2004年鲁西南两次台风低压暴雨过程对比分析

对2004年鲁西南两次台风影响造成的大～暴雨过程分析结果表明,西风槽作用下的降水,若有台风低压参与,系统均得以发展,雨势进一步加强.台风低压与西风槽结合及结合点位置,对鲁西南暴雨的形成均很重要.如副高强盛西进时,一般台风低压偏西,与西风槽结合点偏西;副高东退时,结合点一般偏东.     

2004年鲁西南两次台风低压暴雨过程对比分析

对2004年鲁西南两次台风影响造成的大~暴雨过程分析结果表明,西风槽作用下的降水,若有台风低压参与,系统均得以发展,雨势进一步加强。台风低压与西风槽结合及结合点位置,对鲁西南暴雨的形成均很重要。如副高强盛西进时,一般台风低压偏西,与西风槽结合点偏西;副高东退时,结合点一般偏东。     

2008年6个东北转向台风的特征分析及应用

分析了2008年6个东北转向台风的环流形势及其与西风槽等的关系,得出当台风处于大陆高压和西太平洋副热带高压之间的中纬度西风槽前时,其转向与西风槽密切相关的结论。(1) 西风槽与台风转向点的平均位置距离为5.2个经距：当台风离西风槽较远时,台风依原来路径前行;在恰当位置(即5.2个经距)时台风发生转向。(2) 台风转向的东、北分量大小与西风槽走向关系密切。(3) 当台风外围云系接近西风槽云系时,应警惕台风发生东北转向的可能趋势。尝试对转向台风进行量化上的分析探究,为今后预报类似的台风提出一些参考思路。     

四川盆地一次西风槽和台风共同作用暴雨过程分析

利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、国家自动站逐小时地面观测资料、FY4A红外云图云顶温度资料,分析了四川盆地一次少见的西风槽和台风共同作用下的区域暴雨过程。结果显示:(1)本次过程主要影响系统为西风槽和台风,二者在四川盆地形成有利锋生的变形场。(2)变形场中心位置乐山市产生了区域性大暴雨,盆地东部处于锋生区,致使雨带向东移动。(3)台风为此次过程贡献了大量水汽。西风槽和地形作用促使雨带大致呈东北-西南带状分布。(4)西风槽后冷空气和台风外围偏东气流产生地面辐合线,是乐山MCS触发的重要因素。      

几次北上台风造成山东半岛暴雨和大风的对比分析

通过近几年对山东半岛有重大影响的几次热带气旋在北上过程中对山东半岛地区带来的强降水和大风的个例分析与对比研究,得出以下结论：登陆北上后在渤海湾入海的台风能给山东半岛带来大风和强降水;南方的台风倒槽与北部西风槽的共同影响,对远距离山东半岛地区降水影响较大,降水强度对台风倒槽与西风槽的结合点非常敏感;登陆转向类台风对山东降水和大风都有较大影响,但是由于其移动路径受高空副热带高压和北部西风槽的引导作用较大,故其路径的一点偏差都对结果有较大影响。     

台风与西风槽相互作用与赤道辐合带的北跳

利用历史天气图,台风年鉴,以及ＥＣＭＷＦ和ＮＭＣ再分析的风场等资料,研究盛夏一些系统的活动特征及赤道辐合带北跳及其在台风与西风槽相互作用型的关系,得到如下一些事实：（１）块状,自东向西移动的渤海日本海高压,准定常的,河套以东西风槽,低空偏东、偏南急流等系统的活动,都有利于出现台风与西风槽相互作用,有利于出现４００ｍｍ以上台风降水。（２）“７５．８”、“８４．８”和“９８．８”３个台风与西风槽相互作     

中低纬度环流系统的相互作用及其暴雨特征的模拟研究

利用MM5模式分别模拟了台风、中纬度西风槽对台风远距离槽前降水的影响.试验结果表明,(1)台风的强度影响了台风东侧东南急流向中纬度槽前的水汽输送.低层水汽输送,造成中纬度暴雨区强水汽辐合和不稳定能量积聚,故槽前降雨的强度与其南方台风东侧的水汽输送有着相当密切的关系.(2)中纬度西风槽提供了有利于台风远距离降水的大尺度背景场.西风槽的存在,有利于垂直运动的发展和维持,有利于降雨的产生和发展.模拟结果表明,槽的加强和减弱将会相应地造成中纬度暴雨区的加强和减弱.     

