大别山北部蛇绿岩的地球化学制约

常量元素,微量元素,稀土元素,Ｎｄ同位素及氧同位素地球化学特征表明,太别山北部变质镁铁－超镁铁质岩带中存在变质的蛇绿岩,它主要由变质橄榄岩,辉长岩（－辉绿岩？）和基性熔岩三部分组成,其中,变质的基性熔岩的亏损地幔模式年龄ｔＤＭ／Ｍａ＝１０３６．８～１２９３．８,εＮｄ（ｔ）＝７．２～７．７,表明它可能代表１０００Ｍａ左右形成于中等扩张速率（２ｃｍ／ａｄ左右）洋盆条件下的洋壳残片。     

冀西北水泉沟正长岩杂岩体的成因

水泉沟碱性正长岩杂岩体侵入于太古宇桑干群变质岩中，岩体主要由碱性长石正长岩、角闪碱长正长岩、正长岩、石英碱长正长岩等组成，属碱性岩系列，在岩石的石英颗粒中见有熔融包体的存在。岩石的稀土元素分布模式呈平滑的右倾模式，无明显的铕异常。岩石的Ｐｂ同位素组成为２０６Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝１６．４５７～１８．２８６、２０７Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝１５．２７０～１５．４７２、２０８Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝３６．５３９～３７．３９３，石英的δ１８Ｏ值为８．０‰～８．５‰，（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ≈０．７０５，岩石的ｔＤＭ为１．６～１．９Ｇａ，εＮｄ（ｔ）为－７．４５～－１３．１，明显大于区域基底的εＮｄ（ｔ）值（－２０±）。以上结果表明，岩体为上地幔和下地壳物质部分熔融的产物。岩体角闪石３９Ａｒ－４０Ａｒ年龄３２７Ｍａ，为海西期岩浆作用的产物     

艾斯卡熔矿测定铜阳极泥中的银

采用碳酸钠—氧化锌半熔法分解试样,火焰原子吸收光度法测定铜阳极泥中０Ｘｋｇ／ｔ－ＸＸｋｇ／ｔ银,测定结果可满足工业生产原料分析及生产质量控制分析要求。     

某矿床铂钯等贵金属元素的电子探针分析

某矿床为一大型的铜镍铂钯矿床,原矿石化学分析有用元素为：Ｐｔ１－３８ｇｔＰｄ２－３６ｇｔ、Ｃｕ０－１４％、Ｎｉ０－２２％。显微镜观察发现,矿石主要金属矿物为黄铜矿、紫硫镍矿、黄铁矿、磁铁矿、铬铁矿,脉石矿物为蛇纹石、辉石等。经显微镜观察以及电子探针扫描分析,铂钯矿物在矿石中嵌布颗粒粒度细小,与不同矿物连生,根据电子探针分析,仍有许多超显微状态的铂钯矿物赋存在硫化矿物中。１　样品制备与仪器设备及实验条件从原矿石中挑选部分有代表性矿石,切割抛光制成矿石光片,经显微镜镜下鉴定后,留待进行电子探针分…     

2-[2-(5-甲基苯并噻唑)偶氮]-5-二乙氨基苯甲酸的离解平衡及其与铁的显色反应

研究了新显色剂２－［２－（５－甲基苯并噻唑）偶氮］－５－二乙氨基苯甲酸（５－Ｍｅ－ＢＴＡＥＢ）的离解平衡及与Ｆｅ２＋形成配合物的条件。在十二烷基硫酸钠的存在下,５－Ｍｅ－ＢＴＡＥＢ与Ｆｅ２＋形成稳定的蓝紫色２∶１配合物,其最大吸收波长为６４０ｎｍ,表观摩尔吸光系数为１．０３×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。Ｆｅ２＋的质量浓度在０～４８０μｇ／Ｌ时服从比尔定律。方法用于部级铝合金标样中微量铁的测定,结果与推荐值相符,对ｗ（Ｆｅ）为０．１％～０．５％的样品测定１０次,ＲＳＤ在０．８５％～１．９５％,用于测定矿泉水中ｗ（Ｆｅ）／１０－６铁的测定,ＲＳＤ＜１．５％（ｎ＝７）,加标回收率９８．９％～９９．４％     

