地倾斜干扰因素的典型图象分类与说明

地倾斜观测资料有两类共九种干扰噪声,因此往往地震前兆与干扰不易区分。通过清理攻关,我们将有关带有普遍性的干扰因素典型图象列出,并作了简要的物理机制说明。     

抽水对地倾斜记录干扰的试验研究

本文分析了我台关于抽水对地倾斜观测的干扰试验数据。结果表明,抽水量与NS向倾斜变幅,抽水速率与倾变速率等均呈高度线性相关。 文中展示了抽水对倾斜干扰的典型图象,同时给出了经组合滤波输出后倾斜短期干扰形态。 文中对抽水干扰进行了机理分析,最后就如何排除抽水干扰提出了初步意见。     

浅析垂直形变资料中某些干扰因素及其排除方法

本文简述了在现有垂直形变资料(精度为10~(-3)～10~(-6))分析中,应用理论公式、回归分析等,排除其受“热形变”、地下水、干旱、降雨和气温干扰的方法;着重探讨了用稳定可靠的基岩点作依据、借辅助观测量建立近似数学模型等分析方法,排除长线水准资料中土层点下沉干扰、地温和断层无震蠕动对台站水准,以及地表水位变化对面倾斜的干扰问题。用两倍噪声水平作噪声限来鉴定余差中的信息、捕捉地震前兆,取得了一定的效果。     

用褶积滤波及多元回归方法处理断层位移测量资料

本文着重讨论在已知气温、地温、蒸发、降雨等主要气象参数的前提下,用统计回归方法排除其干扰影响。对于有记忆影响的降雨因子采用褶积滤波方法进行处理,并顾及干扰因子的不同影响,采用多元回归方法进行综合分析,以求达到排除干扰识别异常的目的。并通过算例分别探讨了降雨因素对土层点与基岩点观测数据的影响;数据处理后,证实跨断层测线反映异常信息优于不跨断层测线;对于异常年如何参加回归也提出了一些看法。     

遥感图象的马尔柯夫随机场模型的纹理识别方法

本文讨论了马尔柯夫随机场图象模型及邻域选择方法,提出了8邻域5特征参数的马尔柯夫随机场图象模型以及一套完整而有效的特征参数的估计算法,将这些特征参数变成可视图象从而实现了视算。对8类不同纹理的标准图象进行分类试验,其识别(分类)的平均正确率达97.57％。     

豫北地区重力场变化和重力仪格值的系统误差

作者对豫北地区流动重力观测资料进行了自由网平差计算。结果发现,1983年6月至1984年9月,豫北地区重力场呈现了一规律性变化,最大差异性变化达220微伽。进一步的研究发现,豫北地区重力点值变化的空间分布图象与重力点值的空间分布图象十分相象,两者间的相关系数高达0.88。这表明重力仪格值存在着明显的系统误差。经回归改正计算后,豫北地区重力场除了个别段点外,其异常变化基本消除。如何判明和消除重力仪格值系统误差对重力复测的影响是长期以来未能得到有效解决的问题。本文应用的方法为解决这一问题提供了一种行之有效的途径。     

图象边缘检测的模糊数学方法

讨论用模糊数学方法实现图象边缘检测的原理和方法，对多幅实际图象进行试验结果表明，该方法是有效的．     

基于K中心点聚类分析的大地电磁阻抗识别

在大地电磁场复杂的观测环境中,信号会受到不同类型或程度的噪声干扰。传统阻抗估计或提取方法(如功率谱法、Robust法等)难以获得稳定的阻抗值。利用大地电磁阻抗的实虚分量特性,受噪声干扰小的信号阻抗分布集中,受噪声干扰严重的信号阻抗分布散乱。引入K中心点聚类分析对阻抗进行提取与识别,并利用阻抗欧氏距离来描述阻抗间的相似性,依据相似性把受干扰小的信号阻抗划分到一类,受干扰大的信号阻抗划分到不同的类。依据相干度准则和紧凑性准则等类的选取准则,甄别出干扰环境中阻抗所在的最佳类。通过仿真实验和实例分析,验证了K中心点聚类分析能在噪声环境中识别出高质量的信号,恢复出真实阻抗值。     

孕震前兆场图象演化的整体特征

本文讨论了信息维D_1用于描述具有场特征的地震前兆图象的可能性以及具体方法。为了计算操作方便,提出了信息维定义的改型公式,对两种不同的实际资料作了计算,结果证实用信息维来描述这类前兆图象是适当的。初步阐述了“降维过程”作为一种系统破坏的整体模式,具有普适性。指出:降维过程中的最小值点可能是孕震过程由中期向短临过渡的转折点。     

利用形状匹配技术作数字图象对位

本文提出一种利用区域形状匹配技术来实现数字图象的自动对位的方法。利用对噪声和畸变相对稳定的弦分布形状匹配法,建立由待定位图象中分割出来的区域之间的相似关系。用概率松弛标签算法优化和确认匹配,进而得出对位所需的变换参数。分析和实验均表明:这种方法对有未知比例,位移和旋转变化的图象的对位效果良好。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on floral composition in the Pyrenees mountains

Livestock behaviour in the Pyrenees includes free grazing and a long resting period that provokes the accumulation of dung and urine in some places,so-called camping areas. The aims of this study were （i） to analyze any change in floral composition,and in nutritional and chemical contents of plants in a livestock camping area; and （ii） to relate the floral composition with soil chemical properties. In a linear transect,five sampling zones were established,from the centre of the camping area to the surrounding Nardus stricta-dominant pasture. The above ground plant biomass and the topsoil were sampled in each zone with 6 replicates per zone. Plant species were classified and weighed to calculate above ground biomass,nutritional and chemical contents,and Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Additionally,soils were sampled in two periods,at the beginning and at the end of grazing period. Soil available nutrients （nitrate,ammonium,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium）,total nitrogen,organic carbon and pH were measured.
Plant chemical contents （protein,lignin and others） were significantly related to the proportions of grasses,legumes and other plants; so,the protein content is positively correlated with legumes plant biomass while lignin content is negatively correlated with grasses. Both plant and soil nutrients increased linearly towards the centre of the camping area. However,the relationship among plant species richness,diversity and evenness relative to its position along the studied transect was bell-shaped. From the outskirts to the centre of the camping area,plants with low nutrient demand were progressively replaced by those with medium and high nutrients demand and by pioneers.
Nardus stricta-dominant pasture has low plant diversity and plant nutrient content as well as a poor soil nutrient availability. The presence of the camping area introduced patches with more soil nutrients and new species in the large spatial scale. However at a small spatial scale,the strong soil nutrien     

General Table of Contents(Vol.11,2014)

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介绍GPS定位中的几个概念

文章概略介绍了利用卫星进行定位的原理 ;由卫星信号传播、信号接收和SA政策等引起的理论误差 ;给出了多种快速、高精度定位的工作模式和观测点选择的原则 ;列出了将WGS - 84坐标转换为我国坐标的公式及解算参数的具体方法 ,供读者在GPS工作中参考。