利用不同倾斜仪和应变仪检测地球自由振荡的对比与分析

中国地震局地壳形变观测台网布设有垂直摆倾斜仪、钻孔倾斜仪、洞体应变仪、分量式钻孔应变仪与体应变仪等地形变观测仪器。这些观测仪器均记录到了2011年日本M_W9.0大地震激发的自由振荡信号。本文分别利用单台数据和多台数据叠积,检测到_0S_3~_0S_(30)全部的球型自由振荡基频振型和_0T_3~_0T_(20)全部的环型自由振荡基频振型及部分谐频振型。此外,通过对这些检测结果的对比,分析了它们对不同自由振荡类型、不同频段的振型检测能力。分析发现垂直摆倾斜仪对球型自由振荡的检测结果最佳,且由于在低频段有较高的噪声干扰,钻孔倾斜仪无法检测到低阶的球型自由振荡。对于环型自由振荡的检测,分量式钻孔应变仪检测结果最佳。     

新疆阿勒泰驼峰山地震台水管倾斜、洞体应变观测异常核实

2013年以来,阿勒泰驼峰山地震台水管倾斜、洞体应变观测值同步趋势性变化,经核实,将其作为学科的A类趋势性异常进行跟踪。在该趋势性异常的背景下,伸缩仪于2018年10月20日起,水管倾斜仪11月24日起,NS分量出现不明原因的转向异常现象。针对该异常变化,于2019年1月1日开展异常核实,认为:①水管倾斜仪工作稳定,观测数据真实可靠;②2018年10月以来水管倾斜仪、伸缩仪观测数据的快速变化与气象要素基本无关,可能与驼峰山台正南方1.1 km处阿勒泰地区检察院对面酒店地下停车场土石方挖倔有较大关系。     

基于S变换的离石台形变观测数据时频特征分析

选取离石台洞体形变观测中受大风、气压干扰以及地震波影响的典型观测数据,采用S变换,分析并讨论这些干扰信号的时频响应特征.结果表明,风扰对水平摆倾斜仪影响较明显,水平摆倾斜仪和水管倾斜仪均表现为高频干扰,洞体应变仪集中在低频扰动区域;气压干扰主要分布在低频区域,且对伸缩仪的影响较大;地震波影响中主要记录的是高频地震波.同...     

姑咱台形变仪器在地震前记录到特异形态

姑咱台的形变观测（水管倾斜仪、伸缩仪和水平摆倾斜仪）已有近17年的历史,从历年原始记录曲线图中发现,在多次中强以上地震前几小时至一月左右有“突跳”、“转折”、“散点”等特异形态。     

由泰安地震台形变资料看固体潮数字化观测运行

泰安地震台为全国形变一类观测台。现有除重力仪、井下竖直摆外的几乎所有形变固体潮数字化观测仪器。通过对山东泰安台固体潮形变观测的数字化与模拟资料的一致性、精度和格值的对比研究,以及对数字化资料连续性、稳定性的综合统计分析,对各套仪器的运行状况进行了评价和论证。认为数字化与模拟观测资料的固体潮形态、观测精度、方差及均值无显著性差异。在数字化倾斜仪中,水管倾斜仪的稳定性及精度较高,石英摆存在一定程度的漂移,垂直摆倾斜仪的漂移较大、资料内精度较低。伸缩仪资料也存在精度较低的情况;压容及体应变仪资料内精度较高,但压容仪漂移较大,仪器稳定性不及体应变仪。     

数字形变固体潮汐在中强地震前异常变化的研究

针对近年来发生在东北地区的部分地震和全球远震,提取铁岭地震台数字DSQ水管倾斜仪、SS-Y洞体应变仪、VS型垂直摆倾斜仪相对应地震的数字形变观测记录,采用直观日变曲线形态的方法、预报软件数学分析方法进行分析.     

乌鲁木齐红山形变台数字和模拟记录的对比分析

引言 乌鲁木齐红山形变台建于1980年,有重力、地倾斜、地应变3个项目4套观测仪器。初建时,水管倾斜仪和伸缩仪为人工观测仪器,1989年后,地倾斜和地应变相继迁到雅玛里克山形变观测山洞,更换为第2代模拟仪器。2000年,根据中国地震局“95-01-02”前兆数字化改造的规划,使用新一代的DSQ水管倾斜仪和SSY-2铟钢棒伸缩仪取代了原来的     

利用怀来地震台水管仪观测资料检测地球自由振荡

利用怀来地震台水管仪的数字化观测资料,采用功率谱密度估计方法,在没有对资料去固体潮处理的情况下,准确获得2004年12月26日苏门答腊9.0级地震激发的_0S_2—_0S_(38)基频球型自由振荡,并与PREM模型的理论自由振荡周期进行对比,发现实测振荡周期与PREM预测的振荡周期吻合,除_0S_2、_0S_4、_0S_7振型的观测周期和PREM模型理论周期的相对误差大于0.3%外,其他振型的观测周期和PREM模型理论周期的相对误差大都集中在0.1%左右,同时检测到7个谐频球型振荡和10个环型振荡。可以从水管倾斜仪的观测资料中提取地球球型振荡信息,为地球自由振荡的研究提供一种新的仪器观测方法。     

易县地震台形变资料的一致性及差异性分析

文章选取易县地震台DSQ型水管倾斜仪、VS型垂直摆倾斜仪、SS-Y型伸缩仪、TJ-2型体积应变仪多年的观测资料,采用形态对比法及Venedikov调和分析法讨论潮汐因子、相位滞后等参数,对统计结果进行一致性和差异性分析。结果表明,同一观测环境下,不同仪器相同物理量观测不一致,同物理量观测的潮汐因子幅度、精度不一致。     

五指山形变台定点形变观测资料内在精度分析

本文对2016年1月—2021年12月连续6年五指山形变台定点形变观测资料内在精度进行统计分析,台站水管倾斜仪和铟瓦棒伸缩仪内在精度质量较好;宽频带倾斜仪两个分量内在精度年均达到优秀指标的概率仅50%,且自2020年1月出现观测数据内在精度质量持续下降,导致观测资料质量不高。提高数据内在高质量的重要条件是确保观测数据的连续率,因此,提升台站人员业务水平和保证必要的备机备件是当务之急。     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

---

---

Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

---

Address: Veveři 95, Brno.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

The effect of the pollution of the ground layer of the atmosphere on the albedo

Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.