福建省花岗岩类Nd-Sr同位素特征及其意义

本文报道了福建省范围内前人分析数据稀疏或空白区域内的１８个古生代－中生代花岗岩体的Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ同位素组成：εＮｄ（ｔ）＝－３．６～－１６．４,（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７０５５～０．７３１８,ｔＤＭ＝１．２～２．３Ｇａ。结合前人分析数据,区分出三个地域区带：福安－南靖断裂以东的沿海带：εＮｄ（ｔ）＝－１．５～－６．８,（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７０５６～０．７０９９,ｔＤＭ＝１．１～１．４５Ｇａ,弧后伸展构造背景下的幔－壳岩浆混合是该带花岗岩的主要成岩方式;福安－南靖断裂以西的内陆区域：εＮｄ（ｔ）＝－４．０～－１６．４,（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７０６４～０．７４１０,ｔＤＭ＝１．３～２．３,其中加里东－印支期花岗岩主要由与麻源群相当之地壳物质部分熔融形成,而燕山期花岗岩,一部分由与麻源群相当或较年轻的地壳物质部分熔融产生,也有一部分可能由壳－幔岩浆混合形成;福建省南部的纬向带：εＮｄ（ｔ）＝－３．６～－７．５,（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７０５５～０．７０９９,ｔＤＭ＝１．２～１．５５,同位素特征与沿海带相似,但该带构造拉张发育时间较沿海带略早     

冀东麻粒岩系变质峰期水活度,氧逸度及其化学位变化——以太平寨—娄子山地区

脱水反应的热力学计算确定本区太古宙麻粒岩系变质峰期水活度很低,太平寨地区富铝片麻岩和紫苏黑云片麻岩－麻粒岩中ａＨ２Ｏ值一般均在０．１０～０．２０之间,娄子山地区相对稍高,一般为０．１５～０．２５。全区峰期氧逸度ｌｇｆｏ２在－８～－１４之间。（эμＨ２Ｏ／эＸＭｇ＾Ｂｔ）和（эμＯ２／ＸＭｇ＾Ｂｔ）系数平均值太平寨地区分别为－０．２９３和－１．６０,娄子山地区分别为－０．３６４和－１．４２。全区αＨ２Ｏ很低,轴一地区上述各种数值相当均匀,不同地区则有一定差异,这些特征与“碳质变质”机理相符,说明峰期水活度可能受深源ＣＯ２流渗透的控制,属于外部缓冲性质。     

至2020年的铀资源和铀生产能力的评述

分析了从目前开始至２０２０年世界铀需求，生产和市场。铀的生产预期将从１９９６年的３６１９５ｔＵ增加到２０００年的３７４００ｔＵ，２０２０年的６３０００ｔＵ。俄罗斯高浓缩铀的稀释仅能满足总需求的１５％左右（１９９９－２０１２年）。铀的市场价将随你铀资源的枯竭和铀总需求的而达到２０１０年的￥５２／ｋｇＵ，并在此后的数年中进一步上扬。这一趋势必将必将刺激世界铀资源的勘查并加大投资力度。文章最后认为铀矿山     

安徽两条A型花岗岩带

安徽长江两岸平行对称分布有两条Ａ型花岗岩带。江北为大龙山－城山－黄梅尖岩带；江南为花园巩－茅坦－浮山岩带。它们均由正长岩、石英正长岩和碱长花岗岩组成，形成年龄约１２８Ｍａ．这些岩石富碱贫水，全碱含量高达９％～１２％，而Ｈ２Ｏ＋只有约０．５％，富含高场强元素，Ｇａ×１０４／Ａｌ比值也高，花岗岩高达２．７～３．８。其形成环境为古裂谷拉张环境。两个岩带的花岗岩是正长岩浆通过ＡＦＣ（同化混染－分离结晶联合作用）机制演化形成，而正长岩浆则是碱性玄武岩浆通过以分离结晶为主的ＡＦＣ机制形成．     

