强震作用下超高层建筑结构MSCSS的响应特性研究

笔者根据超高层巨型建筑结构体系的构造特点,论述了将结构振动控制原理融入巨型结构本身构造之中的构造新结构体系的方法,并采用这一方法提出了巨子型有控结构体系MSCSS(Mega-sub controlled structural system),分析了MSCSS的构造原则及控制理论背景,研究了MSCSS在罕遇地震及超罕遇地震(加速度峰值达到1000g)时的结构响应控制特性、塑性铰发生规律及结构灾变情况。通过与巨型框架结构的灾变情况相比,表明了MSCSS抵御地震作用的高可靠性及良好的经济性,也表明了将结构振动控制原理融入结构自身的构造之中、通过结构自身的功能单元实现结构响应控制的方法是合适的,是研究超高层建筑结构新体系的有效途径之一。     

大型支撑框筒结构的非线性地震反应分析

大型支撑框筒结构是巨型桁架体系的主要形式之一。本文对大型支撑框筒结构进行了罕遇地震下的弹塑性时程分析，结果表明，大型斜撑区段端部，即大型斜撑与角柱相交处是大型支撑框筒结构抗震的薄弱环节。总的来说，大型支撑框筒结构的抗震性能优越，是超高层建筑设计中应予优先考虑的一种高效巨型结构体系。     

钢管混凝土巨型斜交网格筒体结构非线性分析

钢管混凝土巨型斜交网格体系作为筒中筒结构的外筒,使筒体结构具有很大的抗侧刚度,其抗震性能的研究是迫切的需要.本文根据基于性能的抗震设计方法,采用PERFORM-3D软件的纤维模型对超高层钢管混凝土巨型斜交网格筒中筒结构进行了强震作用下的非线性分析,比较了结构在7、8、9度地震作用下的反应.结果表明该结构体系适用于较高抗震设防地区,为该结构体系的应用提供了依据.     

巨型框架-支撑结构的非线性地震反应分析

巨型框架-支撑结构体系是一种新型的巨型结构体系,是在吸取巨型框架结构体系和巨型桁架结构体系优点的基础上被提出的。对巨型框架-支撑结构进行了罕遇地震下的弹塑性时程分析。结果表明,巨型框架-支撑结构的动力性能优越,是一种高效的巨型结构体系。     

巨型框筒部分悬挂结构控制体系地震反应特性及阻尼控制研究

本文提出巨型框筒部分悬挂结构新体系，研究这种结构体系对地震反应特性，提出用阻尼器进行巨型框筒部分悬挂体系地震反应的控制方法，采用结构动力学有限元方法，建立空间分析模型，对结构体系进行地震随机振动分析、时程分析和地震反应谱分析。分析结果表明，这种结构体系能有效地减小结构的地震响应，最后研究了影响控制效果的主要因素及控制器参数的影响规律。     

SMA复合支座-巨型框架结构体系减震效果分析

在研究形状记忆合金（SMA）绞线-叠层橡胶复合支座基础上,本文提出了SMA复合支座-巨型框架减震结构体系,建立了SMA复合支座-巨型框架减震结构体系的计算模型和运动方程,研究了该结构的动力反应特性,并将其与普通巨型框架结构、应用普通橡胶支座巨型框架结构进行了非线性时程对比分析。结果表明,SMA复合支座-巨型框架减震结构体系能有效地减小结构的地震响应,同时避免了地震时主次结构之间产生碰撞破坏。     

巨型框架-次框桁架结构抗震性能分析

提出了巨型框架—次框桁架结构体系。采用ANSYS有限元程序对巨型框架—次框桁架结构体系进行了抗震动力时程分析,讨论了该结构体系在多条地震波作用下的动力位移及内力等地震响应。计算结果表明,巨型框架—次框桁架结构体系具有良好的抗震性能,能够提高巨型框架结构的抗震性能,不但可以有效地降低结构构件的地震内力,同时也不会给主框架结构体系的布置带来较大的影响,巨型框架—次框桁架结构是一种抗震性能良好的结构体系。计算结果对巨型结构的抗震设计有较大的参考价值。     

悬挂阻尼控制结构体系巨型框架地震响应分析

提出一种巨型悬挂阻尼控制结构体系，采用结构动力学有限元方法对结构体系进行了地震随机振动分析、时程分析和地震反应谱分析，分析结果表明，这种结构体系能有效地减小结构的地震响应。最后讨论了影响控制效果的参数。     

基于OpenSees的某超高层建筑结构地震响应分析研究

超高层已成为城市发展中的重要建筑型式,而超高层结构体系的抗震性能是当前重要的关注之一。以某实际工程为例,通过“基于性能”地震分析计算平台OpenSees,建立相应的复杂超高层建筑结构有限元模型,并通过基于现场微振动检测技术的动力特性参数识别验证所建立模型的合理可靠性。进而,开展地震作用下结构动力响应分析,主要从基底剪力、层间位移角、结构顶点位移以及损伤破坏等方面进行探讨。研究成果可为复杂超高层建筑结构的抗震设计提供技术支持。     

