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青藏高原近30年来现代冰川的演化特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
青藏高原现代冰川总的演化特征是面积在不断缩小,厚度在不断减薄,冰储量在不断降低。冰川演化具有阶段性、地域性不同的特点。从20世纪60年代末期至80年代末期,青藏高原现代冰川的面积稍有增加,因为增加的冰川很少。从20世纪80年代末期开始,青藏高原现代冰川面积明显减少,减少的速度也在加快,尤其是毗邻塔里木盆地的冰川分布区及喜马拉雅山地区。青藏高原不同山系现代冰川的演化也不同——帕米尔高原现代冰川面积的减少最为明显,其次是喜马拉雅山和祁连山等地;羌塘高原和昆仑山地区现代冰川的面积减少较小;其他山系现代冰川面积的减少介于二者之间。 相似文献
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青藏高原的快速隆升,不仅改变了原有的地貌形态,而且还改变了构造格局、河流走向、亚洲季风和大气环流等。以全国生态地质环境遥感调查与监测成果为基础,从青藏高原隆升的角度出发,系统分析了高原生态地质环境特征、高原生态地质环境响应与规律。研究结果表明:青藏高原地质环境是控制青藏高原及其周边地区生态环境形成、发展与演化的基础;青藏高原的快速隆升为现代冰川发育、荒漠化、地质灾害等的发生提供了外力因素;青藏高原气候环境是我国生态环境变化的重要动力来源;人类活动对青藏高原及其周边地区起到了催化剂作用。 相似文献
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机载LiDAR和高光谱数据融合提取冰川雪线 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以西藏那曲县境内的“中习一号”冰川为研究区,对2011年8月获取的机载激光雷达点云进行预处理和滤波分类,提取研究区数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM);将DEM数据分别与同期获取的机载高光谱栅格数据和提取出的冰川矢量数据进行三维地形模拟,利用DEM数据对高光谱最大似然法分类结果进行正射纠正,从而获取研究区的数字正射影像(digital orthophoto map,DOM);最后结合研究区DOM和机载点云数据提取“中习一号”冰川的雪线.结果表明:融合机载高光谱和机载激光雷达2种数据的优势,能更方便地提取出冰川雪线,而且能很好地显示雪线的高度. 相似文献
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为了更好地开展冰川变化与地质灾害隐患的监测研究,该文基于Sentinel-1A数据,使用合成孔径雷达影像偏移量追踪技术和GACOS辅助下的小基线集-InSAR方法,对阿尼玛卿冰川表面流速及周边区域地质灾害隐患点进行了监测分析。结果表明:2015—2021年阿尼玛卿冰川表面流速先增加后减缓,在2018年达到了最大(6 m/a);冰川流速暖季(5—9月)大于冷季(10月—次年4月);地质灾害隐患点多集中于冰川两侧,其形变速率与冰川运动速率一致性较好,推测与冰川融水对岩土体稳定性的影响有关。该文的研究结果可为冰川融化引起的地质灾害的防灾减灾工作提供重要参考。 相似文献
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针对青藏高原地区的冰川消融会影响发源于该地区的长江流域水储量变化这一情况,该文对二者的相关性进行深入研究。基于GRACE卫星2004—2010年重力数据,联合水文模型,利用水量平衡法,计算得到青藏高原地区冰川消融的平均速率为0.369cm/a,表明青藏高原冰川正在以较大速率消融;进而反演建立青藏高原和长江流域两个区域质量变迁的时间序列,计算得到两个区域的平均变化速率分别为-0.095cm/a和0.381cm/a,表明青藏高原地区的质量在以缓慢的速率减少,而长江流域水储量具有逐年增加的趋势且变化速率更大;最后通过分析计算结果,得出青藏高原地区冰川消融对长江流域水储量变化的贡献占其整个水量变化的20%。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(1):80-87
Abstract Cultures throughout the world are associating with the rivers. People depend upon the rivers and their tributaries for food, water, transport, and many other aspects of their daily lives. Unfortunately, human beings have not calculated the accurate lengths for the great rivers even today. The lengths of the rivers are very different in popular textbooks, magazines, atlases and encyclopedias, etc. To accurately determine the lengths of the principal rivers of the world, the combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions is proposed in this paper. The lengths of the Nile, Amazon, Yangtze, Mississippi, Yellow, Ob, Yenisey, Amur, Congo and Mekong, with lengths over or close to 5000 km, were calculated using the proposed method. The results may represent the most reliable and accurate lengths of the principal rivers of the world that are currently achievable. 相似文献
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软科学这一术语是70年代在国外提出的.然而30多年以来,它在国外不仅未得到普遍的承认,而且对软科学的定义也还未能达成大体上一致的共识.而在改革开放后的中国,出于决策科学化和民主化的需要,经过一些领导人的提倡和支持,特别是通过1986年召开的软科学座谈会及1994年召开的全国软科学工作会议,软科学事业得到了蓬勃的发展.据初步统计,截止1998年底全国共有软科学研究机构1224个,研究人员32655人,初步形成了一支较为强大的研究队伍,并取得了数百项覆盖多个领域的研究成果,为支持各级各类的决策发挥了一定的作用. 相似文献
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Tobias Nilsson Benedikt Soja Kyriakos Balidakis Maria Karbon Robert Heinkelmann Zhiguo Deng Harald Schuh 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(7):857-866
The very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) Intensive sessions are typically 1-h and single-baseline VLBI sessions, specifically designed to yield low-latency estimates of UT1-UTC. In this work, we investigate what accuracy is obtained from these sessions and how it can be improved. In particular, we study the modeling of the troposphere in the data analysis. The impact of including external information on the zenith wet delays (ZWD) and tropospheric gradients from GPS or numerical weather prediction models is studied. Additionally, we test estimating tropospheric gradients in the data analysis, which is normally not done. To evaluate the results, we compared the UT1-UTC values from the Intensives to those from simultaneous 24-h VLBI session. Furthermore, we calculated length of day (LOD) estimates using the UT1-UTC values from consecutive Intensives and compared these to the LOD estimated by GPS. We find that there is not much benefit in using external ZWD; however, including external information on the gradients improves the agreement with the reference data. If gradients are estimated in the data analysis, and appropriate constraints are applied, the WRMS difference w.r.t. UT1-UTC from 24-h sessions is reduced by 5% and the WRMS difference w.r.t. the LOD from GPS by up to 12%. The best agreement between Intensives and the reference time series is obtained when using both external gradients from GPS and additionally estimating gradients in the data analysis. 相似文献
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In this letter, we are trying to resolve the electromagnetic problem for the movements of the superconducting particles of the protoplanetary cloud in the magnetic field of Saturn. The force of levitation (Meissner-Ochsenfeld phenomenon) is introduced to the field of planetary science for the first time. It is shown from our theoretical analysis that rings of Saturn might have a superconducting origin, and rings might levitate within magnetic equator plane of the planet. 相似文献
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根据残差二次型次小与最小之差进行整周模糊度确认的关键是差值的分布,只有得到了合理的差值分布才可确定合理的界值.文中基于原有的两种方法及这两种方法的不足,从理论上导出了满足条件的差值分布,并作了一定的说明. 相似文献