行星际磁场扇形结构对中低纬地磁场的影响

本文用特征向量分析法对1973年北京地磁台水平磁场强度H的时均值资料进行了研究,识别出了行星际磁场扇形效应对中低纬地磁场H日变化的贡献。研究结果表明,中低纬扇形效应约为3-5nT的数量级,分点月最大（～5nT）,冬季最小（～3nT）。当扇形磁场背离太阳时,扇形效应引起白天H增大,夜间减小;当扇形磁场朝向太阳时,H的变化相反。用第一特征向量推断行星际磁场的扇形极性,其符合率在两分点月份和夏季达到70％左右,冬季低于50％,暗示了冬季反向扇形效应的存在。     

扇形边界附近太阻风粘性的数学描写和物理效应

本文首先指出经典粘性理论应适用于扇形边界低速风,接着论证了常用太阳风粘性数学表式的不正确性,导出了螺旋磁场中径向球对称强磁化等离子体流动的各种经典粘性表式,并证明了这些公式的合理性;最后讨论了常用太阳风经典粘性表式出错原因,估计了具有正确粘性公式的扇形边界低速太阳风粘性模式应有的结果。     

近地磁尾重联中哨声波和Hall磁场的Cluster观测

在2001～2003年Cluster飞船通过近地磁尾期间,共探测到14次重联事件,在这些事件中同时还观测到等离子体波活动.本文把14次事件分为三大类,其中：第I类包含了8次事件,它们是在等离子体片内先于重联事件观测到波活动,并且还同时观测到Hall磁场.经过分析判断,这类事件中观测到的波是右旋偏振的哨声波.第II类包含了2次事件,这类事件也观测到了Hall磁场和右旋偏振的哨声波.第Ⅲ类也包含了2次事件,这类事件只是普通的重联事件,没有观测到Hall磁场,但是波活动明显先于重联事件.在我们观测的14次事件中,比较强烈的哨声波和Hall 磁场是一一对应的,因此哨声波可能主要是在Hall磁场的四极结构区激发的.     

地震的季节周期性

科学家发现地壳运动与宇宙空间发生的过程有某种相关。例如,业已发现地震的11年周期性,这一周期现象势必使人推断它是受按同样周期变化的太阳活动所制约的。已经找到了能够帮助实现这种相关关系的机制,其实质就在于行星际磁场和地球磁场的相互作用。太阳是行星际磁场的成因。此种磁场与太阳天体不断释放出来的等离子体有关,并且是由各个扇形体组成的。在一些扇形体内磁场的方向背着太阳,而在另一些扇形体内则朝向太阳。被固有磁场层包围着的地球,在围绕着太阳天体运行时,轮流进入这个扇形体区或另个     

引力场中磁场重联的数值研究（Ⅱ）磁力线足点的剪切运动

本文基于二维三分量可压缩磁流体动力学模拟，数值研究由于磁力线足点在光球层的剪切运动引起日冕电流片中的磁场重联过程。结果表明，磁力线足点的剪切运动作为引起强迫磁场重联的一种触发机制，将加速磁场重联的发展和磁岛的合并过程。结合不稳定性导致等离子体急剧加速，在β_∞＝０．１的情况下其加速度达到０．３４ν_Ａ∞／τＡ，等离子体的最大下落速度可达１．９０ν_Ａ∞，大于纯电阻撕裂模情况。还讨论了β_∞值对这种磁场重联过程的影响。β_∞值越小，磁场重联和磁岛合并过程发展得越快。     

对地磁发电机理论的反思与天体磁场研究展望

由地球磁场的基本特征和电磁场理论,证明了流体外核不可能产生偶极磁场,地磁发电机理论对偶极磁场是无效的.并对地球和天体磁场的研究方向和方法进行了展望:偶极场与核心部分的自组织结构有关,多极子场与外部各层的组织结构或运动状态有关.     

关于太阳宇宙线传播问题的研究

本文以行星际大尺度扇形磁场为基础,建立了研究太阳宇宙线在行星际传播较合理的扇形坐标系,并导出了太阳宇宙线在这种坐标系中的传播方程。同时研究了太阳宇宙线的一种扩散模型,扩散方程的解依赖于耀斑源在太阳上的磁径度,并得到了粒子强度随时间变化的特性,与观测结果比较,理论与观测资料符合较好。     

磁云内局部高温质子的可能加热机制:磁场重联

磁云具有较强的磁场和较低的质子温度和Beta值等显著特征,但是大量的观测资料显示在磁云内部往往存在局部高温现象.磁云内局部高温的质子可能是由于其内部磁场重联引起的.以1995年10月18~20日磁云事件为例,该事件前边界到19日11:00 UT之间有一个明显地温度突起区,从这个持续时间将近31小时的磁云内部认证出了8个磁场重联出流区,且大部分磁场重联事件发生在磁云内部质子温度凸起的部分.所以磁云内局部区域的质子被磁场重联加热的可能性很大.     

