棉花精准农业种植与管理系统初步分析--以新疆生产建设兵团为例

作为一种新的农业微观经营管理方式,精准农业已成为农业发展的趋势之一。本文以新疆兵团棉花种植的实际情况出发,结合在试验区开展的精准棉花种植研究工作中采用的技术思想、方法、手段及取得的初步成果,从农田信息采集系统、信息处理系统和实施系统三个方面进行棉花精准种植信息系统集成研究,可为新疆及其它地区棉花精准种植提供参考模式。     

中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所在伊犁盆地举办棉花种植现场观摩会

2005年9月，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所“伊犁河流域林业生态科技示范”项目研究组与察布查尔县人民政府，在察布查尔县伊犁河流域林业生态科技示范基地成功的举办了一期棉花现场观摩会。会议上，项目组详细介绍了在6．7hm^2（100亩）棉花试验田上进行的棉花品种选育、种植栽培以及灌溉模式试验成果，得到了当地的农民、农业技术员、县各级领导以及有关专家的好评。他们一致认为：中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所“伊犁河流域林业生态科技示范”项目研究组，根据当地的自然环境特点，进行的棉花品种选育、种植栽培以及灌溉模式试验结果成功可靠，具有很强的推广价值。并对于伊犁盆地次宜棉区的棉民增产、增效提供可靠的科学依据。     

中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所两项中国科学院农办项目通过验收

2006年1月15日，中国科学院农业项目办公室组织专家对新中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所完成的“新疆棉花高产机理及调控技术研究”和“克拉玛依国家农业开发区土壤改良技术试验示范”两个项目进行了验收。验收专家组由中国科学院农业项目办公室常务副主任王大生研究员、新疆分院周俊林研究员、新疆农科院钟新才研究员。新疆农垦科学院陈冠文研究员等七人组成。     

“塔里木河中下游荒漠化防治与绿洲生态系统管理研究与示范”项目成果达到国际先邂水平

2006年11月28日中国科学院知识创新项目“塔里木河中下游荒漠化防治与绿洲生态系统管理研究与示范”，通过了自治区科技厅组织的专家鉴定。专家认为：该项目以国家西部大开发战略和新疆塔里木河流域生态环境建设的需要为研究内容，通过五年的研究示范推广，获得了多项理论和技术创新成果。其技术创新成果应用前景广阔，能有效地解决干旱荒漠区生态环境建设与经济发展的共性问题，对塔里木河中下游生态环境建设和经济发展具有很强的指导作用，成果总体达到国际先进水平。该项目以新疆生地所所长张小雷研究员为首席科学家，通过五年的科学研究，主要完成了几个方面的研究工作，1、建立了荒漠区生态环境与经济和谐发展的模式，为正确处理生态环境建设与经济发展的关系提供了理论依据；2、建立了塔里木河中下游土地利用的5种模式和适宜性评价体系；3、创立了塔里木河中下游生态经济型植被的模式和结构优化配置方案；4、提出了6项绿洲灌溉农业节水节肥和棉花高产技术，获得了棉花节水65．3％、节肥46．7％、增产34．86％的显著效益；     

新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“新疆水问题研究及其技术示范”项目启动

2013年1月5日,新疆自治区"十二五"重大科技专项"新疆水问题研究及其技术示范"项目启动。项目由"新疆水资源及其利用关键技术和重大问题研究"和"新疆多水源综合利用技术研究与示范"两个课题组成。     

新疆棉花种植面积时空格局演变特征及驱动机制研究

新疆棉花种植业发展迅速,已成为新疆国民经济的支柱产业之一,是农民增收的重要途径。对新中国成立以来新疆棉花种植业的调查数据进行统计分析,探究其时序演变规律和空间分布特点,并运用灰色系统关联分析和计量经济学的分析方法,构建棉花种植面积和其影响因素的交互作用关联度模型,定性与定量相结合揭示新疆棉花种植业发展的主要驱动力。研究结果表明:①自1949年以来,新疆棉花种植面积不断扩大,且表现出明显的阶段性和波动性,三大棉区即南疆棉区,北疆棉区,东疆棉区变化特点各异,其中南疆棉区起主导作用。按绿洲划分,以塔里木盆地绿洲棉区和西北沿边绿洲棉区变化明显。②棉花种植面积与各影响因素间的关联度都较强,其中,棉花种植面积与棉花单产的关联度最强;进一步建立作用关系模型,得出其弹性为0.883。③运用以上关联分析结果,将南疆棉区划分为最宜棉区、适宜棉区、不宜棉区3种区域,其中适宜棉区占50%以上,表明目前南疆棉花种植业发展基本合理,但处于不宜棉区的部分县市应该减少棉花种植或退棉,进一步优化农业种植结构。     

中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所两项院西部行动计划(三期)项目通过验收

正2014年7月6日,中国科学院科技促进发展局组织验收专家组,对新疆生态与地理研究所承担的中国科学院西部行动计划(三期)项目"援疆政策环境下新疆跨越式发展战略研究"和"新疆油田作业废液无害化和资源化处理技术体系研究与示范"进行了验收。"援疆政策环境下新疆跨越式发展战略研究"的开展,旨在从全局角度统筹新疆的跨越式发展的战略部署,规划援疆行动,分析新形势下新疆跨越式发展的目标、战略重点、发展途径和政策措施,并针对援疆行动可能存在的重复建设、无效援建、生态环境继续恶化等问题提出解决方案。项目组通过该项目的实施,构建了援疆行动与新疆县域发展动态监测与分析平台,可动态监测与发     

气候变暖对西北干旱区农作物种植结构的影响

采用年平均气温与冬小麦、春小麦、玉米和棉花种植面积的相关分析得出：年平均气温与新疆冬小麦种植面积呈显著负相关,与西北干旱区大部地方春小麦种植面积呈显著负相关,与西北干旱区大部地方玉米种植面积呈显著正相关,与新疆和甘肃河西棉花种植面积呈显著正相关。气候变暖、热量资源增加,使喜凉的春小麦和冬小麦种植面积呈迅速减少趋势,喜温的玉米和棉花种植面积呈迅速扩大,夏秋作物种植结构发生明显改变。     

“干旱荒漠区退化生态系统恢复重建技术研究与示范”项目正式启动

新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项“干旱荒漠区退化生态系统恢复重建技术研究与示范”项目启动会于2008年1月28日在乌鲁木齐召开。会议由新疆自治区科技厅社会发展与基础研究处张耀处长主持,来自新疆科技厅、新疆林科院、新疆农业大学及塔里木河流域管理局等单位的从事生态学、林学、地理学、水文学及管理领域的14位专家、领导出席了会议。项目负责人中科院新疆生地所陈亚宁研究员分别就项目的研究目标、研究内容、拟解决的关键问题以及实施方案、预期成果等进行了详细的报告。     

“塔河中下游荒漠化防治与绿洲生态系统管理研究与示范”项目成果达到国际先进水平

2006年11月28日中国科学院知识创新项目“塔里木河中下游荒漠化防治与绿洲生态系统管理研究与示范”，通过了自治区科技厅组织的专家鉴定。专家认为：该项目以国家西部大开发战略和新疆塔里木河流域生态环境建设的需要为研究内容，通过五年的研究示范推广，获得了多项理论和技术创新成果。其技术创新成果应用前景广阔，能有效地解决干旱荒漠区生态环境建设与经济发展的共性问题，对塔里木河中下游生态环境建设和经．弁发展具有很强的指导作用，成果总体达到国际先进水平。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,