广西玉林地区发现早泥盆世笔石相地层

广西区域调查队三分队近年来在玉林地区开展1:5万区调工作时,于玉林附近发现早泥盆世笔石相地层。这是继在钦州地区发现早泥盆世笔石相地层之后的又一新成果,为广西早泥盆世地层的划分和对比,以及研究广西地壳运动提供了新资料。     

广西志留系的基本特征

广西志留系在桂南、桂东南一带发育完善,下、中、上三统均有出露,由一套厚达7000m的半深海、深海复理石、类复理石碎屑岩组成,富含笔石化石。随着区调工作的深入开展,钦州、玉林一带相继发现早泥盆世含笔石地层,并与上志留统整合接触;岑溪糯洞亦发现含曲靖鱼的下泥盆统与上志留统整合接触。该区不但是我国华南唯一海相志留—泥盆系连续出露的地区,也是我国研究中上志留统以及志留系与泥盆系界线比较理想的地     

广西钦州、玉林一带志留纪及泥盆纪地层的新观察

<正> 广西钦州地区的志留纪地层早在1959年张捷芳即已报道,除新建立的上志留统防城组外,下志留统和中志留统均沿用广东西部的地层名称,分别称为连滩组和文头山组(穆恩之,1962)。钦州地区的泥盆纪地层是近年来发现的,汪啸风(1977)曾经作过报道。1977—1978年,广西区测队在玉林地区发现了泥盆纪含笔石及竹节石地层,部分标本送南京地质古生物研究所鉴定。笔者等于1980年4—5月在钦州县那丽公社及小董公社,和玉林县樟木公社及南江公社等地测制剖面,采集化石。现将几点地层上的看法,简报如     

广西岑溪地区泥盆系志留系地质特征及其意义

广西岑溪地区志留系为半深,深海笔石相－滨浅海腕足相的碎屑岩地层序列,属地槽型沉积产物;泥盆系为滨岸碎屑岩相－台地碳酸盐岩相－槽盆硅质岩相的地层序列,富含鱼,腕足等多门类化石,具地台型沉积特征,泥盆系与志留系之间为平行不整事接触,表明广西运行在本区表现国整体抬升遭受剥蚀而非强烈的造山运动,其集中暴发时间在早泥盆世早期,前奏可追溯到中志留世。由于这一运动,结束了本区早古生代地槽的发展历史,此后进入准地     

广西玉林早泥盆世笔石群

广西玉林新桥以西分布着一套灰黄色、灰白色、黄褐色泥岩夹砂岩和粉砂岩地层,厚度达千米左右,其顶底均为断层所截(插图1)。过去依据其中产Monoclimacis vomerinus(Nicholson)等笔石,定其时代为中晚志留世。 1979年底至1980年初,广西区调队姚肇贵等同志在原樟木北均塘至桃子岭“中上志留统”剖面及其附近地层中采获许多笔石,经穆恩之等和笔者研究多为早泥盆世属种。为了填重起见,笔     

广西大厂矿田上泥盆统五指山组地层岩石地球化学特征

<正>泥盆系地层是我国广西地区最重要的含矿层位,赋存于其中的金属矿产资源极为丰富,部分矿种储量位居全国前列,长期以来具有极其重要的经济地位。该区泥盆系地层中矿产的地理分布以高度集中为特色,尤其是一批大型、超大型矿床的集中产出与分布,从一定程度上决定了广西乃至全国以锡为主的多金属矿     

广西不同相区下、中泥盆统的划分和对比

广西的泥盆纪地层分布广泛,化石丰富,岩相复杂;我国泥盆系的几种沉积类型,在此区均有出露,是研究我国泥盆系的重点地区之一。华南多数泥盆纪层型剖面均建立于此区。建国三十年来,对广西泥盆纪的地层序列,进行了分组建带工作,描述了大量的化石群,划分了不同的沉积类型。但是关于广西泥盆纪地层的划分和对比,特别是与洲际间的对比,以及广西境内不同相区的对比,长期以来未得解决。本文试从牙形刺和竹节石的组     

