日本离岛管理制度及其对我国的启示

边远海岛对于维护国家海洋权益和促进海岛地区社会经济发展具有重要意义。我国边远海岛发展与管理面临着缺少发展规划、基础设施薄弱、产业发展滞后、人口流失严重等问题,急需加强发展和管理。日本离岛也面临着人口数量减少、老龄化现象突出以及农林水产业、旅游业等传统产业下滑的趋势,本文介绍了日本离岛振兴管理的主要制度和措施,提出了我国边远海岛管理的借鉴和启示:开展边远海岛详细调查和分析、制定边远海岛扶持计划并进行适时调整、建立边远海岛扶持机制、制定鼓励边远海岛定居的有关政策、重视扶持渔业和旅游业等特色产业发展、重视无居民的边远海岛振兴。日本离岛的管理可为我国提供实践借鉴。     

《地理学与国民经济建设》专著面世

日前,由广州地理所陈朝辉研究员所著的《地理学与国民经济建设》一书由中国评论学术出版社出版发行,本书将作者多年撰写发表的部分论文及报刊文章、访谈汇集成册,涉及综合类、国土整治与规划、山区开发和保护、海洋海岛开发保护、城市化问题、土地利用与耕地保护、农村和农业、环境保护和建设等八个方面的研究成果及学术观点,全书约60万字。     

关于“界点”型海岛的地缘定位研究 ——以海南岛和济州岛的比较研究为中心

从现代地缘政治学的角度来讲,海洋主权直接维系着国家的兴衰更替,作为海疆基本划界标准之一,海岛是海洋上极为重要的领土标志和主权归属象征,因而地处海疆边界的海岛自然容易成为海权争端的导火索,多方交界的海岛或附近海域更是如此。目前我国周边海域争端不断,海洋权益面临严峻考验,如何审视这种边界海岛的战略定位也将成为我国维护海权的一大课题。为此,以下将尝试借用相应的陆疆概念---“界点”,以海南岛和韩国济州岛为例,分析处于多方势力海疆交界处的海岛地缘形势,以期探索一种新的海疆主权范式,进而对我国维护海洋权益、保护海洋疆土起到一定的启发作用。     

“界点”型海岛的地缘定位研究:以海南岛和济州岛的比较为例

从现代地缘政治学的角度来讲,海洋主权直接维系着国家的兴衰更替,作为海疆的基本划界标准之一,海岛是海洋上极为重要的领土标志和主权归属象征,因而地处海疆边界的海岛自然容易成为海权争端的导火索,多方交界的海岛或附近海域更是如此。目前我国周边海域争端不断,海洋权益面临严峻考验,如何审视这种边界海岛的战略定位也成为我国维护海权的一大课题。为此,本文将尝试借用相应的陆疆概念——"界点",以海南岛和韩国济州岛为例,分析处于多方势力海疆交界处的海岛地缘形势,以期探索一种新的海疆主权范式,进而对我国维护海洋权益、保护海洋疆土起到一定的启发作用。     

我国今年将完成1200个海岛名称标志设置

据国家海洋局网站消息,2011年我国将完成1200个海岛的名称标志设置工作,至“十二五”末,将逐步完成所有重要海岛的名称标志设置工作。国家海洋局近日印发了《关于规范2011年海岛名称标志设置工作的意见》《以下简称（意见》）,对海岛名称标志设置的主要任务、有关要求以及具体安排等方面的惰况作了详细规定。     

全国海岛海岸带开发管理学术讨论会在南宁举行

全国海岛海岸带开发管理学术讨论会在南宁举行由中国海洋学会海岸带开发管理分会、广西海洋开发保护管理委员会和广西海洋学会联合组织的全国海岛海岸带开发管理学术讨论会于１９９５年４月２５日至２９日在广西壮族自治区首府南宁市召开，参加会议的有国家和有关省、市、...     

