COAST SEA LEVEL AND ASIAN MONSOON SYSTEM A DOWNCALING EXERCISE FOR CHINESE COAST

CDntnbutionNo.3236fromtheInstituteofthenology,ChinaseAcadeInyofSdenas.KeyprojeCt396MandProjeCt4M76274supp0rtedbyNSFC,andabosupportedbypnsident'sboofCh1nereAedernyofSdenas.IwnODUruONThemonsoonisacirculationfeaturethatisplanetaryinscaleandhasanidentiliablesignalregardingitSsubsequentintensitysomeninemonthspriortotheaCtivestageofthesummrmonsoon(WbsterandYang,l992,Vemekar,l994).Furthertnre,thernagnitudeofthemons00n'svariabilityissubstantialandidentifiableoveralargearmindudingthePadficd…     

A combined model of wind, wave, tide and storm surges

A combined numerical model of wind, wave, tide, and storm surges was built on the basis of the “wind field model in limited sea surface areas”. When used to forecast the sea surface wind, wave height and water level, it can describe them very well. Contribution No. 4108 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This work supported by Stress Project (KZ952-S1-420), Chinese Academy of Sciences; 863 Project (863-818-06-05), and (863-818-Q-07)     

EXERCISE IN DOWNSCALING ON SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ALONG CHINESE COAST

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｍｏｎｓｏｏｎｈａｓａｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｆｅａｔｕｒｅｔｈａｔｉｓｐｌａｎｅｔａｒｙｉｎｓｃａｌｅａｎｄａｎｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉａｂｌｅｓｉｇｎａｌｒｅｇａｒｄｉｎｇｉｔｓｓｕｂｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙｓｏｍｅｎｉｎｅｍｏｎｔｈｓｐｒｉｏｒｔｏｔｈｅａｃｔｉｖｅｓｔａｇｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｕｍｍｅｒｍｏｎｓｏｏｎ(ＷｅｂｓｔｅｒａｎｄＹａｎｇ,1992).Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｍｏｒｅ,ｔｈｅｍａｇｎｉｔｕｄｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｎｓｏｏｎｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙｉｓｓｕｂｓｔａｎｔｉａ…     

Fine-resolution simulation of surface current and sea ice in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas

A fine-resolution model is developed for ocean circulation simulation in the National Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Chinese Academy of Sciences, and is applied to simulate surface current and sea ice variations in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas. A dynamic sea ice model in elastic-viscous-plastic rheology and a thermodynamic sea ice model are employed. A 200-year simulation is performed and a dimatological average of a 10-year period (141st-150th) is presented with focus on sea ice concentration and surface current variations in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas. The model is able to simulate well the East Greenland Current, Beaufort Gyre and the Transpolar Drift, but the simulated West Spitsbergen Current is small and weak. In the March climatology, the sea ice coverage can be simulated well except for a bit more ice in east of Spitsbergen Island. The result is also good for the September scenario except for less ice concentration east of Greenland and greater ice concentration near the ice margin. The extra ice east of Spitsbergen Island is caused by sea ice current convergence forced by atmospheric wind stress.     

Contemporary climatic change over the qinghai-xizang plateau and its response to the green-house effect

The knowledge of contemporary climatic change over the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QXP) has been inadequate for a long time due to lack of enough observational data. In this paper, on the basis of monthly temperature and precipitation data in 1961–1990 from 48 stations on the QXP, the temperature data are extended backward to 1901 with an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method, microscopic characteristics of contemporary climatic change over the QXP are analyzed, and the response of the plateau climate to global warming is discussed in combination with atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) outputs. The results show that the plateau climate, as a whole, has been warming since the early part of this century, that the precipitation has generally been increasing during the recent 30 years, and that these climatic trends seem to be related to the enhanced green-house effect induced by increasing CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere. This work is supported by the National and CAS (the Chinese Academy of Sciences) Tibet Research Project.     

Temporal variations of hydrology and light transmission at two fixed observation stations in the East China Sea

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｉｓｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｔｗｏｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｔｈａｔａｆｆｅｃｔｔｈｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｆｌｕｘｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ(ＥＣＳ):ｏｎｅｉｓｔｈｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｆｉｎｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ(ｍｏｄｅｒｎ)ｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｔｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｅｒｏｆｔｈｅＥＣＳＣｏｌｄＥｄｄｙ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｉｓｔｈｅｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｅｄｍａｔｔｅｒ(ＳＭ)ｆｌｕｘｆｒｏｍ…     

EFFECT OF SULPHATE-REDUCING BACTERIA ON ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF 16Mn STEEL IN SEA MUD

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｗａｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｌｙｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｏｆｓｔｅｅｌｉｎｓｅａｍｕｄｗａｓｎｏｔｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ.Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｉｔｗａｓｌａｔｅｒｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｒａｔｅｏｆｓｔｅｅｌｉｎｓｏｍｅｓｅａｍｕｄｗａｓｈｉｇｈｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈａｔｉｎｓｅａｗａｔｅｒ(Ｋｉｎｇ,1980;Ｓｅｈｍｉｄｅ,1982;Ｇｕｏｅｔａｌ.,1997;Ｈｏｕ,1998).Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｓｏｍｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｒ…     

