2011年10月大气环流和天气分析

2011年10月大气环流主要特征如下：极涡呈偶极型分布,中心分别位于格陵兰岛北部和亚洲北部,位于格陵兰岛的中心比常年略偏强。中高纬度地区环流呈现4波型分布,大西洋中部和太平洋东部大槽的强度略偏强,东欧槽和东亚槽比常年偏弱。南支槽大约位于90。E附近略偏西,与多年平均位置一致,强度略偏强。副热带高压强度接近常年同期。2011年10月全国平均气温为10.6℃,较常年偏高1.0℃。全国平均降水量为38.7 mm,较常年同期偏多1.7 mm。月内出现4次较强降水过程、2次较强冷空气过程和3次大雾天气过程。     

2011年9月大气环流和天气分析

2011年9月大气环流主要特征如下：极涡呈单极型,中心略偏向西半球,中高纬度环流呈5波形分布,槽区分别位于北太平洋东北部、北美洲东部、北大西洋北部、欧洲东部、亚洲东北部。北太平洋东北部上空500 hPa高度场上有160 gpm的负距平。西北太平洋副热带高压面积较常年同期偏小,强度偏弱,西脊点位置偏东,脊线偏北。2011年9月全国平均气温16.4℃,比常年同期（16.0℃）偏高0.4℃;全国降水量为65.0 mm,接近常年同期（65.3 mm）。月内出现了3次较明显的冷空气过程和7次降水过程,有7个台风生成,其中＂纳沙＂登陆我国,造成重大灾害。     

2012年9月大气环流和天气分析

2012年9月环流特征如下：北半球高纬度地区极涡呈单极型分布,中心略偏于西半球,北半球高纬度环流呈5波型分布,槽区分别位于亚洲西部、亚洲东部、太平洋中部、北美洲东部和欧洲西部。月内,西太平洋副热带高压西脊点位置变化较大,强度比常年同期偏强。9月,全国平均气温为16．6℃,与常年同期持平,全国平均降水量73．8mm,较常年同期（65．2mm）偏多13．2％。月内共出现6次降水过程,西北太平洋有3个热带气旋活动,没有热带气旋在我国登陆。北方多地出现低温冷冻灾害,16个省（区）遭受风雹灾害。     

2017年5月大气环流和天气分析

2017年5月大气环流的主要特征是极涡偏强且呈单极型分布,中高纬环流呈多波型,西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年偏强,南支槽强度较常年偏弱。5月全国平均气温17.1℃,较常年同期偏高0.9℃,为1961年以来第4高;全国平均降水量59.4 mm,比常年同期（69.5 mm）偏少14.5%,但5月7日广州出现破历史极值的极端强降水。月内我国南方地区有5次区域性暴雨天气过程;北方出现极端高温过程;东北西部、华北等地发生严重气象干旱;北方地区有2次沙尘天气过程。     

2013年8月大气环流和天气分析

2013年8月环流特征如下：极涡呈单极型分布、贝加尔湖以东地区为明显负高度距平,我国中高纬多短波槽活动,东北冷涡活动频繁,西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年偏强、偏西。8月全国平均降水量101.0 mm,较常年同期（105.3 mm）偏少4.1%;全国平均气温22.0℃,较常年同期（20.8℃）偏高1.2℃,与2006年并列为1961年来同期最高。8月我国的大范围强降水过程有7次。月内东北地区暴雨过程频繁,共出现5次局地强降水过程,造成松花江、嫩江和黑龙江流域等出现大范围洪涝灾害。8月共有6个热带气旋在南海和西北太平洋活动,其中“飞燕”、“尤特”和“潭美”等3个热带气旋在我国登陆。我国黄淮西部及淮河以南大部地区出现35℃以上异常高温天气,其中黄淮西部、江淮大部、江汉、江南以及广西北部、重庆、贵州东部、四川东部、新疆南部和东部最高气温普遍达38～40℃,部分地区超过40℃。     

2011年11月大气环流和天气分析

2011年11月大气环流主要特征是：北半球极涡呈单极性分布,主体位于北极圈内,强度和常年同期接近。中高纬呈4波型,其中欧洲大槽强度较常年偏强,位置偏东;东亚大槽强度偏弱,且位置偏东,这不利于引导冷空气影响我国,月内我国出现了5次主要的冷空气过程,11月全国平均气温为3.9℃,比常年同期（2.1℃）偏高1.8℃。南支槽位于100°E附近,强度接近常年,副高的位置偏西,有利西南暖湿空气向我国的输送。11月,我国出现6次主要的降水过程,全国平均降水量为28.3mm,较常年同期（18.0 mm）偏多57.3%,为近20年来的最大值。北方大部地区降水较常年偏多,其中西北地区东部、内蒙古南部、华北西部、江南东南部和华南中东部较常年同期偏多2倍以上。     

2017年3月大气环流和天气分析

2017年3月大气环流的主要特征是极涡偏强且呈单极型分布,中高纬环流呈4波型,西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年偏弱,南支槽强度较常年偏强。3月全国平均气温4.5℃,较常年同期偏高0.4℃;全国平均降水量36.2 mm,比常年同期（29.5 mm）偏多22.7%。月内我国东部地区有2次中等强度冷空气过程;南方地区有3次区域性暴雨天气过程;北方地区有2次沙尘天气过程;江苏、湖南等省局地遭受风雹袭击。     

2013年5月大气环流和天气分析

2013年5月环流特征如下:北半球极涡呈单极型分布,中心强度较常年偏强2～4 dagpm,东亚高纬环流呈4波型分布,其中新西伯利亚地区有一切断低涡,造成了新疆北部的降温天气;南支波动较常年同期活跃,南海季风爆发较常年同期偏早,副热带高压逐步西伸北抬.5月,全国平均气温为16.9℃,较常年同期(16.2℃)偏高0.7℃;全国平均降水量为85.5 mm,较常年同期(69.5 mm)偏多23.0％,为1961年以来历史同期第二多.月内,我国主要天气特点是:南方暴雨频发,20个省市遭受风雹袭击,北方地区出现一次沙尘天气.     

2016年6月大气环流和天气分析

2016年6月环流特征如下：北半球极涡成单极型,中心位于波弗特海北侧附近,较常年同期偏强;中高纬环流呈4波型;西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年同期面积偏大、强度偏强。6月全国平均气温为20.7℃,较常年同期（20.0℃）偏高0.7℃;全国平均降水量为117.0 mm,较常年同期（99.8 mm）偏多17.2%,气温和降水量均为1961年以来第三高值。月内我国出现7次主要的降水过程。江淮、江南北部等地暴雨过程频发,长江中下游地区多地遭受洪涝灾害;华北、黄淮、江淮北部多风雹天气,江苏盐城龙卷风造成严重人员伤亡;月内西北太平洋无台风生成。     

2017年12月大气环流和天气分析

2017年12月大气环流的主要特征如下：北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,欧亚中高纬环流呈两槽一脊型;南支槽位于70°E 附近,较常年同期偏西,副热带高压位置偏西,不利于水汽向我国中东部地区输送。12月,全国平均降水量为5.9 mm,比常年同期（10.8 mm）偏少44.8%,我国北方大部分地区降水量较常年同期偏少4~8成。全国平均气温-2.2℃,较常年同期（-3.2℃）偏高1℃;受偏强东北低涡影响,东北地区和内蒙古中东部气温较常年同期偏低1~3℃。月内,冷空气活动频繁,但强度较弱,出现5次一般强度冷空气过程。受频繁冷空气影响,雾 霾天气较常年同期偏少,仅28—30日出现一次大范围持续性雾 霾天气。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.