桂林市地热资源成热地质条件及其开发区预测分析

:本文着重研究了桂林市地热的大地构造背景,已知温泉水文地质特征,以及地层岩性、断裂构造及岩浆活动等与成热的密切关系,进而提出了加强对已知温泉开发和加强桂林市城区及近围地热勘查工作等四点建议。     

洛阳市龙门温泉成因探讨

通过对龙门温泉所处地区地质构造、水文地质条件的分析,根据温泉的水文地球化学特征,从温泉的水源、热源、构造等方面阐明了龙门温泉的成因,并对温泉的热储温度、循环深度作了较为系统的论证。     

遥感技术在新生代水文地质调查中的应用：以喀喇昆仑山温泉幅1∶25万区域水文地质调查为例

以ETM+遥感数据为主要遥感信息源,应用遥感技术对喀喇昆仑山温泉地区进行1∶25万图幅的水文地质调查。根据地质体的影像特征并与前人地质填图结果对比,建立了遥感解译标志。重点对新生代地层及与水文地质有关的要素等进行解译,编制1∶25万新生代遥感解译图。根据遥感图像对研究区的第四纪沉积物的成因类型和分布范围、地貌特征及河流、湖泊、泉群、地下水溢出带、湿地等水文地质特征进行了研究。基于区内地下水形成环境的差异,地下水资源体系可以分为南部河谷冲积层地下水系统和北部内流湖盆地下水系统。总结地下水的分布特征认为,南部冲积层储水条件较为优越,且补给充分,其地下水与地表水构成一个统一的水资源系统;北部内流湖盆地区多为湖相沉积,受气象因素制约,山前巨大的冲洪积扇存在丰富的地下水外,地下水资源总体贫乏。遥感水文地质调查表明,遥感技术在高原区域填图与水文地质调查中具有高效率低成本的优点,可以在青藏高原水文地质调查中发挥重要作用。     

永登县大通河地热成因分析及远景开发规划

本文根据药水沟—龙王沟温泉的地质特征、水文地质条件及水文地球化学特性,分析了大通河地热的形成机理,并就其开发远景和开采方式提出一些看法。     

贵州省凯里市大中温泉地质特征及成因浅析

贵州凯里大中温泉位于凯里市舟溪水泥厂附近董公河，两处地热水出露点常年水温27～28℃。本文简要介绍了温泉的水文地质条件、地球物理、地球化学等特征，并简要分析了地热水形成的水动力特征和机理。     

庐山星子温泉成因探讨

从温泉区域地质构造背景入手,利用环境同位素和SiO2温标测算研究资料提供的地热水与补给区的相对时空位置关系,在系统解析补给区与温泉区地貌、地质构造特征以及水文地质条件基础上,认为温泉地热水的成因与庐山地质构造演化所形成的特殊地貌、地质构造环境及水文地质条件有关,有其特殊的形成条件和自然历程.     

新疆温泉县博格达尔温泉成因初探及开发利用前景分析

地热资源属于一种宝贵的矿产资源,它的形成需要特定的地质构造环境.通过对博格达尔温泉所处地区地质构造、水文地质条件的分析,根据温泉的水文地球化学特征,从温泉的水源、热源、同位素分析等方面对博格达尔温泉的成因进行了探讨,并针对温泉水进行了医疗热矿水等质量评价.     

北京地区地下水源热泵利用现状及存在问题

本文综合国内外地下水源热泵研究现状,通过对北京地区地下水源热泵利用现状调查分析,重点分析了地下水水源热泵利用过程中存在的不能完全回灌、回灌水温差过大、水井布设不合理等问题。结合北京平原区第四系水文地质条件,分析了不同含水层结构下如何合理布设地下水源热泵系统的用水井,尽量避免水源热泵系统的使用对地下水的影响。     

贵州省黄平县浪洞温泉成因探讨

在现场水文地质调查的基础上,测试温泉水化学组成,研究其发育的地质环境和构造特征,分析温泉的形成条件和成因。结果表明该温泉受上塘复背斜和上塘-归龙断层控制,属断裂型温泉,呈带状分布。     