铅阻尼器在超高层结构中的应用研究

为了研究铅阻尼器在超高层结构中的耗能减震效果,采用非线性分析软件PERFORM-3D对超高层结构进行了罕遇地震作用下的有限元分析,对比了不同地震波作用下的结构弹塑性分析结果。分析结果表明:设置铅阻尼器的超高层建筑结构的抗震性能有了很大的提高,在罕遇地震作用下能够满足"大震不倒"的性能要求。研究为铅阻尼器在超高层结构中的应用提供了成功的工程案例,其设计思路可以为超高层结构的减震控制提供有益的借鉴和参考。     

地震作用下低层建筑砌体结构的动力特性分析

传统低层建筑砌体结构动力特性分析中,易受到外界环境的干扰,砌体结构的完整性欠缺,导致动力特性分析的准确度较低。为提高低层建筑砌体结构的抗震性能,提出地震作用下低层建筑砌体结构的动力特性分析方法。首先利用低层建筑砌体结构反应自功率谱,完成砌体结构的自振频率辨认;然后通过941B型超低频率测振仪测试自振频率,筛出振动波形中噪声干扰的区域,获取时域波形和频域波形;最后依据时域波形和频域波形塑造低层建筑砌体三维精细化模型,在该模型基础上,通过子空间迭代算法获取低层建筑砌体结构的模拟结果,分析地震作用下芯柱、圈梁等构造措施对建筑砌体结构动力特征的影响,完成砌体结构的动力特性分析。实验结果表明,利用所提方法对地震作用下低层建筑砌体结构的动力特性进行分析,得到的分析结果准确度较高。     

混合结构体系高层建筑模拟地震振动台试验研究

随着现代建筑高度的不断增加,混合结构体系在超高层建筑中逐步广泛应用,因此对该结构体系在地震作用下的破坏机理和抗震性能展开深入的研究是一项有意义的工作。本文对一混合结构体系复杂超高层建筑进行1／35的模型模拟地震振动台试验,分析模型结构的动力特性和不同烈度地震作用下加速度、位移和应变反应,然后根据相似关系推算出原型结构的动力特性和反应,研究其在各水准地震作用下的破坏机理和破坏形式,最后对原型结构设计提出若干建议。     

Closed‐form solution for seismic response of adjacent buildings with linear quadratic Gaussian controllers

Closed‐form solution for seismic response of adjacent buildings connected by hydraulic actuators with linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controllers is presented in this paper. The equations of motion of actively controlled adjacent buildings against earthquake are first established. The complex modal superposition method is then used to determine dynamic characteristics, including modal damping ratio, of actively controlled adjacent buildings. The closed‐form solution for seismic response of the system is finally derived in terms of the complex dynamic characteristics, the pseudo‐excitation method and the residue theorem. By using the closed‐form solution, extensive parametric studies can be carried out for the system of many degrees of freedom. The beneficial parameters of LQG controllers for achieving the maximum response reduction of both buildings using reasonable control forces can be identified. The effectiveness of LQG controllers for this particular application is evaluated in this study. The results show that for the adjacent buildings of different dynamic properties, if the parameters of LQG controllers are selected appropriately, the modal damping ratios of the system can be significantly increased and the seismic responses of both buildings can be considerably reduced. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic characteristics of shear buildings on laminated rubber bearings

Analytical solutions are derived for the dynamic characteristics of base-isolated shear buildings supported on laminated rubber bearings. The solution process takes into account the combined effects of the superstructure flexibility and the base raft inertia on the dynamic characteristics. A series of parametric studies is carried out and the effects of varying the stiffness and mass of the base-isolation system on the frequencies and mode shapes are identified. Approximate solutions for the fundamental base-isolated frequency and mode shape are obtained, which are suitable for use in the preliminary design of non-rigid base-isolated buildings.     

Analysis of non-stationary structural systems by using a band-variable filter

One of the main tools used to study the dynamic response of structural systems is certainly the Fourier Transform. This tool is very useful and reliable to investigating the response of a stationary system, i.e. a generic system that does not changes its characteristics over time. Conversely, the Fourier Transform is no longer reliable if the main goal is to study the evolution of the dynamic response of a system whose features rapidly vary with time. To this regard, several mathematical tools were developed to analyze time-variable dynamic responses. Soil and buildings, subject to transient forcing such as an earthquake, may change their characteristics over time with the initiation of nonlinear phenomena. This paper proposes a new methodology to approach the study of non-stationary response of soil and buildings: a band-variable filter based on S-Transform. In fact, with the possibility of changing the bandwidth of each filtering window over time, it becomes possible to extract from a generic record only the response of the system focusing on the variation of individual modes of vibration. Practically, it is possible to extract from a generic non-stationary signal only the phase of interest. The paper starts from examples and applications on synthetic signals, then examines possible applications to the study of the non-stationary response of soil and buildings. The last application focuses on the possibility to evaluate the mode shapes over time for both numerical and scaled model subjected to strong motion inputs.     