鹤岗矿区煤层气资源评估与开发前景预测

鹤岗矿区面积２５２ｋｍ＾２，有效井田面积为１００．２１ｋｍ＾２，含煤地层厚８００～１０００ｍ，共含煤４０层，含煤系数为４．３～９．３％，大于３．５ｍ的煤层占７５％，中厚煤层占１９．２％，其中可采煤层和局部可采煤层计３６层，总厚度为３８．６～８５．８ｍ，赋存深度均在１２００ｍ以内，煤炭资源量２５６５Ｍｔ，资源量密度为１０．１８Ｍｔ／ｋｍ＾２，煤层瓦斯含量为９．４～１５．５ｍ＾２／ｔ，平均为１３ｍ＾３     

法国洛林煤田煤质特征与围岩的关系

从法国洛林煤田大量的煤质资料中,选取三个例子来讨论煤层煤质特征与围岩的关系。相对于泥质顶板的煤层来说,砂质顶板的煤层往往煤质变差,表现为具有较低的挥发分产率、较差的结焦性、较高的碳含量、较低的氢含量和较高的镜质组反射率。其原因是砂质顶板的煤层在成煤时期的还原程度较低,丝质组含量较高,其中的镜质组也受到氧化作用而使反射率增高。      

Study of petrological characteristics of coal deposits from Marki-Jhari-Jamni area,Wardha valley coalfield,Maharashtra

A detailed study of maceral composition and vitrinite reflectance of the coal deposits from Marki-Jhari-Jamni area, situated in the northwestern extremity of Wardha valley coalfield, Yeotmal district, Maharashtra has been carried out with special reference to their depositional set up. These coals have two distinct types of maceral organization, one having significantly high distribution of the vitrinite group of macerals (35–41%) and the other containing the dominance of inertinite (26–49%). Liptinite maceral group is recorded between 14 and 24%, barring a few coal bands having liptinite maceral group as high as 33–37%. The vitrinite reflectivity ranges from 0.38–0.43%. Thus, they have attained sub-bituminous C rank. Mineral matter in these coals varies between 15 and 22%. The present study suggests that the basin primarily experienced cold climate having intermittent brackish water influx with alternating dry oxidizing spells.     

煤中游离气含量估算方法及应用

为了探讨不同煤级煤储层中游离气含量分布特征,本文基于游离气主要存在于煤孔隙中的认识,优化了游离气含量估算方法,并利用全国典型含煤地区包含从褐煤到无烟煤的42组不同煤级煤的煤层气参数测试数据,采用优化的游离气含量估算方法计算了不同煤样的游离气含量,并与解吸气含量结果进行了比较。结果表明:煤中游离气含量所占总气含量的比例随镜质体平均最大反射率增高呈减小趋势,在褐煤到无烟煤三号阶段的所占比例分布在2.13%~33.25%;游离气含量和解吸气含量与镜质体平均最大反射率关系均呈"双峰"特征,但双峰峰值大小顺序正好相反,游离气含量在肥煤阶段的峰值高于无烟煤三号阶段,总气含量与镜质体平均最大反射率关系主要受控于解吸气含量。      

Study of petrological characteristics of coal deposits from Marki-Jhari-Jamni area, Wardha valley coalfield, Maharashtra

A detailed study of maceral composition and vitrinite reflectance of the coal deposits from Marki-Jhari-Jamni area, situated in the northwestern extremity of Wardha valley coalfield, Yeotmal district, Maharashtra has been carried out with special reference to their depositional set up. These coals have two distinct types of maceral organization, one having significantly high distribution of the vitrinite group of macerals (35–41%) and the other containing the dominance of inertinite (26–49%). Liptinite maceral group is recorded between 14 and 24%, barring a few coal bands having liptinite maceral group as high as 33–37%. The vitrinite reflectivity ranges from 0.38–0.43%. Thus, they have attained sub-bituminous C rank. Mineral matter in these coals varies between 15 and 22%. The present study suggests that the basin primarily experienced cold climate having intermittent brackish water influx with alternating dry oxidizing spells.     