水文地质建造及水文地质分层问题

水文地质分层,无疑是水文地质学,尤其是区域水文地质、水文地质测量和制图中最重要的问题之一。直到现在这个问题显然还没有得到完满的解决。大多数水文地质工作者对于水文地质分层的原则有着不同理解。有些人则完全忽略了这一问题。     

Radon in Himalayan springs: a geohydrological control

 This paper presents the results of radon measurements in springs of the Himalayan region by using radon emanometry technique. The radon was measured in different springs, draining from different geohydrological setups, and from stream water in order to find the geohydrological control over radon concentration in groundwater emanating in the form of spring. The radon values were found to vary from 0.4 Bq/l to 887 Bq/l, being observed lowest for a turbulent stream and highest for the spring. The radon values were recorded highest in the springs draining through gneiss, granite, mylonite, etc. Radon concentrations have been related with four spring types viz. fracture-joint related spring, fault-lineament related spring, fluvial related spring and colluvial related spring, showing geohydrological characteristics of the rocks through which they are emanating. The high radon concentration in fracture-joint and fault-lineament spring is related to increased ratio of rock surface area to water volume and uranium mineralisation in the shear zones present in the close vicinity of fault and thrust. The low concentration of radon in fluvial and colluvial springs is possibly because of high transmissivity and turbulent flow within such deposits leading to natural de-emanation of gases. Received: 6 January 1998 · Accepted 11 May 1999     

Intervention of Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) in resolving hydrological problems of a semi arid granite terrain of Southern India

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) has been used in association with several geohydrological, geotechnical and geophysical methods in resolving several site specific problems in hydrological science. Advancement in the field of computers and automation in the field of electronics has jointly resulted in the development of this geophysical innovation which has wide application in groundwater, environmental and engineering problems including monitoring of vadose zone water movement, steam injection etc. In this paper application of ERT in association with geohydrological and other exploration methods in resolving groundwater sustainability problem of a micro-watershed area in semi arid granite terrain is presented as three independent cases. In a hard rock terrain the probability of complexities in understanding the sub-surface lithology and its corresponding hydrological parameters are more. Hence appropriate resistivity survey configuration and suitable inversion of acquired data in congregation with other geo-scientific investigations were carried out to understand the site specific problem. The study demonstrated as 3 independent cases shows the usefulness of the ERT method in hydrological investigations, which is economic, efficient and less time consuming in comparison to the other exploration methods.     

Interpolation and trend analysis: Two geohydrological applications

This paper presents two examples of applications to geohydrological data of recent techniques of trend analysis and interpolation. The first case study concerns the resistivity of spring waters of a region in the Appenine mountains. This study has been carried out by Idrotecneco on behalf of the Italian Geological Survey, as part of a pilot study for a geohydrologic map of Italy. The second example concerns the water table levels of an aquifer in the Po River alluvial plain.     

吴堡矿区横沟井田矿井充水因素评价

吴堡矿区赋存着丰富的煤炭资源,但开采技术条件较复杂,其中水文地质条件复杂是影响煤炭开采的主要不利开采技术条件。本文依据横沟井田勘探资料,较全面地分析了井田水文地质条件,并着重评价了井田矿井充水因素。认为黄河水对横沟井田煤炭开采无影响;奥灰承压水对山西组煤层开采在正常地段不会造成危害,对太原组煤层开采有很大的威胁。并提出太原组煤层能否开采利用,还需进一步作详细地质勘查研究工作。     

Prediction criteria for groundwater potential zones in Kemuning District,Indonesia using the integration of geoelectrical and physical parameters

The presence of groundwater is strongly related to its geological and geohydrological conditions.It is,however,important to study the groundwater potential in an area before it is utilized to provide clean water.Werner-Schlumberger’s method was used to analyze the groundwater potential while hydraulic properties such as soil porosity and hydraulic conductivity were used to determine the quality and ability of the soil to allow water’s movement in the aquifer.The results show that the aquifer in the Sekara and Kemuning Muda is at a depth of more than 6 meters below the ground level with moderate groundwater potential.It is also found that the aquifer at depths of over 60 m have high groundwater potential.Moreover,soil porosity in Kemuning is found to be average while the ability to conduct water was moderate.This makes it possible for some surface water to seep into the soil while the remaining flows to the rivers and ditches.     

