基于面向对象技术的建筑物震害识别方法研究

2010年1月12日海地发生7.3级大地震,造成首都太子港大量建筑物损毁.从震后甚高分辨率遥感影像中可以发现在倒塌和部分倒塌建筑物的周围存在很多瓦砾.因此,可以将瓦砾作为建筑物倒损的震害特征.分别采用基于像元的方法、面向对象的方法、综合地统计学纹理的面向对象方法自动提取建筑物瓦砾,并对3种方法的分类精度进行了评价,研究...     

震后城市交通系统评估与改建

通过对城市交通系统震害预测方法的研究及实例分析，提出了道路富裕宽度及标准长度的概念，制定了根据路长修正城市道路砾阻塞量界限值的方案，计算结果表明，要害部位的选址对其功能的发挥影响巨大。按照本文方法改进相应的路段，城市交通系统可以基本达到高烈度地下震后逑为的要求。     

多点地震激励下基于改进振型位移法的反应谱方法

基于平稳随机振动理论，运用改进的振型位移法，得到结构多点输入改进的反应谱法，对其中相关系数进行了计算和讨论，对相关系数解析解进行了讨论，得到了解析公式的适用范围。最后通过算例进行了本文方法与MSRS方法计算结果比较，说明本文方法推导是正确的，收敛速度高于MSRS方法。     

结构-地基相互作用体系动力特性参数的简化计算方法

本文首先介绍了几种计算结构－地基相互作用体系动力特性的简化方法，并用振动台模型试验的数据资料进行计算分析，讨论了各方法的局限性；在此基础上，提出了一种改进的简化计算方法。在该方法中，主要改进是合理考虑了桩基对体系刚度的贡献。     

中山市交通系统地震易损性分析

交通系统地震易损性分析主要是针对系统中的道路、桥梁及路边建筑破坏的影响。分别采用经验统计法、单体桥梁分析方法、瓦砾堆积物计算方法得到了各自对应的道路路段通行概率,而这三个因素共同构成了道路路段的最终通行概率,通过Monte-Carlo算法即可得出交通系统连通可靠性。根据分析结果寻找薄弱环节,为制定相应的防震减灾对策提供依据。     

单程波李代数深度积分的精度分析和算法改进

本文在利用拟微分算子和象征理论研究单程波传播规律的基础上,详细分析了单平方根算子李代数深度积分存在的问题,利用改进的算法对单平方根算子进行大步长延拓,计算其李代数积分和指数映射,得到地震波走时的解析表达式.对方法改进前后李代数积分象征中系数校正情况和线性横向变速介质中走时的计算误差进行了对比,数值算例表明,改进后的方法收敛更快,减少了计算时间且提高了计算精度.     

SQ—70型倾斜仪调仪器后校正值计算的改进方法

根据倾斜固体潮波记录曲线的特性及多年工作的经验，对现行观测中，调仪器时间较长或停记时间较长情况下进行校正值的计算提出了一种改进方法，该方法能较好地提高校正值计算的精度，使校正值更为合理。     

岩石非均匀性对超声衰减的影响及其修正

在充分考虑了岩石的非均匀性引起的Rayleigh散射对衰减测量值的影响后，通过有关理论和计算，将岩石的本征衰减和散射加以区分，对原先以均匀介质为基本假定的频谱比法进行了修正，改进后的频谱比法可在较宽的频率范围内进行Q值计算，避免了传统频谱比法在不同频段上得出不同的Q值的不确定性问题，同时，我们还引进并改进了频率移动法，我们将传统和改进的频谱比法，以及频率移动法应用于同一套实验数据，计算结果符合较好。     

结构非线性地震反应分析的改进能力-需求曲线方法

对能力-需求曲线法提出了三方面改进，即直接以POA侧推曲线换算得的能力曲线代替简化二折线能力谱、用具有包络意义的双能力曲线考虑加载模式的不确定性、用双需求力曲线考虑结构非线性恢复力模型的不确定性；对改进能力-曲线方法与时程分析方法的计算结果进行了对比，并给出了具有统计意义的改进能力-需求曲线方法结果的评判方法。算例表明，改进方法能够有效减小能力谱和需求曲线建立过程中不确定性因素对分析结果所造成的误差，具有更好的工程适用性。     

区域地震范围的宽频带理论地震图算法研究

本文研究一种计算区域地震范围宽频带理论地震图的快速算法．对于层状地球介质模型，使用广义反射、透射系数矩阵和离散波数积分方法计算理论地震图．为了减少计算时间，改进了Ｆｉｌｏｎ波数积分方法，并用它来计算波数积分．数值模拟表明，在计算震中距为３００ｋｍ的理论地震图时，计算速度提高了１倍．     

Tangential‐projection algorithm for manifold representation in unidentifiable model updating problems

The problem of updating a structural model and its associated uncertainties by utilizing structural response data is addressed. In an identifiable case, the posterior probability density function (PDF) of the uncertain model parameters for given measured data can be approximated by a weighted sum of Gaussian distributions centered at a number of discrete optimal values of the parameters at which some positive measure‐of‐fit function is minimized. The present paper focuses on the problem of model updating in the general unidentifiable case for which certain simplifying assumptions available for identifiable cases are not valid. In this case, the PDF is distributed in the neighbourhood of an extended and usually highly complex manifold of the parameter space that cannot be calculated explicitly. The computational difficulties associated with calculating the highly complex posterior PDF are discussed and a new adaptive algorithm, referred to as the tangential‐projection (TP) algorithm, allowing for an efficient approximate representation of the above manifold and the posterior PDF is presented. Using this approximation, expressions for calculating the uncertain predictive response are established. A numerical example involving noisy data is presented to demonstrate the proposed method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑坝体材料非线性的混凝土拱坝地震反应分析