中国海岛县域经济产业演进及其竞争力评价(英文)

海岛是一个特殊的地域单元,拥有其特有的发展模式和路径,近年来随着海洋国土地位的提升,国内外学者对于海岛的研究也随之增多。本文以我国海岛县域经济体为研究对象,从分析我国海岛县域经济体产业结构入手,采用产业变动系数法和偏离份额分析方法对海岛县域经济的演进以及竞争力进行了研究,研究发现:海岛县产业结构演进是左旋和右旋的结合演进模式,海岛县产业结构相对单一,产业结构演进的跳跃性特征明显。根据海岛经济发展水平分析,将12个海岛县的经济发展分为竞争增强结构优化型、竞争增强结构衰退型、竞争减弱结构优化型、竞争减弱结构衰退型、结构相对稳定型5种类型。     

中国海洋学会2009年学术年会在珠海召开

海岛是海陆兼备的重要海上国土,是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,是特殊的海洋资源和环境的复合体,是我国海洋经济和社会发展的重要载体。主题为"海岛开发与管理"的中国海洋学会2009年学术年会于2009年12月8日至9日在广东省珠海国际会议中心召     

经济形态演变对海洋海岛生态环境的影响——以美国海峡群岛为例

海洋海岛生态环境脆弱,一旦遭受破坏难以修复。人类社会历经原始经济时代、农业经济时代、工业经济时代和知识经济时代,经济形态的演变影响着人类生存的生态环境。以美国海峡群岛为例,以时间和事件两个维度对海岛生态环境破坏、生态修复和环境保护进行梳理,侧重于知识经济时代在国家公园管理局管理下的生态修复和环境保护。其中信息知识、生态文明、高新技术是海峡群岛实现生态回归的重要因素。海峡群岛的发展历程和后期的生态修复与管理为其他国家海洋海岛经济发展提供借鉴。     

社会、经济地理

K902006043342地理学与国民经济建设=Geographyandconstructingofcountryeconomy/陈朝辉著.—493页该书将作者多年撰写发表的部分论文及报刊文章、访谈汇集成册,涉及综合类、国土整治与规划、山区开发和保护、海洋海岛开发保护、城市化总是土地利用与耕地保护、农村和农业、环境保护和建设等八个方面的研究成果及学术观点,反映了地理科研在服务于国民经济建设中所发挥的积极作用.(谭婉玲)GF1272006043343区域经济增长极理论的实证分析:以安徽省芜湖市为例=Thepositiveanalysisofthegrowthpoleonregionaleconomy:anexampleofWuhuinAnhuiP…     

Reconstructing the development of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range during the latter half of the Holocene

We examine the sequence of changes in the structure of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range (Baikal region) for the last 6000 years, based on a continuous recording of fluctuations of the vegetation reconstructed from spore-pollen complexes of a high peat bog. We determined the chronological timeframe of paleogeographical events. The study showed that there occurred a radical structure transformation of the geosystems in the mid-late Holocene, along with a recurrence of similar landscape transformations caused by the instability of natural conditions.     

On the origin of the seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere

Summary. It is known that flow in the mantle can produce preferred orientation in olivine crystals with seismic anisotropy as a consequence. Flow in the subcrustal lithosphere is unlikely because of the high viscosity. Lenses of high temperature and low-viscosity ( anomalous mantle ) are located under the crust in many tectonically active regions, and viscous flow can easily arise in such material resulting in seismic anisotropy. After cooling, such anomalous mantle acquires high viscosity and becomes incorporated into the lithospheric layer preserving the anisotropy produced by the flows which existed previously. The interaction of the stresses with cracks in the upper crust can be one of the causes of anisotropy in this layer.     