江西永新、宁岡一带奥陶纪笔石地层

引言江西西部的笔石地层是在近几年才发现的。1961年,江西省地质局区测三分队首次在宁冈县棋子石的前泥盆纪“演吉岭系”浅变质岩系中发现了奥陶纪笔石。1962年,我队地层组先后在永新、宁冈及井冈山等地(图1)详细测制剖面,系统采集化石。此次采获的化石很多,全属笔石。这里仅就上述地区的笔石地层剖面予以介绍,提供参考。江西西部奥陶纪笔石地层,过去尚无报导。因此,这些材料的研究,对本区奥陶纪地层的分组建带工作都很有帮助。值得提出的是,我国南方很多地区中奥陶统上部(如砚瓦山组或宝塔组)多为介壳相的碳酸盐岩沉积,笔石极为少见,但本区则全为笔石碎屑岩相。因之,江西西部笔石地层的研究及与邻区对比,对了解我国古地史发展特征,提供了重要材料。     

皖南赣北地区早、中奥陶世含笔石黑色岩系地层地球化学的研究

<正> 地层地球化学是研究地球物质元素组成在地层中元素富存形式及其演化,即地层中物质元素组成的时空规律(侯德封,1959)。元素在地层中的分布和演变反映了自然条件和沉积环境的变化历史,元素的共生组合揭示岩石的成因和形成条件,所以地层地球化学是地层研究中的一个重要内容。同时,地层地球化学研究对于进一步揭示生物群兴衰、演替绝灭的历史,及其与环境介质变化之间的关系也有着十分重要的意义。 皖南赣北地区早、中奥陶世宁国组和胡乐组含笔石黑色岩系发育较好,地层出露完整,笔石化石丰富,笔石带序列齐全,生物地层研究较为详细(许杰,1934;陈旭等,1964;钱     

内蒙古锡林郭勒盟东乌珠穆沁旗早泥盆世地层新见

2011—2013年,在内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟东乌旗额仁高毕地区开展1∶5万巴彦呼热等四幅区域地质调查期间,在原划归泥盆系上统的安格尔音乌拉组的变质粉砂岩、变质泥岩中首次发现大量笔石、海百合茎及腕羽化石。其中,笔石含有Uncinatograptus uniformis (P?ibyl, 1940)、Neomonograptus hercynicus (Perner, 1948)和Neomonograptus falcarius (Koren, 1969)等,时代为早泥盆世洛赫考夫期。从岩性上看,这套地层也与安格尔音乌拉组有明显区别。因此,该套地层系内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗地区乃至兴安地区发现的下泥盆统底部地层,并归入下泥盆统泥鳅河组(D_1n)。     

Devonian graptolites from southwestern Europe: a review with new data

Lower Devonian graptolite faunas have been recognized in the Normandy and southeastern regions of the Armorican Massif, France; the Pyrenees and Catalonian Coastal Ranges regions and northern Minorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; the southern Hesperian Massif (Ossa Morena Zone) of the Iberian Peninsula; and from southeastern Sardinia, Italy. All but one the of the graptolite faunas collected throughout this large region are from Lochkovian age strata, representing the Monograptus uniformis, Monograptus praehercynicus, and Monograptus hercynicus biozones corresponding to the lower, middle and upper Lochkovian, respectively, and mostly represented by monospecific or low diversity assemblages. Although many individual sections contain representatives of two of the biozones, relatively few reveal all three. A single, poorly preserved faunule, collected in the Ossa Morena region of Spain from strata dated by brachiopods as Pragian–early Emsian may represent the only known graptoloid fauna of post-Lochkovian age. Almost all graptolites have been recovered from condensed successions of black shales and limestone nodules, similar to those of other proto-Tethyan (i.e. outer shelf, with dominantly pelagic faunas) regions such as Thuringia, Bohemia, the Carnic Alps and northwestern Africa. The two exceptions are an occurrence in a shallow-water, coarser clastic sequences at the Carteret locality in Normandy and in deep water turbidites on the island of Minorca. Graptolites are not known from any other thick, shallow water clastic sequences, although whether this is because of paleo environmental exclusion or simply lack of recovery to date is unknown. Other fossil evidence (e.g. chitinozoans), however, indicates continuous marine sedimentation from the Silurian to Devonian. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

