乡村地理信息服务模式探讨与实现技术

地理信息服务聚合是将服务按照业务流程需求集成为更加复杂的服务,从而提高空间信息服务的复用能力,节约地理信息服务集成的成本。本文基于地理信息服务及乡村数据的特点,提出了一种基于补偿服务机制的地理信息服务无缝聚合的方法,聚合不同来源的服务,实现了分布式数据的无缝聚合显示及共享。     

多级应急响应地理信息服务平台的应用技术

提出一个支持多级分布、服务级联的信息服务综合架构和集成机制,并应用于应急响应地理信息服务平台的设计,探讨了应急响应地理数据虚拟化、分布式异构环境下应急响应地理信息数据/功能服务技术、多级应急地理信息目录服务构建技术等,为构建有效的多级应急响应地理信息服务平台提供技术支撑。     

面向在线服务的地理框架数据体系构建

分析了在线服务对地理信息的需求,阐述了面向在线服务的地理框架数据体系构建技术实现方法,设计了适应多源数据协同服务的数据集成方式和满足多样化应用需求的地理框架数据内容构成与建模方法,并说明了其在国家地理信息公共服务平台公众版＂天地图＂中的应用。     

语义地理信息服务集成框架研究

分析地理信息共享中存在的问题,总结了语义web服务和地理信息服务集成研究进展,讨论了基于语义的地理信息服务集成的概念、特征,提出了一个基于语义的地理信息服务集成框架和研究内容。     

面向业务用户的地理信息服务语义集成方法研究

本文分析了面向业务用户的地理信息服务集成存在的问题,总结了地理信息服务集成研究进展,讨论了面向业务用户的地理信息服务集成的概念、特征,提出了一个面向业务用户的地理信息服务语义集成框架和集成过程,并通过实例验证了本文的方法.     

网格环境下地理数据服务集成模式

在分析我国地理信息集成服务应用现状的基础上,比较现有网格环境下地理数据服务集成模式及其问题,讨论面向地理数据服务的地理数据集成模式的优势。并将Web Service技术引入到传统的地理数据服务集成中,构建一种基于网格的分布式地理数据集成模式,提出地理数据服务集成框架。     

基于适配器原理的异构地理信息数据服务集成方法与实验

主要研究了异构地理信息服务集成方面的问题,探讨了基于适配器原理的异构服务集成的可行性.通过实验将切片服务、ArcGIS Server以及Erdas Apollo发布的WMS 3种异构服务集成到一起,形成一个新的、面向专题的地图服务,并与基于API的异构服务集成方法进行对比分析.该研究具有重要理论价值和实际意义,研究结果为大数据时代分布的地理空间信息服务高效集成、实现功能更加完善的Web GIS以及Web环境下在线地理空间信息应用提供一种可行的、现实的方法.     

网络环境下的地理信息服务集成研究

从Web Services的角度,根据地理信息的特殊性,研究地理信息服务的实现方法和发布策略,实现了高效的地理信息服务集成方案。     

面向服务契约的地理信息Web服务自适应集成方法研究

从地理信息资源共享的角度出发,提出一种面向服务契约的地理信息Web服务自适应集成方法。针对数字城市建设中面临的平台多样化、技术标准不统一等特点,预先定义统一的服务契约,并通过服务适配器模型去除服务契约与底层技术的耦合,以实现多源地理信息Web服务的集成与共享。将该方法应用于"数字郴州"共享服务平台建设,取得了良好的效果。     

基于网格的地理空间信息服务关键技术研究

地理信息服务主要解决传统的地理信息系统所访问的地理信息资源共享问题.提出了基于网格的地理信息服务技术体系,建立了基于网格地理信息服务概念框架,以及基于网格地理空间信息服务平台的层次结构.探讨了地理空间数据网络传输保密技术、多源地理空间数据无缝集成技术、地理空间信息多级格网搜索技术、地理空间数据的无损压缩技术和地理空间信息服务规范5个方面的地理信息服务关键技术.     

