《甘肃省地震安全性评价管理条例》修订相关问题探讨

自2015年 “放管服” 改革以来,地震安全性评价政策发生重大变化,地震安全性评价资质许可和结果审定等行政许可被取消,改为强制性评估,继而开展区域性地震安全性评价。国家层面的相关行政法规已于2017和2019年进行了两次修订。《甘肃省地震安全性评价管理条例》作为调整甘肃省地震安全性评价相关法律关系的专门性地方性法规,颁布距今已有15年之久,出现与上位法冲突、法律空白及法律滞后性明显等不适应经济社会发展的情形。本文从地方性法规修订的角度出发,阐述了修订的意义、修订应当把握的原则,并就明确地震安全性评价对象、部门职能职责权限、地震安全性评价范围、区域性地震安全性评价等制度方面提出具体建议,分析当前省级地震工作主管部门在修法及工作实践中存在的困境,提出相关建议。      

防震减灾行政法律关系问题探讨

运用行政法学基本原理,结合防震减灾法律、法规和工作实际,分析探讨了防震减灾行政法律关系中的主体、客体等问题。     

关于地震重点监视防御区信息公开问题的讨论

地震重点监视防御区(以下简称“地震重防区”)制度是《防震减灾法》确立的基本法律制度之一.在《防震减灾法》的指导下,部分省制定出台了地方政府规章,进一步细化了这一法律制度.在法律实践方面,1996年国务院批准了1996-2005年全国地震重防区方案,2006年又批准了2006-2020年全国地震重防区方案.     

防震减灾行政行为有关问题概述

运用行政法学基本原理，结合防震减灾法律、法规和工作实际，初步分析探讨了防震减灾具体行政行为、抽象行政行为的现状及其应有的发展态势。     

防震减灾工作中依法补位行政的问题与认识

0前言《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》(以下简称《防震减灾法》)赋予了地震部门依法行政的社会管理职能。中国地震局制定的《地震安全性评价管理条例》发布后,各省和省会城市都相继出台了地方性法规。云南省人大、政府相继制定的《云南省防震减灾条例》(政府令),进一步明确了执法     

地震应急避难场所规划建设的实践与思考

1避难场所规划建设的情况(略) 2应急避难场所规划建设若干问题的思考 (1)应急避难场所规划建设,应当成为一种政府行为、政府责任.要在法律、法规和政府文件中提出明确的规定或要求,尤其是在国家制定的法律、法规中要有明确的规定.建议在修订<中华人民共和国防震减灾法>时,增加相关章节、内容.     

对我国防震减灾法律体系的分析思考

我国是世界上地震灾害最为严重的国家之一。50余年的防震减灾工作实践表明,健全防震减灾法律体系对于提升我国地震灾害防御能力具有十分重要的作用。采用文献查阅、对比分析等方法,在全面梳理我国防震减灾法律体系现状的基础上,总结分析了存在的4个方面问题,并借鉴日本和美国的先进经验,提出了出台《自然灾害防治法》、修订《突发事件应对法》,适时修订防震减灾有关法律法规,进一步明确防震减灾职权主体的法定职责任务,完善地方防震减灾法律体系等对策建议。     

北京市震害防御与工程地震工作的进展

北京市地震局设有震害防御处和震害防御与工程地震研究所。为了切实推动我市震害防御与工程地震行政管理和科学研究工作,新北京市地震局自组建以来,在中国地震局震害防御司和北京市市政管理委员会的领导和支持下,主要开展了以下几方面的工作：①依据国家有关法律、法规,制定北京市地震安全性评价管理方面的法规和行政规章;②加强地震灾害预防方面的行政管理;③结合北京市防震减灾工作的实际,做好震害预测方面的管理和研究;④满足北京市建设的需要,开展工程地震业务,直接为社会服务。经过几年的努力,北京市震害防御与工程地震工作…     

关于完善西藏防震减灾工作中地方法规建设的思考

随着以法治国方略的实施和中国特色社会主义法律体系的初步建立,以《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》为基本框架的防震减灾法规体系得到不断完善。长期以来西藏受各种因素的影响,自治区防震减灾地方立法进展缓慢,对此,结合西藏防震减灾法制建设实际,在完善西藏防震减灾地方立法方面提出自己的一些观点和措施。     

黑龙江省建设工程抗震设防要求监管探究

黑龙江省建设工程抗震设防要求监管伴随1998年《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》的颁布施行从无到有取得了跨越式发展。15年来,建设工程抗震设防要求监管在人员机构、法律体系、行政管理程序等方面日趋完善,但尚存不足。本文以多方面调研为基础,对制约抗震设防要求监管水平提升的相应问题进行详细剖析,并提出解决问题的对策与建议。     

东、南洞庭湖的径流、泥沙特征及冲淤规律

通过实地调查并对1957年以来水文、泥沙观测资料做系统分析和计算,探讨东、南洞庭湖出、入湖水量、沙量的年际和年内变化特征,以及长江下荆江段裁弯对湖区径流和泥沙的影响。提出了湖区泥沙汛淤枯冲的变化规律及水位升降与湖区泥沙冲淤的关系;论证了丰、平、枯年湖区淤积严重,面积日益缩小对径流的调节作用正在减弱。     

燕郊等测点迁移优化与地磁观测研究

为优化地磁观测条件，开展了燕郊、夏垫等测点迁移工作；按照测眯迁移原则与实施技术方案，完整地收集并整理了地质构造与地球物理等方面的基本资料；进行了野外实地勘察，磁场梯度的测量，确定了新测点，在新老测点上进行了较长时间的地磁场对比观测；应用多种方法分析研究了地磁对比观测资料，结果表明，新老测点与有关测点的地磁变化具有良好的一致性，并得到了新老测点之间的地磁数据的按点差。     