广西玉林早泥盆世早期腕足动物生物地层研究

在广西玉林樟木地区早泥盆世北均塘组、良合塘组、樟木组３５属４８种腕足动物演化和地层分布特征研究的基础上,建立了６个腕足动物生物带（自下而上）：１．Ｑｕａｄｒｉｔｈｙｒｉｎａｅｘｐａｎｓａ－Ｐｒｏｄａｖｉｄｓｏｎｉａｍｉｒａｂｉｌｉｓ带;２．Ｇｒａｙｉｎａｍａｇｎｉｆｉｃａｇｕａｎｇｘｉｅｓｉｓ－Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｐｈｏｒｉａｓｕｌｃａｔｉｎａ带;３．Ｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｒｉｏｐｓｉｓｃｏｓｔａｔｕｓ带;４．Ｇｒａｙｉｎａｍａｇｎｉｆｉｃａｓｉｎｉｃａ带;５．Ｑｕａｄｒｉｔｈｙｒｉｓｒｏｂｕｓｔａ－Ｂｏｕｃｏｔｉａ带;６．Ｑｒｉｅｎｔｏｓｐｉｒｉｆｅｒｗａｎｇｉ带。依据国际对比和与笔石的层位关系认为：第１－３带为晚洛赫柯夫期,并且１、２、３带很可能分别相当晚洛赫柯夫早、中、晚期;第４带为早布拉格早期;第５、６带分别相当中、晚布拉格期。     

中国瓣甲鱼类化石的生物地层学意义

瓣甲鱼类在我国泥盆系中分布较广,具有相当重要的生物地层学意义。根据化石在地层中的分布,我国的辦甲鱼类自上而下可分为5个组合(带):拟辦鱼一广西辦甲鱼(Quasipetalichthys-Guangsipetalichthys)组合,宽头鱼(Eurycaraspis)带,中华瓣甲鱼-西南瓣甲鱼(Sinipetalichthys-Xinanpetalichthys)组合,新瓣鱼(Neopetalichthys)带,滇东瓣甲鱼(Diandongpetalichthys)带。它们的时代分别相当于吉维期,吉维期早期,布拉格期,布拉格期早期和洛赫科夫期早期。     

广西玉林北均塘组腕足动物群的发现及意义

首次报道了广西玉林林木北均塘组校深水相腕足动物群。论证了其较深水相的性质；讨论了部分种的演化；建立了四个腕足生物带；简述了与笔石带的关系并进行了国际对比；确定其时代为晚洛赫柯夫－早布拉格早期，得出腕足动物集群具有快速迁移能力的结论；鱼化石的发现也为我国华南早泥盆世早期海相与陆相地层的对比提出了线索。     

Devonian Sequence Stratigraphy and Sea Level Change Cycles in South China

southChinaisoneofWellknownregionSwitheddeVelops~~inthe~es~intheGulzhouandG~provinCeSwherethe~manhashowellstudiedwithgreatachie~,whichhave~a~a~nfromthe~iSbothatdomticandabroad.SinCelabac~hasbornethe.hotPOint"forthemeearchofoutcrops~stratigraphyinClam,andconS~yyieldssomehigh--qualitypapeds(Muetal.,1992;XuandMa1992;Xuetal.,1993;DUetal.,1994;DUandYak1994;Gongatal.,1994;Wuetal.,1994;ChenandChen,1994a,b).Onthebasisofco~noftheDevonhasequenceinGultheuandG~,SouthernQinlingandho~han.thispape…     

Devonian Sea-Level Change Rhythms in South China and Coupling Relationships Among the Earth-spheres

Twenty orthosequences and their corresponding sea-level change (SLC) cycles have been recognized in the Devonian overlying the Caledonian unconformity, of which 9, 5.5 and 5.5 occurred in the Lower, Middle and Upper Devonian respectively. They can be grouped into 4 orthosequence sets, in which the maximum flooding surfaces lie in the sulcutus Zone (D12), perbonus Zone (D13), Middle and Upper varcus Zone (D22) and gigas Zone (D21) respectively. Four instant palaeogeographical reconstructions of South China have been made in the Emsian and Givetian. Devonian sea-level change rhythms of South China can be divided into 3 categories: the autorhythmic, the worldwide and regional allorhythmic, and the coupling-rhythmic. They developed respectively in the Famennian, Pragian, Eifelian, Lochkovian, Emsian, Givetian, Frasnian and the F / F (between the Frasnian and Famennian) event. The cause of the worldwide allorhythmic SLC of the Pragian and Eifelian under comparatively dry, warm and tranquil conditions may be     

Palynostratigraphy of the Chapada Group and its significance in the Devonian stratigraphy of the Paraná Basin,south Brazil

