阿克苏一次暴雪天气分析

应用常规高空资料和T213物理量预报产品综合分析发生在2003年3月上旬阿克苏地区的一次强降雪天气过程天气系统演变特点及其物理量特征，指出T213物理量预报产品对大降水落区预报有很好的参考价值。     

物理量场诊断分析在短期天气预报中的应用

阐述了T213数值预报产品中，重要物理量预报值在短期天气预报中的应用。对局地性的阵性降水过程、微量降水过程和有明显天气尺度系统影响的大范围降水过程的重要物理量值，进行了验证和分析，总结出了产生降水的重要物理量预报临界值。     

2005年海南州秋季连阴雨天气过程的物理量诊断分析

2005年9月26日～10月1日,海南州境内出现了连阴雨天气。本文从地面、高空形势场、各种物理量场、T213、ECMWF数值预报产品等进行综合分析,阐述连阴雨天气产生和维持的物理机制,提出利用物理量诊断分析方法进行连阴雨天气预报的思路,为准确预报连阴雨天气提供参考。     

和田地区春季一次强天气过程分析

2005年4月6～10日,和田地区出现了大降水、强降温、沙尘天气过程。利用常规天气资料、ECMWF和T213数值预报产品,对此次天气过程的影响系统、有关物理量场等方面进行分析,发现:这次天气过程是冷空气从南疆西北翻山入侵南疆盆地,天气系统相互叠加而造成的,ECMWF和T213数值预报产品对和田地区这次强天气有很好的预报能力和指示意义。     

T213数值预报产品在2003年宁夏首场透雨天气过程中的应用分析

2003年5月5～6日,宁夏出现了入春以来第一场透雨天气过程,本文利用常规天气资料和T213数值预报产品,对此次降水天气过程从主要影响系统和T213数值预报有关物理量预报场等方面进行分析发现,T213对我区降水有很好的预报能力和指示意义,并随着预报时效的缩短,其可信度在不断提高。     

民和县2002春季一次大雨天气过程的初步分析

本对2002年4月30日夜间至5月1日大降水天气的环流特征、卫星云图及T213数值预报产品中的要素场和物理量场进行了分析，得出了一些民和县大降水预报的参考依据。     

2003年5月4日乐都、民和两县大雨天气的分析

本根据高空环流特征、地面图、卫星云图、高低空要素场及T213数值预报产品中的物理量场对海东地区乐都、民和两县2003年5月5日的大雨天气过程进行了初步的分析，总结出预报这类大降水天气过程的一些参考依据。     

莎车一次大暴雨天气分析

对莎车县2004年4月28日至5月2日大降水的环流形势分析、欧洲数值预报产品的应用、本站要素曲线图分析、T213预报产品稳定度及物理量场特征分析,总结本县大降水过程的发生规律。     

海东地区2011年春季第一场透雨分析

利用常规气象资料、欧洲中心及T213数值预报产品、卫星云图等资料,对2011年5月8—9日青海海东地区出现的春季第一场透雨过程进行了天气学成因分析,并就欧洲中心、T213数值预报产品对该次透雨天气的形势场及物理量场的预报能力进行了对比分析。结果表明,这次透雨过程是在有利的环流背景、影响系统及物理量场条件作用所致;欧洲中心、T213数值预报产品对此次透雨的形势场及物理量场预报都较准确,对把握降水出现的时间、强度及落区具有很好的指示意义。     

2004年异常梅雨中浙中一次局地暴雨过程分析与诊断

利用MICAPS系统的实况资料和T213、欧洲中心等数值预报产品,结合雷达回波图,对2004年7月6日浙中地区出现的局地暴雨过程进行环境场和物理量场分析,发现:高低空气流耦合是触发这次暴雨的机制,暴雨就落在低空急流入口区的左侧、高空急流出口区的右侧;热力、动力、水汽条件在降水前都有较好的配合;欧洲中心数值预报产品的形势预报能力较强;T213预报产品中的垂直速度、涡度、散度等物理量的趋势转折预报与这次暴雨有着较好的对应关系.     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.