本文基于可信概率水准的破坏性强震作用,针对小湾高拱坝进行了考虑坝体材料非线性的拱坝地震反应分析。在分析模型中,同时考虑了无约束域地震能量辐射效应和近域地基材料非均匀性的影响。为了实现非线性条件下的静、动力组合分析,利用显式有限元结合修正的黏弹性人工边界的开放系统时域静、动力统一分析方法进行了求解,对在自重作用下的初始静力解计算采用了动力松弛技术。     

潜在震源区地震年平均发生率确定方法的再探讨

应用断裂带地震复发条件概率作为潜在震源区空间概率函数来确定潜在震源区地震的年平均发生率，并运用断层分段的结果，依据其给定震级地震的平均复发间隔，计算出了未来５０年地震复发的条件概率。并以南北天山地震带为例进行了计算。结果表明，该方法是可行的，计算结果是适宜的。     

软钢耗能器可靠度的分析方法

本文以低周疲劳破坏作为软钢耗能器的破坏模式,建立了弹塑性滞回变形幅值和滞回循环次数的概率分析方法。在此基础上,按照线性累积损伤准则,提出了大震作用下软钢耗能器可靠度的分析方法。最后,通过算例分析证明了上述方法的可行性。     

Methodology of disaster risk assessment for debris flows in a river basin

“Disaster risk assessment” is important in the planning of risk management strategies that reduce societal losses. However, governmental agencies in Taiwan generally assess risks that emerge from debris flows without adequately considering risk management and taking a systems approach. This work proposes an approach to thoroughly consider the interactive influence mechanism of debris flow disaster risk. Additionally, a systematic method for assessing disaster risks is developed. This proposed method can be used in the current risk assessment and as a basis for management strategy planning. Based on systems thinking, the components and attributes of a conceptual system of disaster risk management associated with debris flows in a river basin are identified. Subsequently, a conceptual mitigation–hazard–exposure–resistance framework and an indicator system for assessing the debris flow disaster risks in a river basin are identified. The disaster risks for each exposed community in each drainage zone can be systematically calculated based on the current status or plans of prevention and evacuation measures using the proposed indicator system. A case study of implementing the proposed methodology that involves the Chishan River Basin is presented, in which disaster risk according to the current status of prevention and evacuation measures is assessed. Drainage zones and communities with a significant debris flow disaster risk are located; this risk is associated with a lack of adequate prevention and evacuation measures that have been planned of government agencies. Analytical results indicate that the proposed methodology can systematically and effectively assess the disaster risks of a river basin. The proposed methodology provides a valuable reference for governmental agencies that must manage disaster risk associated with debris flows.     

Stochastic Modeling of Extreme Precipitation: a Regional Approach

Water Resources - A generalized step-by-step statistical method for calculating the maximal precipitation sums of low probability is proposed. The method is applied to the case of daily...     

一种改进的基于网格搜索的微地震震源定位方法

震源定位是微地震监测技术要解决的主要问题.目前,井下微地震监测多采用走时拟合法计算震源位置.常规方法受到环境噪声、初至拾取误差、速度模型误差等因素的影响,定位结果存在一定误差.为了提高定位精度,本文提出了一种改进的基于网格搜索的微地震震源定位方法.本文方法根据P波的偏振特征参数计算概率密度函数求取震源方位角,并采用改进的目标函数和搜索算法计算震源的径向距离和深度.模型数据和实际资料的处理结果表明,本文方法具有较强的抗噪性,计算得到的震源方位角更加接近真实值;与常规目标函数相比,本文方法采用的目标函数具有更好的收敛性,其定位结果受初至拾取误差和速度模型误差的影响更小;本文提出的搜索算法能够消除由于错误拾取造成的观测到时中的异常值对定位结果的影响.     

Post-analysis simulation of the collapse of an open sabo dam of steel pipes subjected to boulder laden debris flow

The objective of the proposed method is to utilize a site investigation of a debris flow disaster and verify a real scale analysis to evaluate the impulsive load on an open sabo dam. The Nagiso debris flow disaster which occurred in Nagano in 2014, where damage caused by Typhoon Neogri was studied. The verification result of the site investigation demonstrated the weak components of the open Sabo dam experienced damage owing to the debris flow. A discrete element method is normally applied to a solid body to calculate an interaction function force with respect to the contact point between boulders and the dam. The numerical method initially concatenates elements that model the open Sabo dam. Moreover, the stiffness coefficient of flanges and coupling joints between pipes was expressed to utilize the sectional partition method to determine the structural characteristics. The method was improved to separate from the connecting elements beyond the boundary conditions. The debris flow model uses a water flow distribution model, and the debris flow flowed from 200 m upstream of the open sabo dam. Accordingly, the proposed method was examined to verify the primary cause of damage to the open sabo dam and used to reproduce the circumstances that evaluated the impulsive load occurrence mechanism in the case of a real disaster. In addition, the coupling joints between the hollow steel pipes utilized a ‘reproduction analysis’ for a real sabo dam and a ‘reinforced analysis’ for a reinforced sabo dam were applied to assess the weak point of the dam.     

太旧高速公路周缘地区地震灾害损失预测与防震减灾对策

概述了太旧高速公路周缘地区（１９个县市）的地震灾害。在寻建筑物的类型进行划分的基础上,用地震安全性评定的综合概率法计算每个单元遭遇烈度的概率,得到了各类建筑物的易损性矩阵,最后计算得出１９个计算单元所有建筑物的破坏数量和预期经济损失,并对计算结果进行了分析和比较,最后提出防震减灾对策。