我国GPS广域差分系统的实现

一、前言 全球卫星导航定位系统(GPS)近年来取得了迅猛的发展。1993年底24颗卫星已经布设完毕,任何地点、全天候、24小时的应用已经实现。在中国测绘科学研究院也已研制成功能够输出我国地方坐标系的GPS导航定位接收机。GPS非实时的高精度控制测量已经在我国各个测地部门得到推广。但是占GPS应用85％的实时导航定位却面临着新的挑战。美国的SA政策和AS政策人为地     

GPS数据采集技术及其在海洋调查中的应用

本文应用VB6．0开发了智能化的GPS数据采集软件．对该软件的功能进行了简单的介绍，同时对一些关键技术作了较详细的描述。利用该软件、GPS接收机及PC机的组合，可对走航式测量仪器(或移动设备)进行实时定位并保存定位记录，且大大减少一些不必要的数据，使得软件更为实用。     

实时差分GPS定位精度分析

实时差分GPS在海上动态定位的精度,一直是海道测量工作者关心的问题。本文首先介绍了它的工作原理,然后介绍了利用两台Ashtech M-Ⅻ型GPS接收机进行实时差分定位精度比对的情况。结果表明,这套仪器海上实时差分GPS定位精度达到了3m以内,完全能够满足海道测量的要求。文章的最后还分析了在实时差分GPS作业时应注意的问题。     

海洋测绘中的GPS卫星定位问题

GPS卫星定位技术,是开展海洋综合测绘的一种高效手段;如何在海洋测绘中充分发挥GPS技术精确快速定位的特长,是值得我们认真研究的重大课题。为此,本文较详细地论述了以下几个问题。1.根据边长和动静定位需要,选购适宜的GPS信号接收机;2.从海洋国土整体着眼,精心设计GPS海洋定位网的全网结构;为便于评定GPS数据质量,宜采用闭合环路式结构;3.正视SA技术对实时定位精度的损失,运用求差法削弱SA技术的影响。     

基于MapX的GPS位置信息实时标注系统

随着导航技术的发展,将GPS与GIS进行集成化开发,在电子地图中实时地标注GPS的位置等信息成为人们关注的热点。以MapX控件为图形平台,SerialPort控件为通信接口,在C#.net 2005环境下开发了一个小型GIS。针对GPS与GIS集成中的关键技术进行了研究,即GPS信号的接收和处理、GPS地理位置信息的实时显示。     

GPS-OEM原始数据向接收机自主交换格式的转换

介绍了全球定位系统接收机自主交换格式(R INEX)标准数据文件,然后以SuperStar GPS-OEM主板接收的二进制原始数据为例,详细介绍GPS主板原始数据向标准的R INEX数据格式的转换方法及编程实现。该方法对不同类型的GPS(OEM)接收机原始数据处理具有借鉴作用。     

GPS测波技术分析与初步实验研究

测波浮标是一种方便可行的波浪测量方法,首先分析了单点GPS接收机测波浮标的测量原理,然后做了单点GPS接收机测速实验和单点GPS接收机模拟测波实验,并对这两个实验的数据进行了分析处理,最后提出了单点GPS接收机测波浮标的初步设计方案,为进一步推动这项测波技术的国产化打下了基础。     

差分GPS卡尔曼滤波技术

本文介绍了两种型号GPS接收机实时读取观测数据、星历信息的输入码,讨论了海洋DGPS卡尔曼滤波算法及自适应技术,通过实例计算,得出几点有益结论。     

GPS接收机测量位移方法研究

首先介绍了全球定位系统(GPS)的工作原理;然后给出了利用多普勒频偏原理测量GPS接收机天线位移的方法;最后通过现场实验,对比GPS接收机天线的运动轨迹曲线和红球的运动轨迹曲线,验证了该测量位移方法的可行性.     

基于北斗短报文的震源船跟踪系统设计与实现

通过在震源船上部署3套GPS接收机,并对3个点的位置信息进行汇总和压缩,利用北斗短报文将压缩后的位置信息推送到陆海联测指挥部,实现对震源船航速、航向的实时监控.根据3个点位信息计算的实时震源船航向,有助于准确把握震源船在进行固定点悬停激发时的航向,克服了以往使用前后两个时刻推算的平均航向代替实时航向等问题.使用我国自主知识产权的北斗短报文进行通讯,大大提高了系统的安全性、可靠性和稳定性;同时陆海联测指挥部可以实时查看震源船是否按事先设定的测线、事先设定的速度和航向进行作业,有效保障了监控平台对震源船的监控,进一步提升安全生产的风险控制能力.     

基于随机共振的GPS接收信号消噪方法

GPS接收信号中的噪声干扰一直以来都是研究人员想方设法消除的不利因素,但在某些非线性系统中,噪声的存在却能够提高信号的检测性能,利用Langevin方程构建的非线性随机共振系统对GPS接收信号进行消噪处理,经过对仿真信号的验证,消噪效果明显,将在GPS接收信号消噪领域得到很好的应用。     

Determination of instantaneous sea surface,wave heights,and ocean currents using satellite observations of the global positioning system

Abstract

Using GPS phase observations in the kinematic mode, we are able to achieve centimeter accuracy in relative three‐dimensional coordinates. This could be verified even for fast‐moving sensors in aircraft, such as airborne photogrammetric cameras, at the time of exposure. Sophisticated kinematic software has been developed resolving cycle slips and carrier‐phase ambiguities during motion. To determine the instantaneous sea surface, the GPS receiver is placed in a free‐drifting buoy with the antenna on top. Differencing the 1‐Hz observations, wave heights can be determined as well as velocity and direction of ocean (tidal) currents.