北方盛夏台风暴雨的天气型及其年际变率

１９４９－１９９６年的４８个盛夏期间，我国北方地区共有１０次过程雨量最大值大于４００ｍｍ的台风暴雨实例。从台风与西风槽相互作用的观点对这１０例进行分类。根据实践经验可以把台风槽、可套西风槽、日本海渤海高压、上海地区８５０ｈＰａ东南风急流以及弱冷空气入侵台风等５因子作为分型的判据。结果指出，１０例中只有发生于１９５０、１９６３、１９７５、１９８４和１９９６年８月上旬的５例属于相互作用型，其他５例不是     

0801号台风“浣熊”的路径和强度特征分析

利用一天四次的NECP格点再分析资料对台风的移动路径、强度突变进行分析。结果表明:台风"浣熊"的移动路径与副高位置的演变有关,而西风槽、脊的进退直接影响副高的演变。因此,副热带高压与西风槽、脊的相互作用是台风"浣熊"路径在北纬20度从西北偏北转向东北的原因;弱冷空气、东亚大槽槽前正涡度平流所产生的强辐散场是强度突变的重要原因;除此之外,越赤道气流与副热带高压的共同作用,不仅对台风"浣熊"强度突变有作用,同时也是其路径在南海从西北偏西转向西北偏北的原因。     

台风倒槽局地性强降雨分析

通过分析2002年第20号热带风暴“米克拉”在广西南部沿海登陆后引发远离台风暴雨的台风倒槽暴雨，以及与强降水有关的物理量场的变化、风廓线仪和地面风场的脉动，探讨了在台风倒槽与西风槽相结合处以强降水为主的强对流天气发生发展的环境条件。     

复杂条件陆-气相互作用研究领域有关科学问题探讨

实际大气都是在复杂条件之下,所以复杂条件带来的问题已成为陆-气相互作用研究领域面临的最大科学挑战,严重制约了该领域研究成果在解决实际天气气候问题中的应用。在概要总结近年来中国复杂条件陆-气作用研究领域进展的基础上,对复杂条件下陆-气相互作用有关的科学问题进行了探讨。从陆面过程和大气边界层这两个陆-气相互作用的关键环节分析了影响陆-气相互作用复杂条件的机制,归纳了复杂条件下陆-气相互作用研究领域面临的关键科学问题。同时,以复杂下垫面陆面过程和非均匀大气边界层问题为重点讨论了突破复杂条件陆-气相互作用关键科学问题的基本思路,并对进一步开展复杂条件陆-气相互作用研究提出了初步的科学建议。      

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS ON THE TROPICAL AIR-SEA INTERACTION WAVES

By means of the numerical method,the tropical air-sea interaction waves are studied.The results show that whenthe Kelvin waves are filtered out and only the equatorial Rossby waves are reserved both in the atmosphere and in theocean,the disturbances can also propagate eastward because of the air-sea interaction.The critical wavelength of theeastward propagating waves is related to the intensity of the air-sea interaction.The stronger the air-sea interaction,thelarger the eastward propagating components of the air-sea interaction waves.The results of the numerical experimentsare in good agreement with those of the theoretical analysis(Chao and Zhang,1988).     

夏季风过渡区的陆-气相互作用：述评与展望

夏季风过渡区是受夏季风影响最敏感的区域之一,其陆-气相互作用对夏季风气候动力学过程响应明显,该区域的陆-气相互作用及其对夏季风活动的响应是一个值得关注的重要科学问题。分析了中国夏季风过渡区的形成及其基本特征,讨论了夏季风过渡区陆-气相互作用过程研究的主要关注点,初步推测了该地区陆-气相互作用对夏季风变化的响应机制。指出该地区陆-气相互作用研究包含了多重互馈机制、陆面水-热-生过程耦合、近地层到自由大气的多界面交换、季风多尺度作用和特殊的陆面水分循环等一系列重要科学问题。同时,总结归纳了该领域的主要研究进展和关键科学问题,提出了未来应该重点研究的7个方面,并初步给出了研究试验的基本思路。为未来系统深入研究夏季风过渡区陆-气相互作用及其对夏季风活动响应问题提供了科学指导。      

Statistical Evidence for Asymmetry in ENSO–IOD Interactions

The interaction between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) has been noted in many previous studies. However, the interaction is often presumed to exist in a robust manner. This paper questions this assumption and looks for statistical evidence for the robust existence of the ENSO–IOD interaction rather than chance co-occurrences. Consistent definitions of ENSO and IOD events were developed so that ENSO and IOD events identified are comparable in nature, strength, persistence, and time of occurrence during the year, relative to their natural variability. We applied a combinatorial probability test to the probability tables of ENSO and IOD events to test for robustness of our results and those computed from two published works. Our findings show that there is an asymmetry in the interaction between ENSO and IOD. The interaction between El Niño (EN) and the positive and negative phases of the IOD (pIOD and nIOD, respectively) is more robust, enhancing the EN–pIOD co-occurrence and suppressing the EN–nIOD co-occurrence. On the other hand, the interaction between La Niña (LN) and either phase of the IOD cannot be said to exist with the same robustness; the interaction suppresses LN–pIOD co-occurrence, but the occurrence of LN–nIOD might be coincidental. Further research is needed to determine the cause and mechanisms for the asymmetry in the interaction between LN and pIOD/nIOD.     