REGIONAL FEATURES OF LONG-TERM SST VARIATION IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC WARM POOL AREA

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＰａｃｉｆｉｃＷａｒｍＰｏｏｌ (ＷＰ)ｉｓａｓｅａａｒｅａｗｈｅｒｅｓｅａｓｕｒｆａｃｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ (ＳＳＴ)ｉｓｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔｉｎｔｈｅｇｌｏｂａｌｏｃｅａｎｓａｎｄａｉｒ ｓｅａｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｖｉｏｌｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅＰａｃｉｆｉｃ.Ｍａｎｙｒｅ ｃｅｎｔｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｔｈｅｒｍａｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ (ｉｎＳＳＴ ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ)ｏｆｔｈｅＷＰｐｌａｙ…     

Variability of thermohaline structure at 4°S, 156°E during TOGA COARE IOP

The thermohaline structure at 4°S, 156°E was analyzed based on CTD data acquired during the TOGA COARE Intensive Observing Period (IOP) from November, 1992 to February, 1993. The ocean responses during two Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) events were preliminarily studied based on meteorological field observation. The main water masses at the observation point were Tropical Surface Water, Southern Subtropical Lower Water and Southern Intermediate Water from surface downward. There was good correlation of sea surface temperature with the wind field, and of the surface salinity with wind speed and rainfalls. Both of the two surface variables were also modulated by upwelling caused by westerly winds at the observation point. The isohaline layer was not always shallower than the isothemal layer in this observation and could be considered as the lower limit of the diurnal variation of the isothernal layers in most cases. The existence of large variations of the maximum salinity core is suggested to be related to the meridional motion in that depth. Contribution No. 2264 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This project was supported by NSFC (No. 49176255).     

Electrochemical measurement of steel corrosion in seabottom sediment with “MD” method

The through one year corrosion potential and polarization resistance for 3 kinds of steels in seabottom sediment of Liaodong Bay were measured with the “MD” method. The measurements will have some theoretical and practical values. The theoretical value lies in that the recorded changing process of the practical corrosion case can be basis for indoor discussion and electrochemical research on the corrosion process. The practical value lies in that the obtained data can be basis for designing and controlling electrochemical protection systems. In fact, it is very difficult to measure in situ the corrosion parameters of steels in sea sediment. Contribution No. 2611 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This study is a major project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

A new pomfret species,Pampus minor sp. nov. (Stromateidae) from Chinese waters

Thirty-two 63.0–134.4 mm standard length specimens collected during 1954–1990 from the coastal waters of the South China Sea and the continental coast of the Taiwan Strait were identified as a new species,Pampus minor Liuet Li, sp. nov. Contribution No. 3329 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Study supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences Special Grant for Biota Research.     

ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF THE SEA SURFACE MICROLAYER NEAR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS AND MARINE FISH CULTURE ZONES IN DAYA BAY

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｓｅａｓｕｒｆａｃｅｍｉｃｒｏｌａｙｅｒ (ＳＭ)ｗｉｔｈｓｐｅｃｉａｌｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ,ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌａｎｄｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ,ｈａｄｂｅｅｎｗｅｌｌｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄａｓａｓｉｔｅｏｆｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｄｉｓｓｏｌｖｅｄａｎｄｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｔｅｏｒｇａｎｉｃｍａｔ ｔｅｒｉｎｖｏｌｖｉｎｇｐｈｙｔｏｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎａｎｄｂａｃｔｅｒｉａ (Ｈａｒｄｙ,1 982 ) .Ｔｈｉｓｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｈａｓｇｒｅａｔｉｍｐｏｒ…     

Equation on spatial variation of shallow water waves amplitude

Boussinesq’s theory was used in this study on water waves entering shallow water showing that the spacial variation of the wave amplitude is nonlinear, and is governed by the Duffing equation usually applied to describe nonlinear oscillation in nature. Contribution No. 3324 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project 49471276 supported by NSFC and the Ninth-Five-Year Key Project (KI952-s1-420) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Paleoclimatic Change Inferred from Carbon Isotope Composition of Organic Matter in Sediments of Dabusu Lake, Jilin Province, China

Study on the organic compounds and stable isotope composition of a sediment section in Dabusu Lake revealed that the organic materials in the sediments came mainly from terrestrial plants brought into the lake by rtmoff.The δ^13 C of the organic materials had high values during warm-dry climatic stages and decreased in cold-wet stages.Analysis of data on carbonate content and ^14C age showed that the lake basin had experienced several wet-cold and warm-dry climatic cycles since 15000 a BP. Since 6700 a BP, the climate reached a relatively stable warm-dry stage,so that the lake water was gradually condensed and finally a saline lake was formed.     