空间服务语义模式的地理信息服务发现

如何从大规模地理信息服务集合中快速且准确地发现目标服务是地理信息服务应用中的一个关键问题。当前基于关键字的服务发现方式缺乏语义支持,搜索效率低。本文在WSMO/WSML框架下,提出了一种基于空间服务语义模式的服务发现方法,将地理信息从语法模式转换为语义模式,明确表达空间数据中隐含的知识,有效克服数据源之间的语义异构。该方法能够显著提高地理信息服务发现的查全率和查准率。     

A geospatial search engine for discovering multi-format geospatial data across the web

The volume of publically available geospatial data on the web is rapidly increasing due to advances in server-based technologies and the ease at which data can now be created. However, challenges remain with connecting individuals searching for geospatial data with servers and websites where such data exist. The objective of this paper is to present a publically available Geospatial Search Engine (GSE) that utilizes a web crawler built on top of the Google search engine in order to search the web for geospatial data. The crawler seeding mechanism combines search terms entered by users with predefined keywords that identify geospatial data services. A procedure runs daily to update map server layers and metadata, and to eliminate servers that go offline. The GSE supports Web Map Services, ArcGIS services, and websites that have geospatial data for download. We applied the GSE to search for all available geospatial services under these formats and provide search results including the spatial distribution of all obtained services. While enhancements to our GSE and to web crawler technology in general lie ahead, our work represents an important step toward realizing the potential of a publically accessible tool for discovering the global availability of geospatial data.     

A capability matching and ontology reasoning method for high precision OGC web service discovery

Finding the right spatially aware web service in a heterogeneous distributed environment using criteria such as service type, version, time, space, and scale has become a challenge in the integration of geospatial information services. A new method for retrieving Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Service (OWS) that deals with this challenge using page crawling, link detection, service capability matching, and ontology reasoning, is described in this paper. Its major components are distributed OWS, the OWS search engine, the OWS ontology generator, the ontology-based OWS catalog service, and the ontology-based multi-protocol OWS client. Experimental results show that the execution time of this proposed method equals only 0.26 of that of Nutch's method. In addition, the precision is much higher. Moreover, this proposed method can carry out complex OWS reasoning-based queries. It is being used successfully for the Antarctica multi-protocol OWS portal of the Geo-Information Web Service Portal of the Polar.     

An integrated heterogeneous web service retrieval via combination of instance- and metadata-based schema matching method

Schema matching is a critical step in the integration of heterogeneous web service, which contains various types of web services and multi-version services of the same type. Mapping loss or mismatch usually occurs due to schema differences in structure and content and the variety in concept definition and organization. Current instance schema matching methods are not mature enough for heterogeneous web service because they cannot deal with the instance data in web service domain and capture all the semantics, especially metadata semantics. The metadata-based and the instance-based matching methods, in the case of being employed individually, are not efficient to determine the concept relationships, which are crucial for finding high-quality matches between schema attributes. In this paper, we propose an improved schema matching method, based on the combination of instance and metadata (CIM) matcher. The main method of our approach is to utilize schema structure, element labels, and the corresponding instance data information. The matching process is divided into two phases. In the first phase, the metadata-based matchers are used to compute the element label similarity of multi-version open geospatial consortium web service schema, and the generated matching results are raw mappings, which will be reused in the next instance matching phase. In the second phase, the designed instance matching algorithms are employed to the instance data of the raw mappings and fine mappings are generated. Finally, the raw mappings and the fine mappings are combined, and the final mappings are obtained. Our experiments are executed on different versions of web coverage service and web feature service instance data deployed in Geoserver. The results indicate that, the CIM method can obtain more accurate matching results and is flexible enough to handle the web service instance data.     

基于云计算的三维地理空间信息服务的表达

当前云计算的发展已能支持高性能的地理空间服务,比如在数字城市和电子商务等行业。Apache基金支持下的开源软件框架Hadoop,可以用来构建一个云环境的集群用来存储和处理高性能的地理空间数据。开放地理空间联盟(OGC)的Web三维服务(W3DS)就是这样一个很好的三维的地理空间数据服务标准。在标准的云计算环境下将是一个更好的应用示范。基于此,本文研究了OGC的W3DS服务在云计算环境下的实验结果。实验采用Apache的Hadoop框架作为三维地理空间信息服务实验展示的基础。实验结果对展示高性能的三维地理空间信息提供了有价值的参考。     

