矿作用

吉林中部环形构造是中生代形成与演化的热点构造。这个环形构造主要由外环带的环形断陷火山含煤盆地,中心区的断焰火山含煤盆地和火山机构,以及呈现环带状分布的花岗岩成因系列等部分组成,其形态呈现圆形,直径270km。 吉林中部环形构造控制外生煤、油气矿床、内生多金属和金矿床的形成和分布规律,从而为这些矿产资源的预测提供了可靠的地质依据,并获得实际效果。     

兰坪-思茅盆地与泰国呵叻盆地含钾卤水同源性研究──兼论该区找钾有利层位和地区

我国兰坪 思茅盆地与泰国呵叻盆地同处在一个大地构造带，成矿时代和层位相同，析盐矿物组合类似，母液卤水组成具同源性，兰坪 思茅盆地卤水是自呵叻盆地向北迁移所致；析盐组合变化符合卤水从北向南逐渐浓缩的趋势。呵叻盆地下、中、上盐组所显示的三次成盐旋回中，中盐组在兰坪 思茅坳陷带均有沉积，下盐组在思茅盆地也有沉积，推断该组沉积期卤水浓缩程度低于呵叻盆地，矿石类型将优于呵叻盆地。我国境内找矿有利层位应为下泥砾盐层（相当呵叻下盐组）。     

中国新疆矿床成矿系列类型

研究认为在不同时代、不同地质构造单元中重复出现的矿床成矿系列，可称为矿床成矿系列类型。新疆主要矿床成矿系列类型带有鲜明的古生代造山带成矿作用特点，它们联系于新疆各造山带古生代地壳发展的拉张型过渡壳－洋壳－汇聚型过渡壳－古生代新陆壳的各特定阶段，与各阶段地质构造作用密不可分。矿床成矿系列类型本身也随着地壳发展、地壳成熟度的提高而有规律地演化     

The forms of mercury in some australian stratiform Pb-Zn-Ag deposits of different regional metamorphic grades

Mercury concentrations of four Australian stratiform lead-zinc-silver deposits of Proterozoic age are not directly related to their metamoprhic grade and are probably determined by local factors. Average mercury contents of H. Y. C. mineralization (unmetamorphosed) is 1300 ppb, Mount Isa ore (greenschist facies) 8300 ppb, Squirrel Hills mineralization (amphibolite facies) 100 ppb, and Broken Hill ore (granulite facies) ranges from 1000 ppb for A lode to 37000 ppb for No. 3 lens. In present-day sulfidic muds from the Coorong region of South Australia, mercury is present as mercury sulfide either as inclusions or chemisorbed on mackinawite. This may be analogous to the manner of mercury occurrence in sediments which predated the ingress of lead-zinc-silver mineralization into ancient basins. In bedded H. Y. C. mineralization mercury is present principally in pyrite, but recrystallized mineralization contains mercury in both sphalerite and pyrite. In bedded Mount Isa ore mercury is present in sphalerite, but in remobilized ore which is enriched in galena, freibergite and pyrrhotite, it occurs in both sphalerite and freibergite. Mineralization from Squirrel Hills contains no tetrahedrite, and sphalerite is the host for most mercury. Normal Broken Hill ore contains mercury parti tioned approximately evenly between sphalerite and tetrahedrite, but mercury is enriched in remobilized ore. Veins generated during retrograde metamorphism of the Broken Hill lodes contain high levels of mercury, and multiple veins produced in this fashion around other deposits could result in mercury haloes that can be detected during exploration programs. The way mercury is held in stratiform leadzinc-silver deposits, and the lack of decrease of mercury contents with increasing metamorphic grade, rules out total loss of mercury during metamorphism. Primary mercury haloes around this type of mineralization are due to mercury in disseminated ore-forming minerals or late-stage vein systems contain secondary mercury-bearing minerals.     

国外超大型浅变质细碎屑岩型金矿床的地质特征

国外浅变质碎屑岩型金矿床的含矿岩系以含碳和黄铁矿,夹火山物质和热水沉积物,金含量高为特征.在含矿岩系的沉积、成岩过程中,局部可以形成贫金的含矿层,少数情况下以至于形成金矿体.含矿岩系的变质作用可能形成金矿化,或为后来的成矿作用造成有利的物理和化学环境.岩浆作用为成矿作用提供了部分成矿物质,或为改造成矿作用提供热源和动力.金矿床受构造控制,位于地热正异常区,金矿床的形成与热水沉积成矿作用、变质成矿作用、岩浆期后热液成矿作用和大气降水改造成矿作用等有关.超大型浅变质碎屑岩金矿床的形成过程持续时间长,具有多期多阶段的特点.改造成矿作用在超大型浅变质细碎屑岩型金矿床形成中起重要作用,中生代形成的超大型金矿床中,构造岩浆活化作用叠加十分重要.