The Alto Garças Sub-basin in the northern part of the Paraná Basin evolved differently from the Apucarana Sub-basin in the south. The marine environment was shallower in the Alto Garças Sub-basin, which contains proportionately more silty and arenaceous rocks. The formations and members defined in the Apucarana Sub-basin are therefore difficult to apply in the Alto Garças Sub-basin, where the Chapada Group (units 1–4) is more applicable. An integrated miospore and chitinozoan biozonation of the Chapada Group facilitates direct correlation between the Chapada Group’s units and the classical formations of the Paraná Basin as defined in the Apucarana Sub-basin. The Furnas Formation and Chapada unit 1 constitute the same lithostratigraphic unit. Beds with rhyniophytes in the uppermost part of the Furnas Formation contain palynomorphs representative of the Si phylozone within the MN spore Zone (late Lochkovian), and the rhyniophyte beds occupy the same stratigraphic interval within Chapada unit 1 (the Lochkovian of the Paraná Basin lacks chitinozoans). The lower part of Chapada unit 2 contains spores of the PoW Su spore Zone and chitinozoans of the Ramochitina magnifica and Ancyrochitina pachycerata zones, together indicating a late Pragian–early Emsian age-span. The upper part of Chapada unit 2 corresponds to the GS (AP) and Per (AD pre-Lem) spore Zones, and chitinozoans of the Ancyrochitina parisi, the informal Ancyrochitina varispinosa and Alpenachitina eisenacki chitinozoan zones, thus suggestive of a late Emsian – earliest Givetian age-span. Unit 3 is a proximal and lateral facies equivalent of the upper part of unit 2. The lower part of unit 4 includes spores typical of the early Givetian Lli (AD Lem) spore Zone and chitinozoans of the Ramochitina stiphrospinata chitinozoan Zone; the uppermost (early late Frasnian) part contains spores of the lower BMu (IV) spore Zone and chitinozoans of the Lagenochitina avelinoi chitinozoan Zone. The sandstones of unit 3 were inundated during the earliest Givetian, and the resultant flooding surface marks the base of unit 4 basin-wide. Clearly, the two sub-basins were distinct depositional centers during the Devonian.     

西藏泥盆纪海相红层的分布与时代

在作者及前人对西藏地区泥盆纪地层学、古生物学等资料研究的基础上,作者对该区泥盆纪海相红层进行了初步的系统整理。共识别出6层(套)海相红层,它们是:早泥盆世扎西岗组海相红层(洛赫柯夫阶—布拉格阶)(XDRB1)和春节桥组上部海相红层(埃姆斯阶)(XDRB2),中泥盆世海通组海相红层(艾费尔阶)(XDRB3)和丁宗隆组底部海相红层(吉维阶)(XDRB4),晚泥盆世查果罗玛组(下部)海相红层(弗拉斯阶)(XDRB5)和羌格组顶部海相红层(法门阶)(XDRB6)。所有海相红层均形成于近岸或浅水碳酸盐岩台地环境,因此,属于浅水-半深水陆棚红层,此外,还讨论了中国南方泥盆纪海相红层的分布及全球法门期海相红层广布事件。     

甘肃永登石灰沟中堡群及马营沟群的笔石层位

甘肃省永登石灰沟中奥陶统中堡群 (OZ)中的笔石群属兰代洛阶至卡拉多克阶早期 ,共 3个笔石层位 ,其中包括 2个笔石带 :(1)Glyptograptusteretiusculus带 ,(2 )Nemagraptusgracilis带 ;1个笔石层 :(3)ClimacograptusstyloidesLapworth -C .antiquuslineatusEllesetWood层。下志留统马营沟群 (S1my)笔石群属兰多维利阶中期 ,1个笔石层是RastritesapproximatusGeinitzi(Tornquist)层。     

安徽省宁国县胡乐地区含笔石地层研究新进展

在原划归寒武系的西阳山组顶部发现了早奥陶世新厂期的笔石,可分出Stauro-graptus带和Anisograptus-Clonograptvs带,分别可与广东台山地区的新1和新2带对比。在皖南胡乐组中首次发现了Nemagraptus gracilis种,修正补充了前人对皖南胡乐组笔石带的划分。本文自下而上建立了三个笔石带:1.Glossograptus hincksii带,2.Nemagraptus gracilis带和3.Dicranograptus sinensis-Climacograptus bicornis带。