对沙漠化农田能转化效率及潜力的分析

我国北方东起黑龙江省嫩江地区, 吉林白城地区及辽宁西部, 包括内蒙兴安盟东南、哲里木、昭乌达、锡林郭勒、乌兰察布、伊克昭等盟的大部地区, 直至河北坝上、陕西榆林北部约26.7万平方公里的幅员范围内, 由于自然条件的特殊性(地表组成物质质地松散、沙粒成分比重很大及气候干旱、多大风, 且年内季风与周期性干旱相吻合), 加上人类不合理开发活动的影响, 成为我国目前沙漠化发展最活跃的地区, 其沙漠化土地近16.5万平方公里, 占全区总面积的61.5%。该地区有较长的经济开发史, 农、牧业相互影响, 交错分布的情况, 在历史上业已形成。据粗略统计, 该区范围内, 有旱作耕地近5, 000万亩, 多以传统的粗放的撂荒种植制进行经营, 长年遭受不同程度的风沙危害, 属于生产水平较为低下的农田类型。这些农田急待整治, 以便提高生产力。由于本区年均降水量在350-450毫米之间, 客观上具有发展旱作农业的可能性。如能合理经营、科学利用其自然资源, 将可能发展成为农、牧业结合的发达地区。从而对我国北方地区农业发展起促进作用。为了深化对沙漠化农田的认识, 揭示其生态失调的实质, 本文将就生态系统观点对其进行分析以寻求有效的整治沙漠化农田的途径。     

Direct determination of the characteristics of the currents responsible for the geomagnetic anomaly of the Rhinegraben

Summary. Previous geomagnetic measurements in the Rhinegraben have led us to assume that the responsible currents have the properties of direct currents and that they all flow in the sediments filling the graben. In order to verify these conclusions, we have performed measurements in a mine at a depth of 650 m. By comparing the field simultaneously recorded at the surface, in the mine and at the reference station, it is possible to deduce that the anomalous currents have the above mentioned properties.     

城市化的开发区模式研究

我国许多城市通过开发区建设,在短时间内完成了产业和人口的集聚,实现了城市地域空间和人口规模的跳跃性增长和产业结构的转型。由于在这种城市空间增长过程中,开发区建设起了决定作用,因此,这种以开发区带动整个地区城市化的方式可称为"开发区模式"。开发区驱动城市化的机制表现在开发区自身区域的城市化和开发区带动周围农村地区城市化两个层面,并具有快速跳跃性、外驱性和不稳定性、人为性、经济增长模式的单一性和基础设施建设的高标准性等特征。针对开发区建设中出现的问题,提出了促进其健康发展的建议。     

Chemical composition of waters and the phytoplankton of the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river

Field observations showed that the characteristics of chemical composition of waters and the development of plankton algae in the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river are determined by their flowage. The most open Lake Nekipelovskoe communicates with the Selenga outlets throughout a year, and Lake Zavernyaikha only at the period of an open channel. Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton are located in the islands and are isolated from the outlets. According to composition of main ions, the lakes under investigation refer to the hydrocarbonate class, the calcium group. The sum of ions in the water of Lake Nekipelovskoe approaches the one in the Selenga (86?221 mg/dm³), and the highest sums of ions were recorded in the wintertime in the lakes isolated from the outlets (446?743 mg/dm³). The lakes of the delta are characterized by a high trophicity. The maximum concentrations of total phosphorus in Lake Nekipelovskoe and Lake Zavernyaikha were 68 and 122 μg mg/dm³, and in Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton ?0.8 and ?0.63 μg mg/dm³, respectively. The most intense development of algae is observed in Lake Zavernyaikha, which is due to the high population of Baikal endemics. Lake Zavernyaikha showed a close negative correlation between the concentration of NO ₃ ^? , mineral phosphorus and phytoplankton biomass; the correlation coefficient was ?0.8 and ?0.63, respectively. The lakes exhibited increased contents readily hydrolysable organic matter, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in winter; hydrogen sulfide was repeatedly recorded in Lake Khlystov Zaton. The water quality in the lakes during the springtime varies from “quite clean” to “weakly polluted”; at low-water periods, especially in winters, it can drop to the category of “exceedingly dirty”. The water quality of the Selenga can be influenced by the lakes during spring floods when material accumulated during the wintertime is transported to the river outlets and further to Lake Baikal.     

Transformation of the vegetation cover in the zone of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk

The influence of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk on the vegetation cover of adjacent territories was revealed. The categories of resistance of some plant species and communities to technogenic loads have been ascertained. The protective role of overmoistening of habitats was observed for plants.