运用三维运动学模型对行星际磁场南北分量的预测

提出一种可能产生行星际磁场南北分量扰动的物理机制,并将此物理机制运用于三维运动学模型,对原模型作了改进. 使用改进后的模型模拟研究了1997年5月12日06:30UT爆发的晕状(halo)日冕物质抛射(CME)事件对行星际磁场和等离子体的扰动,以及1978-1981年间17个与CME有关的行星际扰动事件. 在17个事件中有14个事件可准确预测出行星际磁场南北分量的方向,准确率为82%. 结果表明,模型计算出的行星际磁场南北分量的扰动方向与观测的方向是基本一致的.     

基于行星际磁场阿尔芬特性的星载磁通门磁强计在轨标定新方法

准确的磁场测量对深入研究空间等离子体环境具有重要意义.星载磁通门磁强计的磁补偿随时间缓慢变化,因此,需要对其进行常规的在轨标定.现有的在轨标定方法都依赖于磁扰动或磁结构事件的筛选,导致标定结果的频次受限于事件的筛选,且差的事件还会增大计算误差.为此,本文研发出一种不依赖于磁场事件筛选的在轨标定新方法.根据行星际磁场强度的取值范围,我们可建构一个磁补偿取值空间.不同的磁补偿值会影响行星际磁场的阿尔芬特性;于是,我们通过在磁补偿空间中找到使被调整之后的行星际磁场的阿尔芬特性最强的点作为磁补偿值的最优解.测试结果表明,我们的新方法可以利用1～4 h时长的行星际磁场数据获得误差小于0.1 nT的标定结果.     

Solar-terrestrial extrastorm of August 22–25, 2005. I. Solar sources

The solar-terrestrial extrastorm of August 22–25, 2005, has been considered in the context of the cyclic dynamics and structure of the large-scale open solar magnetic field and has been rated among the other extrastorms of cycle 23. It has been established that the storm under discussion was one of the last six extrastorms in the cycle that occurred during the specific third interval of the declining phase—the period of quasirigidly corotating four-sector structure. Inside this structure, we have revealed convergent motions of the photospheric sources of open fields, the active sector boundary, and the formation of a narrow longitudinal sector with the activity complex responsible for the set of four extrastorms of January–September 2005. It is shown that all extrastorms were accompanied by significant variations (up to 10²¹ μs) of the open field flux Φ. The storm of August 22–25 was accompanied by an increase in the magnetic flux Φ in the corresponding sector (with a doublet of solar flares) and a fast expansion of the sector to the dimensions at the beginning of this interval (September 2004).     

Causes of the divergence of magnetic tube photospheric bases in AR 10930

It is traditionally considered that the bases of emerging magnetic tubes, which are observed as magnetic elements (tube ??sections??) moving away from one another at the photospheric level, diverge completely because tubes are loop-shaped below the photosphere. It is assumed that there may be more causes. The possible Ampere force contribution to the divergence of the photospheric bases of a coronal magnetic rope (the magnetic tube system) with a current has been considered based on the evolution of photospheric magnetic fields in active region 10930 during December 8?C13, 2006. It has been concluded that the contributions of the emergence and horizontal motion caused by the Ampere force to the divergence of magnetic tube photospheric bases with a current can be comparable in magnitude.     

Geoefficiency of solar eruptive events

The sources of geomagnetic disturbances during 1999–2003 are discussed. The relation between geomagnetic activity and the rate of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), their parameters, and the dynamics of solar photospheric magnetic fields is considered. It is shown that during the reorganization of unipolar regions of the photospheric magnetic field, the number of CMEs increases and their parameters change. The geomagnetic disturbance level also increases in these periods.     

Positive and Negative Photospheric Fields in Solar Cycles 21–24

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The distribution of positive and negative photospheric fields is considered based on the synoptic maps of the photospheric magnetic field from the National Solar...     