A petrologic method of analysis of nonmaceral microstructures in coal

The petrographic maceral composition and vitrinoid reflectance of bituminous coals have been correlated with their carbonization characteristics and are widely used to predict how coals will perform in the coking process and to calculate the strength of the resulting coke. As a result, there is a growing dependence on coal petrographic data in characterizing coals for cokemaking. In addition, there is a growing awareness that there are other nonmaceral microstructures in coal such as material size, shape, association, fracturing, and weathering which should permit better characterization of coals when properly interpreted. These nonmaceral microstructures also give an insight into the metamorphic history and changes due to burial and exhumanation.To expand the use of coal petrologic and petrographic data, a new analytical procedure has been developed that requires the microscopic determination of such nonmaceral microstructures as normal coal, coal fines, pseudovitrinoids, microbrecciation, oxidation, coarse mineral matter, miscellaneous materials, and contamination. The occurrence of one or more of these microstructures in coal, depending on their kind and abundance, may have a significant effect on the coal performance in various processes. This work has resulted in formulation of a technique for determining the nonmaceral microstructures in coal and, if applied as a supplement to the routine maceral analysis of coals, should help in explaining the anomalous behavior of some coals.     

实验变形煤结构演化的电子顺磁共振研究

通过１４件高温高压实验样品及其原样的电子顺磁共振研究,论述了温度、压力、应力、应变速率和应变强度等是影响变形煤化学结构演化的重要因素,但在不同的煤级中和不同的实验条件下,各因素所起的作用是不同的。变形煤ＥＰＲ参数的演化与镜质组反射率的变化密切相关,并且具有较好的规律性。说明镜质组反射率是煤化学结构演化的外在反映,是煤田构造研究中极为重要的标志物之一。     

煤中氯赋存形态的试验研究

采用艾氏卡熔样—硫氰酸钾滴定法,对我国41个煤中氯的含量进行测定,并研究了煤中氯含量与挥发分、固定碳、灰分以及碱金属的关系。结果表明,我国煤中氯含量普遍较低,一般为0.1%~0.2%;煤中氯含量与煤的煤化程度有明显关系,煤的变质程度越高,煤中氯的含量越少。煤中氯含量与煤中水分和氟的含量无关。随着煤中碱金属含量的增加,煤中氯含量呈下降趋势,煤中氯与碱金属(Na,K,Ca,Mg)等存在负相关性。煤中氯主要以有机形式存在。      

On the effects of petrographic composition on coalbed methane sorption

The effect of petrographic composition on the methane sorption capacity has been determined for a suite of coals and organic-rich shales. Subbituminous and bituminous coals were separated into bright and dull lithotypes by hand-picking. The methane sorption capacities range between 0.5 and 23.9 cm³/g at a pressure of 6 MPa. The low volatile bituminous Canmore coal and the anthracite sample have the highest capacities with the “natural coke” having the lowest. For low-rank coals there is no significant difference between bright and dull samples except for one coal with the dull sample having a greater sorption capacity than its bright equivalent. For higher-rank coals, the bright samples have a greater methane capacity than the dull samples and the difference between sample pairs increases with rank. The boghead coal samples have the highest sorption capacities in the liptinite-rich coals suite and are higher than subbituminous to medium volatile bituminous samples. Pore size distribution indicates that methane is held as solution gas in liptinite-rich coals and by physical sorption in micropores in liptinite-poor coals. These contrasting processes illustrate that liptinite-rich samples need to be independently assessed. The positive relationship between reactive inertinite content and methane sorption capacity occurs within the subbituminous to medium volatile bituminous coals because the reactive inertinite is structurally similar to vitrinite and have a higher microporosity than non-reactive inertinite. Reactivity of inertinite should be assessed in CBM studies of dull coals to provide a better understanding of petrographic composition effects on methane capacity.     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.