Temporal variations and scaling of streamflow and baseflow and their nitrate-nitrogen concentrations and loads

The patterns of temporal variations of precipitation (P), streamflow (SF) and baseflow (BF) as well as their nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate) concentrations (C) and loads (L) from a long-term record (28 years) in the Raccoon River, Iowa, were analyzed using variogram and spectral analyses. The daily P is random but scaling may exist in the daily SF and BF with a possible break point in the scaling at about 18 days and 45 days, respectively. The nitrate concentrations and loads are shown to have a half-year cycle while daily P, SF, and BF have a one-year cycle. Furthermore, there may be a low-frequency cycle of 6–8 years in C. The power spectra of C and L in both SF and BF exhibit fractal 1/f scaling with two characteristic frequencies of half-year and one-year, and are fitted well with the spectrum of the gamma distribution. The nitrate input to SF and BF at the Raccoon watershed seems likely to be a white noise process superimposed on another process with a half-year and one-year cycle.     

GIS与防灾减灾

地理信息系统(GIS)在我国已得到广泛的应用。在简要介绍G1S的发展历程、特点和发展趋势的基础上，重点从防灾减灾的角度介绍了GIS在气象灾害、地震灾害、地质灾害等领域的应用成果。     

Fault and system stiffnesses and stick-slip phenomena

Summary This paper discusses the influence of system stiffness on the dynamic instability of fault surfaces under laboratory conditions for a number of test modes. In conjunction with shear load stiffness, the normal load stiffness, often neglected, is shown to have a considerable effect on the stick-slip process —its presence or absence and its characteristics. Also appropriate stiffnesses are suggested for an earthquake sequence modeled as a growing dislocation.     

Correlation of foreshocks and aftershocks and asperities

A close correlation in spatial distribution of local seismic activity and energy release patterns before and after the 1979 Petatlan, Mexico earthquake suggests heterogeneity within the fault plane of this major low-angle thrust event associated with subduction along the Middle America Trench. A simple two-asperity model is proposed to account for the complexity. Foreshocks and aftershocks of the neighboring 1981 Playa Azul earthquake showed a similar pattern. As both events occurred at the junction of the Orozco Fracture Zone and the Middle America Trench, we speculate that the observed complex fault plane is caused by subduction of the rugged ocean floor of the Orozco Fracture Zone. Short-term precursory seismicity prior to the Petatlan earthquake can be explained by using the asperity model and migration of a slip front from the south-east to the north-west across the main shock source region.     

地震系统科技信息资源集成整合的探索与研究

本文探索了网络化环境下,利用现代化的信息技术,对地震科技信息资源集成整合以及共建共享等问题。     

Causes and solutions of overshoot and undershoot and end swing in Hilbert-Huang transform

Introduction Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is a great break in processing nonlinear and non-stationary data and can be successfully used in many science domains. There are mainly two parts in this method. The first part is to decompose the original data into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) with the empirical mode decomposition (EMD). IMF components are derived from the original data directly according to the local characteristics in the data under some rules, so that IMF are poste…     

石油双机(有机+无机)混合成因的研究与探索

石油与天然气的成因问题关系到我国乃至世界各国能源结构的配置及其能源在社会与经济发展中的地位和导向.自从17世纪展开对石油的有机与无机成因的争论以来,至今已有约300~400年的历史.尽管有机成因论占据了统治地位,但是无机成因论亦不断地在兴起!通过对这二者的理解和研究,从理论上讲他们都具有一定的物质基础和论据.基于对国内、外一些特异油田的生储环境,原油中所富含的微量金属元素的聚集与散失,某些油田中并未找到卟啉分子这样的生物标志物,碳、氢、氧化学合成实验等方面取得了一定的成效,故全盘否定无机生油的论点和论据确尚感为时过早或欠妥!显然,在以有机物成油为主体的前提下,无机物亦可生成部分石油,并通过运移、渗透到各油田的储集层中应是完全可能的.基于这样的分析、研究和探索,现提出石油的双机(a有机+b无机)混合成因的新理念.诚希能在今后的石油工业发展中,从理论、技术、实验和实践中强化对双机混合成因新理念的深化研究与探索,以达深切理解和扩展石油生、储空间环境等是不无裨益的!     

Advancements and best practices for analysis and correlation of tephra and cryptotephra in ice

Geochemical analysis of fine grained (<20 μm) tephra found in ice cores is inherently difficult, due to the typically low number and small size of available particles. Ice core tephra samples require specialized sample preparation techniques to maximize the amount of information that can be gained from these logistically limited samples that may provide important chronology to an ice record, as well as linking glacial, marine and terrestrial sediments. We have developed a flexible workflow for preparation of tephra and cryptotephra samples to allow accurate and robust geochemical fingerprinting, which is fundamental to tephrochronology. The samples can be prepared so that secondary electron imagery can be obtained for morphological characterization of the samples to ensure that the sample is tephra-bearing and then the sample can be further prepared for quantitative electron microprobe analysis using wavelength dispersive techniques (EMP-WDS), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) or secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Some samples may be too small for typical instrumentation conditions to be used (i.e. 20 μm beam on the EMP) to analyze for geochemistry and we present other techniques that can be employed to obtain accurate, although less precise, geochemistry. Methods include analyzing unpolished tephra shards less than 5 μm in diameter with a 1 μm beam on an SEM; using the “broad beam overlap” EMP method on irregular particles less than 20 μm in diameter, and analyzing microlitic shards as well as aphyric shards using EMP to increase the number of analyzed shards in low abundance tephra layers. The methods presented are flexible enough to be employed in other geological environments (terrestrial, marine and glacial) which will help maximize and integrate multiple environments into the overall tephra framework.