Integrated geophysical and geological studies for mineral prospecting in Betul-Chhindwara belt (BCB), Central India

Integrated study combining high resolution electrical resistivity tomography and time domain induced polarization was carried out in Betul-Chhindwara belt Madhya Pradesh, Central India in order to evaluate and delineate the polymetallic sulphide mineralization, its nature, type of deposit and depth. On interpretation of the models results clear cut anomalies revealed showing chargeability ～2 to 54 mV/V up to a maximum depth of 131m. This range of chargeability signify signature of metallic conductor. Nevertheless the basement rock is clearly mapped, showing substantial resistivity contrast. In addition detailed analysis of the integrated results from geology, geochemistry and Scanning Electron Microscope–Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy resulted from in situ rock samples shows good correlation with resistivity and IP results. This integrated study confirms the presence of conducting sulphide mineral ore body and the results and findings need test drilling at the geophysical anomalous site(s) to confirm the depth persistence and evaluate the metallic conductor.     

3D behaviour of contamination in landfill sites using 2D resistivity/IP imaging: case studies in Portugal

Aiming at defining a valid spatial contamination model, resistivity and induced polarization (IP) measurements were used to investigate contamination plumes in the vicinity of two municipal landfills (Ovar and ílhavo). Previous geophysical surveys and underground water samples confirmed the contamination. However 2D resistivity/IP surveys enabled in obtaining a more accurate spatial model. The Ovar survey consisted of two profiles with nine Wenner soundings each; the ílhavo survey was carried out along two individual lines using a Wenner standard pseudo-section. In both situations, negative IP values were found associated with positive IP values, which can be explained mainly by 2D or 3D geometric effects caused by the presence of the conductive plumes. The data were modelled using a 2D inversion program (RES2DINV) and the resulting resistivity and chargeability distributions were displayed as pseudo-sections. The resistivity and chargeability pseudo-sections define the contamination plumes and the sedimentary structure. These case studies illustrate the advantages of 2D resistivity/IP surveys for the mapping of shape and dimension of contamination associated with landfills.     

激发极化法在内蒙古阿荣旗矿产远景调查中的应用

激发极化法是寻找硫化物金属矿床的一种有效方法,被广泛应用于矿产勘查中.在内蒙古阿荣旗矿产远景调查中,运用时间域激发极化法,通过激电中梯扫面测量后,绘制视电阻率与视极化率等值线平面图,迅速地圈定激电异常.依据地质与化探调查结果,选择其中3个激电异常区做激电测深.通过对激电测深数据反演,得到极化率与电阻率断面图,确定了潜在矿（化）体的形态.     

Interpretation of lithogeochemical and geophysical data to identify the buried mineralized area in Cu-Au porphyry of Dalli-Northern Hill

Geochemical and statistical analyses of 165 soil samples led to Cu-Au anomaly separation in Dalli-Northern Hill by using fractal geometry and U-spatial statistic. There was a good correlation between the anomaly areas and outcrops of quartz diorite porphyry (QDP) in the study area. Based on the interpretation of soil data and anomaly areas determination, one trench was suggested in NE-SW direction for follow-up exploration. Based on the rock sample analyses from the trenches in QDP rocks, the ratio of $ \frac{{{\mathrm{Ba}} \times {\mathrm{K}}}}{{{\mathrm{Ca}} \times {\mathrm{Zn}}}} $ clearly separated the mineralization area and considered as an index ratio for follow-up exploration stage. Dalli-Northern Hill anomaly includes pyrite/chalcopyrite/bornite, which is dominantly abundant in the ore body. Three IP profiles (IP04, IP05, and IP06) confirmed the conductivity of the sulfide zone. The background chargeability in the study area was about 5.4 mV/V and the average of maximum apparent chargeability in the study area was 44.4 mV/V, which could be related to the higher intensity of Cu-Fe sulfide minerals. The contact of andesite and quartz diorite has shown the strongest chargeability (71 mV/V) and high magnetic anomalies in the study area. DDH03 and DDH04 boreholes mostly confirmed that the IP/magnetic/geochemical anomalies were related to the contact of intrusive rocks and the wall rock of andesite. The combination of geochemical information from soil and rock together with geophysical data (induced polarization/resistivity) led to the subsurface geological cross sections and location of the mineralized zone enriched of sulfide. The mineralized zone in Dalli-Northern Hill distinct could be identified by potassic to weak sericitic and trace chloritic alteration, high values of the $ \frac{{{\mathrm{Ba}} \times {\mathrm{K}}}}{{{\mathrm{Ca}} \times {\mathrm{Zn}}}} $ ratio accompanied with high gold and copper values and enrichment from magnetite minerals. The high magnetic susceptibility, low resistivity, and high chargeability are considered as geophysical properties of the mineralized zones.     