This article deals with the experiences from a test for the practical realization of this proposal. Hardware installation, software, and data analysis are described. Plans to use such an observational scenario of a GPS buoy array in the North Sea for the calibration of the radar altimeter of the European satellite ERS‐1 are presented.     

基于最小均方误差算法消除GPS接收机噪声

从解决GPS接收机受干扰的实际需求出发,阐述了基于LMS算法的自适应滤波器基本原理和不同的噪声产生方式,并对GPS接收机仿真信号与噪声进行叠加。最后用基于LMS算法的自适应滤波器对仿真信号进行消噪处理,得到良好的消噪效果,证明了基于LMS算法的自适应滤波器能够应用于GPS接收机滤波系统。     

略论海洋测高卫星GPS厘米级定轨的实施基础

基于对多种飞机的机载GPS测量实践,认为我国HY-2海洋二号卫星实现厘米级精度的星载GPS定轨测量的基础是:选择适合天线,捕获多颗在视GPS卫星;注重天线安装位置,减弱多路径效应影响;选择适合GPS信号接收机,确保星载GPS测量数据优质。     

利用MATLAB实时处理GPS数据

利用MATLAB软件环境,现场接收并实时处理海上地球物理调查过程中的GPS定位数据,剔除原始数据中的跳点,处理定位误差。采用样条拟合对测线进行拟合光滑,绘制各步处理结果的图形,并将处理前后的航向、航速数据及由此计算出的Eotvos改正值绘制成的曲线进行比较,结果表明:由原始数据计算得到的定位误差较大,与实际船体航行的轨迹有一定差距,而用经过MATLAB处理后的数据计算得到的定位误差较小,航向、航速等与船体航行的真实航迹接近,由此计算出的Eotvos改正值的精度也达到了海上重力测量中Eotvos改正的要求,保证了地球物理数据的质量。     

One-Centimeter Orbit Determination for Jason-1: New GPS-Based Strategies

The U.S./French Jason-1 satellite is carrying a state-of-the-art GPS receiver to support precise orbit determination (POD) requirements. The performance of the Jason-1 “BlackJack” GPS receiver was strongly reflected in early POD results from the mission, enabling radial accuracies of 1-2 cm soon after the satellite's 2001 launch. We have made further advances in the GPS-based POD for Jason-1, most notably in describing the phase center variations of the on-board GPS antenna. We have also adopted new geopotential models from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). The new strategies have enabled us to better exploit the unique contributions of the BlackJack GPS tracking data in the POD process. Results of both internal and external (e.g., laser ranging) comparisons indicate that orbit accuracies of 1 cm (radial RMS) are being achieved for Jason-1 using GPS data alone.     

Shipboard towers for Global Positioning System antennas

Two 12.2 m-high towers for mounting Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver antennas were designed and constructed to provide millimeter-level stability while maintaining portability and accessibility to satellites and deck spaces. A combination of guys and a 3-m horizontal strut provide roll and pitch stability of 2–3 mm observed from 0.1 seconds to 12 days using a combination of GPS and optical/laser devices. The shipboard antenna mounts connect sub-aerial GPS positioning to underwater acoustic ranging that determine the centimeter-level location of seafloor transponders. Observed annually, these seafloor geodetic positions measure seafloor crustal motion for geophysical studies.     

GPS／GLONASS信号的同机接收问题

本文综述了GPS/GLONASS卫星及其导航定位信号的异同点,讨论了GPS/GLONASS集成接收机的研制难点。     

One-Centimeter Orbit Determination for Jason-1: New GPS-Based Strategies

The U.S./French Jason-1 satellite is carrying a state-of-the-art GPS receiver to support precise orbit determination (POD) requirements. The performance of the Jason-1 “BlackJack” GPS receiver was strongly reflected in early POD results from the mission, enabling radial accuracies of 1–2 cm soon after the satellite's 2001 launch. We have made further advances in the GPS-based POD for Jason-1, most notably in describing the phase center variations of the on-board GPS antenna. We have also adopted new geopotential models from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). The new strategies have enabled us to better exploit the unique contributions of the BlackJack GPS tracking data in the POD process. Results of both internal and external (e.g., laser ranging) comparisons indicate that orbit accuracies of 1 cm (radial RMS) are being achieved for Jason-1 using GPS data alone.     

GPS与测距仪短距离测量精度探讨

GPS用于较短距离测量(几米到千米)的精度能够达到什么的量级,是工程测量者比较关注的问题。我们在一项特殊的工程中,同时使用GPS接收机和测距仪进行了距离测量,根据实测数据,分析GPS用于短距离测量所达到的精度。