Microwave radiation of solar active regions before X flares according to the RATAN-600 observations in 2011

The evolution of the microwave radiation from four active regions, where strong X-ray flares (X-class, GOES) occurred in 2011, has been studied. Daily multiwavelength RATAN-600 radio observations of the Sun in the 1.6–8.0 cm range have been used. It has been indicated that the radiosource above the photospheric magnetic field neutral line (above the region with the maximal convergence of the fields opposite in sign) becomes predominant in the structure of the active region microwave radiation one to two days before a powerful flare as in the eruptive events previously studied with RATAN-600. The appearance of such a radiosource possibly reflects the current sheet formation in the corona above the active region. The energy necessary for a flare is stored in the magnetic field of active region, which can be considered as a factor for predicting a powerful flare.     

Solar-terrestrial storms of October 2003. 2. Five-phase dynamics of the substorm of October 28–30

The assumption that a solar-heliospheric storm has five phases is formulated based on the storm that occurred in October 2003. The first phase: slow (between solar rotations) convergent motions of photospheric sources of large-scale open solar fields (LOFs) with generation of active regions (ARs) between these fields. The second phase: magnetic energy pumping with adjustment of zero lines of the photospheric magnetic field in AR to the configuration of the LOF sector (subsector) boundaries. The third phase: AR destabilization with ordering of the complex of sporadic phenomena near ARs parallel to the zero line and fragments of the nearest LOF boundary. The fourth phase: propagation of disturbances in the near-Sun space with ordering relative to the LOF boundaries. The fifth phase: propagation of a coronal mass ejection (CME) in the inner heliosphere in the case when the axial axis of a magnetic cloud in CME is parallel to the LOF boundary and to the zero line in AR. Original results of LOF modeling and a number of substantial results of the known advanced studies of individual aspects of this storm are used to justify this dynamics as applied to the storm of October 28–30. Specific contents and features of each storm phases are presented. The specific feature of the first phase, responsible for the storm space-time scales and intensity, consisted in the displacement of the entire LOF negative magnetic flux (～5 × 10²² μs) from the north pole to the south with flowing around a midlatitude obstacle and with zonal convergent motions of LOF. The assumption of the AR configuration adjustment (the second phase) and ordering of disturbances (the third–five phases) during this storm near the subsector boundary between LOFs of identical polarity has been confirmed. It is noted that the pulse phase of the AR 0486 flare, coronal waves, and dimmings along the subsector boundary and the southwestern LOF “dam” joining ARs 0486 and 0484 (superposition of the third and fourth phases) originated almost simultaneously. The two-component disturbance structure is confirmed: halo-type CME with the axis along the LOF subsector boundary and a bright local ejection of magnetic plasma from the region above the southwestern LOF dam.     

Relation between the photospheric magnetic field and phases of a 22-year solar cycle

Strong magnetic fields at latitudes of ±40° are studied on the basis of synoptic maps of the photospheric magnetic field from the Kitt Peak Observatory (1976–2003). The time variations and imbalance between positive and negative magnetic fluxes are studied for the Southern and Northern hemispheres. A change in the imbalance between fluxes of leading/following sunspots with a 22-year magnetic cycle is shown. The imbalance sign coincides with the sign of the global magnetic field in the Northern/Southern solar hemispheres, respectively.     

Directional and correlation analysis from the geomagnetic monitoring and seismic data on the Boso Peninsula in 2000

The mathematical technique is developed for cluster analysis of the orientation structure of the vector geophysical fields. In order to solve the problem of revealing correlations between quasi-linear processes, the notion of the correlation with the nonrigid metric of distance is introduced for the vectors generated by the flows of discrete events with a high degree of sparseness in time. The method is tested on the data from monitoring the magnetic field in a seismically active region of Japan. It is found that the cluster portrait of the orientation structure of the magnetic field is substantially different during quiet and disturbed days. The influence of seismic vibrations of the ground on the results of magnetic measurements is established.     

Results on 3-D solar magnetic field,observations and models

This review presents some of the new developments in the understanding of coronal magnetic fields in flares and coronal mass ejections. The modelling of the coronal magnetic field based on observed photospheric field permits to understand the location of energy release. Various flare observations are consistent with a model where magnetic reconnection occurs between two magnetic fields of different connectivity. Because magnetic helicity is almost conserved, the stored energy cannot be fully released in confined flares. The corona gets rid of the helicity injected by the convection zone only by ejecting part of the magnetic field. A severe physical constraint (open-field limit) on these ejections has been firmly established for force-free fields. It is, however, possible to open partially the field or to eject a twisted flux-tube keeping the energy of the field behind the open-field limit. New results show that in simply connected fields this happen after a finite time without loss of equilibrium, while in more complex topology a loss of equilibrium can still be present.     

Cycle Variations in the Photospheric and Interplanetary Magnetic Field and Solar Wind Parameters

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The influence of cycle changes in the polar and nonpolar photospheric magnetic fields on variations in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the solar wind...