Hydrofracture: State Of The Art In South Africa

During the past five years, the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry of South Africa have hydrofractured a large number of low yielding boreholes in different geological and geohydrological regimes. In the Swartwater study area (10 holes), the results indicate that boreholes that were scientifically sited in order to intersect geological features such as faults or contacts are the most likely to be sucessfully stimulated. In the case of random site selection, the sucess rate was extremely low. By using the newly developed hydrofracture unit and carefully selecting the holes to be stimulated, a low-yielding water borehole can be sucessfully converted into a production hole for between 35 and 45% of the cost of drilling another borehole.     

Quantifying the failure probability of a canal levee

Polders in the Netherlands are protected from flooding by flood defence systems along main water bodies such as rivers, lakes or the sea. Inside polders, canal levees provide protection from smaller water bodies. Canal levees are mainly earthen levees along drainage canals that drain excess water from polders to the main water bodies. The water levels in these canals are regulated. During the last decades, probabilistic approaches have been developed to quantify the probability of failure of flood defences along the main water bodies. This paper proposes several extensions to this method to quantify the probability of failure of canal levees. These extensions include a method to account for (i) water-level regulation in canals, (ii) the effect of maintenance dredging on the geohydrological response of the canal levee and (iii) survival of loads in the past. The results of a case study demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of quantifying the probability of failure of canal levees and is useful for exploring the relative benefit of risk mitigating measures for canal levees.     

Regional hydrological thresholds for landslides and floods in the Tiber River Basin (central Italy)

 The definition of landslide warning thresholds, based on the analysis of hydrological data, is proposed. In the Tiber River Basin of central Italy historical information on landslides and floods, for the period 1918–1990, was available from a nationwide bibliographical and archive inventory on geohydrological catastrophes. Hydrological data were obtained from mean daily discharge records at various gauging stations within the basin. Several hundred hydrological events, broadly defined as a series of consecutive days having mean daily discharge exceeding a predefined value, were identified. Hydrological parameters obtained from the discharge records were used to rank the events according to their probability to trigger mass movements or inundations and to define regional thresholds for the occurrence of landslides and floods. The proposed approach, not lacking limitations, has conceptual and operational advantages, among which is the possibility of using historical information on geohydrological catastrophes. Received: 20 November 1996 · Accepted: 25 June 1997     

咸淡水驱替过程中含水介质渗透性变化的试验研究

在野外水文地质调查的基础上,采集青岛市大沽河下游咸水入侵区砂样,首先对含水介质的粒度和矿物组成进行了分析,然后通过室内砂槽模拟试验,对咸淡水驱替过程中含水介质的渗透性变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,当咸淡水相互驱替时,含水介质的渗透性会发生显著变化,这种变化主要是由于驱替液盐浓度的变化,使得伊利石、高岭石和绿泥石等非膨胀性粘土矿物经释放、迁移、絮凝和沉积,从而重新分布所引起的。含水介质渗透性的变化具有明显的非均质性,即位于距入水处不同水平距离以及不同高度处的含水介质,其渗透性变化规律有所不同。     

Geochemical investigation of groundwater contamination in Perungudi dumpsite,South India

Unscientific disposal of municipal solid waste causes groundwater contamination. The migration of leachate from the solid waste dumpsite to the aquifer varies according to the geohydrological profile of the dumpsite. A detailed study of the mechanism of leachate percolation to the groundwater helps to design a proper groundwater remediation technique. Multilevel boreholes were drilled in the periphery of the Perungudi dumpsite, Chennai, India. The major lithological layers and the geochemical analysis of the contaminant migrated from the dumpsite to the underlying aquifer has been studied. The distribution of heavy metals such as Pb, Fe, Zn, Cr, and Cd follows a similar trend in the pollutant source, groundwater samples around the dumpsite, and at various litho units beneath the dumpsite. The analysis thus helps to find an appropriate groundwater remediation technique to remove the specific contaminant and thereby provide a safe drinking water for the surrounding community.