基于网络爬虫的Web服务抓取解析器的设计与实现

随着Web服务和网络技术的发展,越来越多的Web服务得以开发并发布到网络上。由于网络上存在的Web服务相互之间没有内在的必然联系,用户很难快速有效地获取和利用这些服务。本文设计了一种Web服务抓取解析器框架,包括URL抓取器、WSDL文档解析器和用于结构化存储Web服务信息的数据库等。该抓取解析器采用网络爬虫程序对互联网中的URL进行搜索,通过搜索发现分布在网络上的Web服务,并最终建立起一个关于Web服务的信息库,为共享Web服务提供条件。     

Geospatial web services pave new ways for server-based on-demand access and processing of Big Earth Data

ABSTRACT

Big Earth Data has experienced a considerable increase in volume in recent years due to improved sensing technologies and improvement of numerical-weather prediction models. The traditional geospatial data analysis workflow hinders the use of large volumes of geospatial data due to limited disc space and computing capacity. Geospatial web service technologies bring new opportunities to access large volumes of Big Earth Data via the Internet and to process them at server-side. Four practical examples are presented from the marine, climate, planetary and earth observation science communities to show how the standard interface Web Coverage Service and its processing extension can be integrated into the traditional geospatial data workflow. Web service technologies offer a time- and cost-effective way to access multi-dimensional data in a user-tailored format and allow for rapid application development or time-series extraction. Data transport is minimised and enhanced processing capabilities are offered. More research is required to investigate web service implementations in an operational mode and large data centres have to become more progressive towards the adoption of geo-data standard interfaces. At the same time, data users have to become aware of the advantages of web services and be trained how to benefit from them most.     

The framework of a geospatial semantic web-based spatial decision support system for Digital Earth

Abstract

While significant progress has been made to implement the Digital Earth vision, current implementation only makes it easy to integrate and share spatial data from distributed sources and has limited capabilities to integrate data and models for simulating social and physical processes. To achieve effectiveness of decision-making using Digital Earth for understanding the Earth and its systems, new infrastructures that provide capabilities of computational simulation are needed. This paper proposed a framework of geospatial semantic web-based interoperable spatial decision support systems (SDSSs) to expand capabilities of the currently implemented infrastructure of Digital Earth. Main technologies applied in the framework such as heterogeneous ontology integration, ontology-based catalog service, and web service composition were introduced. We proposed a partition-refinement algorithm for ontology matching and integration, and an algorithm for web service discovery and composition. The proposed interoperable SDSS enables decision-makers to reuse and integrate geospatial data and geoprocessing resources from heterogeneous sources across the Internet. Based on the proposed framework, a prototype to assist in protective boundary delimitation for Lunan Stone Forest conservation was implemented to demonstrate how ontology-based web services and the services-oriented architecture can contribute to the development of interoperable SDSSs in support of Digital Earth for decision-making.     

3维地理信息Web服务集成研究

随着空间信息技术和网络技术的发展,地理信息系统（GIS）也在不断地从2维世界走向3维世界,从GIS应用走向GIS服务。在此基础上,本文提出了3DGIS Web服务,并设计了基于SOA的3DGIS Web服务多层体系结构、3DGIS Web服务的数据源和API框架,论述了3DGIS Web服务和现有的2维GIS Web服务集成需要解决的关键技术问题。     

A comprehensive optimization strategy for real-time spatial feature sharing and visual analytics in cyberinfrastructure

For geospatial cyberinfrastructure-enabled web services, the ability of rapidly transmitting and sharing spatial data over the Internet plays a critical role to meet the demands of real-time change detection, response and decision-making. Especially for vector datasets which serve as irreplaceable and concrete material in data-driven geospatial applications, their rich geometry and property information facilitates the development of interactive, efficient and intelligent data analysis and visualization applications. However, the big-data issues of vector datasets have hindered their wide adoption in web services. In this research, we propose a comprehensive optimization strategy to enhance the performance of vector data transmitting and processing. This strategy combines: (1) pre- and on-the-fly generalization, which automatically determines proper simplification level through the introduction of appropriate distance tolerance speed up simplification efficiency; (2) a progressive attribute transmission method to reduce data size and, therefore, the service response time; (3) compressed data transmission and dynamic adoption of a compression method to maximize the service efficiency under different computing and network environments. A cyberinfrastructure web portal was developed for implementing the proposed technologies. After applying our optimization strategies, substantial performance enhancement is achieved. We expect this work to facilitate real-time spatial feature sharing, visual analytics and decision-making.