Impacts of sea level rise on coastal erosion in the Changjiang River delta and north Jiangsu coastal plain

At present, approximately 36% of coasts are experiencing net erosion in the Changjiang River delta and the north Jiangsu coastal plain. Future sea level rise will accelerate the process of coastal erosion. According to the ratio of the calculated value of coast retreat by Bruun rule to the estimated value by using measured data, the proportion affected by sea level rise in total coastal erosion has been estimated in this paper. When sea level rises by 20cm, the proportion determined by sea level rise will increase from 1.0% at present to 2.2% in the future in the coasts of abandoned Huanghe River delta and from 8.5%–9.6% to 13.5%–15.2% in the north and south banks of the Changjiang River delta. This result is lower than that from the similar research in the world, and this phenomenon is related with the special development process of the coasts in this area. The mechanism of accelerating coastal erosion by sea level rise is that sea level is will increase the intensity of tidal current, wave and storm surge and decrease the ability to reduce the force of waves on the tidal flat and coastal wetland due to the loss of their areas. Therefore, the length of erosion coasts will increase, the sedimentation rate of accretion coasts will decrease or even turn accretion into erosion, the width of tidal flat will reduce and coastal slope will increase. So the project of coastal protection of this area must be reinforced. Project funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Numerical Simulation of Wintertime Mesoscale Eddies in the East China Sea

INTRODUCTIONAnimportantachievementofoceanographysincethe 1960swasthediscoveryofmesoscaleed dieswithspatialscaleofhundredsofmeters,andtimescaleofhours;andaverageflowvelocityofabout 10cm s.Theenormousenergyofthemesoscaleeddyiscomparabletothatofacycloneoran ticycloneintheatmosphere .Themesoscaleeddyisoneoftheimportantfactorsthatdecidethechangeoftheocean .Intherecentdecades,ChineseandforeignscientistshavedonelotsofworkontheEastChinaSeasmesoscaleeddies,theformationmechanismofwhicharethefocuso…     

Preliminary study on the formation mechanism of counter western boundary undercurrents below the thermocline—A conceptual model

Based on a simple conceptual model of stratified ocean, the criterion of the geostrophic velocity inversion in and below the thermocline was derived ash′·ν′<0 and {ie1-1}, meaning that the slopes of the thermocline (h′) and the sea {ie1-2} must be opposite to each other, and thath′ must be strong enough to satisfy the latter inequality. The criterion was applied to discuss the features of the western boundary undercurrents, the counter undercurrents of the western boundary currents below the thermocline, and to discuss the dynamics of their formation finally resulting from the combination of the basin-scale circulation and local geostrophic balance. The formation mechanism, multicore structure, and transport variations of the Mindanao Undercurrent and those of other undercurrents, such as the North Equatorial Undercurrent and the Kuroshio undercurrent, can be satisfactorily explained by the above results. Research supported by the Postdoctoral Research Foundation and the NSFC (No. 49176255 and 49706066). Contribution No. 3405 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Interannual and interdecadal variability of East Asian monsoon and its relation to oceanic processes: a review

A key component of the East Asian climate system is seasonally varying monsoon wind. Its interannual and interdecadal variability, as well as underlying oceanic processes, is the subject of a recent project completed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. A series of research progress in the areas of monsoon winds, ocean responses, upwelling and productivity has been made and reviewed by this paper.     

AMMONIUM UPTAKE AND REGENERATION FLUXES OF THE MICROPLANKTON COMMUNITIES IN JIAOZHOU BAY

The results from four cruises(Nov.1991—Jul.1992)to examine fluxes of ammonium uptake andregeneration in the surface layer of Jiaozhou Bay are presented.Seasonal variations of the two fluxeswere in the order:summer>spring>autumn>winter.Diel patterns were characterized by higher uptake inthe daytime and higher regeneration at night.Averaged uptake and regeneration fluxes on an annual scalewere 0.073 and 0.053 μmol·L~(-1)·h~(-1)respectively.Regeneration fluxes were always less than uptakefluxes throughout the year.The longest turnover time was 16.34 d(in winter),and the shortest one was0.68 d(in summer).The major uptake flux was contributed by the smallest fraction-picoplankton.Theextents of light-dependence of ammouium uptake by different size fractions were in the order:netplankton>nanoplankton>picoplankton..     

Mass balance sensitivity to climate change: A case study of glacier No. 1 at urumqi riverhead, Tianshan Mountains, China

Ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｔｈｅｇｌｏｂａｌｓｕｒｆａｃｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｗｉｌｒｉｓｅａｔａｒａｔｅｏｆ０．３℃ｐｅｒ１０ａｉｎｔｈｅｎｅｘｔｓｅｖｅｒａｌｄｅｃａｄｅｓ（Ｈｏｕｇｈｔｏｎｅｔａｌ．,１９９０,１９９２;Ｓｈｉ,１９９５;...