The dynamics of barotropic vortex merging

The merging of multiple vortices is a fundamental process of the dynamics of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans. In this study, the interaction of like-signed vortices is analytically and numerically examined in a framework of two-dimensional inviscid barotropic flows. It is shown that barotropic vortex interaction turns out to be more intricate than simple merging scenarios often assumed in previous studies. Some particular configurations exist in which the vortex merging process is never complete despite strong interaction of like-signed vortices, regardless of the strengths or distances between the vortices. While the conditions for a complete vortex merging process introduced in this study appear to be too strict for most practical applications, this study suggests that careful criteria for vortex mergers should be properly defined when simulating the interaction of vortices, because the merging may not always result in a final enhanced circulation at the end of the interaction, as usually assumed in the literature.     

Progress of large-scale air-sea interaction studies in China

This paper summarizes the progress of large-scale air-sea interaction studies that has been achieved in China in the four-year period from July 1998 to July 2002, including seven aspects in the area of the air-sea interaction, namely air-sea interaction related to the tropical Pacific Ocean, monsoon-related air-sea interaction, air-sea interaction in the north Pacific Ocean, air-sea interaction in the Indian Ocean, air-sea interactions in the global oceans, field experiments, and oceanic cruise surveys. However more attention has been paid to the first and the second aspects because a large number of papers in the reference literature for preparing and organizing this paper are concentrated in the tropical Pacific Ocean, such as the ENSO process with its climatic effects and dynamics, and the monsoon-related air-sea interaction. The literature also involves various phenomena with their different time and spatial scales such as intraseasonal,annual, interannual, and interdecadal variabilities in the atmosphere/ocean interaction system, reflecting the contemporary themes in the four-year period at the beginning of an era from the post-TOGA to CLIVAR studies. Apparently, it is a difficult task to summarize the great progress in this area, as it is extracted from a large quantity of literature, although the authors tried very hard.     

一类非线性海气耦合波的研究

建立了一类非线性海气耦合波的模式,并用该模式作了解析研究,讨论了该类海气耦合波的存在条件,发现当海气耦合较强时分别存在以海洋为主导方面及以大气为主导方面的两支海气耦合波,而耦合较弱时则仅有前者存在。还求得了该模式中该类海气耦合波的椭圆余弦波解及孤立波解,并对以海洋为主导的海气耦合波的性质作了讨论,认为海气相互作用耦合也是产生大气季节内振荡的机制之一。     

THE AIR-SEA INTERACTION WAVES IN THE TROPICS AND THEIR INSTABILITIES

By using a simple air-sea coupled model,the interaction of Rossby waves between the air and sea inthe tropics is discussed.It is shown that the coupling of Rossby waves in the two media produces notonly the westward propagating waves,but also a type of new wave which moves eastward.The eastwardpropagating waves exist in the scope of comparatively long wavelengths and this scope is governed bythe intensity of the air-sea interaction.In addition,instability may appear in both the eastward and west-ward propagating waves,and the wave amplifying rates are also governed by the intensity of the air-seainteraction.In the end,a possible explanation to ENSO events is given in terms of the air-sea interactionwaves.     

Interaction between equatorially symmetric and asymmetric tropical eastern Pacific SSTs

The third version of the extended reconstructed sea surface temperature (SST) data spanning from 1880 to 2007 was used to investigate the interaction between equatorially symmetric and asymmetric tropical eastern Pacific SSTs. Principal component analysis and wavelet spectrum analysis showed that the asymmetric SST was dominated by an amplitude-modulated annual cycle, while the symmetric SST was a mixture of amplitude-modulated annual cycle and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The symmetric and asymmetric components were significantly correlated, particularly in March and October. In March, when ENSO is usually weak, the interaction between two components is mainly due to the interaction between the amplitude-modulated annual cycles of each component. On the other hand, in October, when ENSO is dominant, the interaction between amplitude-modulated asymmetric annual cycle and ENSO becomes dominant. The interaction in March is partly explained by anomalous southeasterly winds associated with the symmetric SST pattern reducing wind speed over the southeastern Pacific, causing an intensification of the asymmetric SST component. In October, the equatorial asymmetrical development of ENSO causes a significant correlation between the symmetric and asymmetric components.