Dynamic structure–soil–structure interaction between nearby piled buildings under seismic excitation by BEM–FEM model

The dynamic through–soil interaction between nearby pile supported structures in a viscoelastic half-space, under incident S and Rayleigh waves, is numerically studied. To this end, a three-dimensional viscoelastic BEM–FEM formulation for the dynamic analysis of piles and pile groups in the frequency domain is used, where soil is modelled by BEM and piles are simulated by one-dimensional finite elements as Bernoulli beams. This formulation has been enhanced to include the presence of linear superstructures founded on pile groups, so that structure–soil–structure interaction (SSSI) can be investigated making use of a direct methodology with an affordable number of degrees of freedom. The influence of SSSI on lateral spectral deformation, vertical and rotational response, and shear forces at pile heads, for several configurations of shear one-storey buildings, is addressed. Maximum response spectra are also presented. SSSI effects on groups of structures with similar dynamic characteristics have been found to be important. The system response can be either amplified or attenuated according to the distance between adjacent buildings, which has been related to dynamic properties of the overall system.     

Mitigation measures for earthquake induced pounding effects on seismic performance of adjacent buildings

Post-earthquake damages investigation in past and recent earthquakes has illustrated that the building structures are vulnerable to severe damage and/or collapse during moderate to strong ground motion. Among the possible structural damages, seismic induced pounding has been commonly observed in several earthquakes. A parametric study on buildings pounding response as well as proper seismic hazard mitigation practice for adjacent buildings is carried out. Three categories of recorded earthquake excitation are used for input excitations. The effect of impact is studied using linear and nonlinear contact force model for different separation distances and compared with nominal model without pounding consideration. The severity of the impact depends on the dynamic characteristics of the adjacent buildings in combination with the earthquake characteristics. Pounding produces acceleration and shear forces/stresses at various story levels that are greater than those obtained from the no pounding case, while the peak drift depends on the input excitation characteristics. Also, increasing gap width is likely to be effective when the separation is sufficiently wide to eliminate contact. Furthermore, it is effective to provide a shock absorber device system for the mitigation of impact effects between adjacent buildings with relatively narrow seismic gaps, where the sudden changes of stiffness during poundings can be smoothed. This prevents, to some extent, the acceleration peaks due to impact. The pounding forces exerted on the adjacent buildings can be satisfactorily reduced.     

On poundings of a seismically isolated building with adjacent structures during strong earthquakes

This paper presents selected indicative results from an extensive parametric investigation that has been performed in order to assess the effects of potential earthquake‐induced poundings on the overall dynamic response of seismically isolated buildings. In particular, a seismically isolated building and its adjacent fixed‐supported buildings are subjected to various earthquake excitations that induce structural impact among the buildings in series. The results indicate that the seismically isolated building may hit against the adjacent buildings at the upper floor levels before the occurrence of any pounding at the isolation level with the surrounding moat wall. The severity of the impact depends on the dynamic properties of the adjacent buildings, in combination with the earthquake characteristics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simplified analysis of mid‐story seismically isolated buildings

The mid‐story isolation design method is recently gaining popularity for the seismic protective design of buildings located in the areas of high population. In a mid‐story isolated building, the isolation system is incorporated into the mid‐story rather than the base of the building. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics and seismic responses of mid‐story isolated buildings are investigated using a simplified three‐lumped‐mass structural model for which equivalent linear properties are formulated. From the parametric study, it is found that the nominal frequencies of the superstructure and the substructure, respectively, above and below the isolation system have significant influences on the isolation frequency and equivalent damping ratio of a mid‐story isolated building. Moreover, the mass and stiffness of the substructure are of greater significance than the superstructure in affecting the dynamic characteristics of the isolated building. Besides, based on the response spectrum analysis, it is noted that the higher mode responses may contribute significantly to the story shear force of the substructure. Consequently, the equivalent lateral force procedure of design codes should carefully include the effects of higher modes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

村镇建筑砌体结构的动力特性分析

为探讨村镇建筑中低层砌体结构的动力特性与振动机理,基于农居调查实测的布置及材料性能数据,在ABAQUS软件中建立考虑结构布置、材料强度及有限元网格控制等参数的7个有限元模型方案,对各模型进行结构动力特性分析,并对比分析其振动形态、振型分量及振型周期。分析表明,村镇建筑中按常规布置的砌体结构,其振动特性不利于结构抗震;砌体材料性能劣化在降低结构承载能力的同时还会放大高阶面外振动分量的地震作用,加剧承重墙在地震中发生外闪倒塌的机率;如采取措施实现结构的基本振型为沿横向平动,则其振动特性表明横墙的承重与抗侧能力均可有效发挥,且面外振动的高阶振型被抑制,提高了结构抗震能力;此外,本文还提出ABAQUS对壳单元沿厚度方向的网格控制要求。