利用共轭梯度方法的激发极化三维快速反演

利用共轭梯度方法实现了激发极化(IP)三维快速反演。首先,利用共轭梯度方法反演电位数据,得到地下的三维电阻率模型,(由于避免了直接求偏导数矩阵,因此反演计算速度很快。)然后,以此电阻率模型为地下电导率分布,再反演IP数据得到三维极化率分布理论模型。试算结果表明其效果较好。      

Induced polarization,resistivity, and self-potential: a case history of contamination evaluation due to landfill leakage

This article compares the efficiency of induced polarization (IP) and resistivity in characterizing a contamination plume due to landfill leakage in a typical tropical environment. The resistivity survey revealed denser electrical current flow that induced lower resistivity values due to the high ionic content. The increased ionic concentration diminished the distance of the ionic charges close to the membrane, causing a decrease in the IP phenomena. In addition, the self-potential (SP) method was used to characterize the preferential flow direction of the area. The SP method proved to be effective at determining the flow direction; it is also fast and economical. In this study, the resistivity results were better correlated with the presence of contamination (lower resistivity) than the IP (lower chargeability) data.     

高密度激发极化法测量在峪耳崖金矿区的应用

运用美国生产的高密度电法仪器对峪耳崖金矿区16~28线进行了测量。该仪器可同时测得视电阻率和视充电率2种数据,并可自动成图和地形改正。通过高密度电法工作圈定了地表较浅部的矿化异常区,除主要矿化异常赋存于岩体接触带外,在灰岩中也发现高极化异常区,表明在灰岩地层内也存在金属硫化物矿化现象,这为下一步找矿工作提供了新的思路和方向。通过钻探结果确定该矿区异常区有2种类型,即高阻高充电异常和低阻高充电异常,主要分布在岩性的接触带附近,尤其是内接触带。     

内蒙古道嘎金矿区地质特征及找矿地球物理标志

道嘎金矿化区位于内蒙古自治区额济纳旗境内,地处北山成矿带东段。区内主要矿体均赋存于碎石山组浅变质碎屑岩以及华力西期闪长岩体中,矿体的产出主要受北东向和近东西向断裂构造控制。区内金矿化类型以含金石英脉型为主,主要发育角砾状含硫化物石英脉和含电气石石英脉两种类型矿石,矿床成因属中温热液脉型金矿床。选择成矿地质条件最为有利的Ⅰ号和Ⅳ号两条矿脉所在区域展开激电中梯测量工作,结果表明,已知矿脉出露附近激电异常较明显,其异常范围的视极化率在5%~9%之间,视电阻率在50~300Ω·m之间。因此,该区找矿有效的地球物理标志为低电阻高极化率异常。     

内蒙古陈台屯斑岩型铜矿地质、地球物理特征 及找矿方向

内蒙古陈台屯铜矿区是一个以斑岩型铜矿为主要目标的勘查区,位于大兴安岭中段,成矿时代为中侏罗世。目前在矿区发现了斑岩型铜矿化和脉状铜矿化两种矿化类型。斑岩型铜矿化主要形成于陈台斑岩体顶部与二叠系大石寨组安山质火山岩的内、外接触带上,围岩蚀变作用强烈,并具有明显的分带特征,自下而上、由内到外可分为钾化带、黄铁-绢英岩化带、泥化带和青磐岩化带,斑岩型铜矿化主要集中于黄铁-绢英岩化带中。脉状铜矿主要充填于万宝组沉积地层和大石寨组火山岩的裂隙中,围岩蚀变仅发育黄铁-绢英岩化和弱青磐岩化。通过对矿区开展激电中梯测量和CSAMT电阻率测深并施工钻探验证,发现高极化率异常与斑岩型铜矿体和脉状铜矿体均具有良好的空间对应关系,可以作为下一步铜矿勘查的重要目标;低电阻率异常既可以由斑岩型铜矿化作用所引起,又可以由孔隙度较高的万宝组砂岩所引起,因此首先需要区分异常形成的原因,进而用低电阻率异常指导找矿,但高电阻率异常通常代表了致密的、不含矿的地质体。     

新疆阿尔泰萨吾斯铅锌矿综合信息找矿模式

萨吾斯铅锌矿床位于西伯利亚板块南缘阿尔泰晚古生代活动陆缘的泥盆纪—石炭纪弧后盆地中。矿床赋存于下泥盆统康布铁堡组酸性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩夹陆源碎屑岩及碳酸盐岩中,是与海相火山作用有关的铅锌矿床。矿区位于1∶5万水系沉积物测量圈定的Pb-Ag-As-Zn-Bi-Cu-Mo-Au-Sb-Co-Ni综合异常内,其中Ag、As、Pb、Zn异常套合较好,与矿体基本对应,特别是Zn异常中心与矿体位置完全对应。矿区激电异常具有低阻、高幅频率、多峰值的特征,与地表矿化蚀变带对应。磁异常与激电异常相对应,异常宽度小于激电异常。TEM测深工作在矿区圈定了3个TEM低阻异常,均处于Ⅱ号矿化蚀变带内。在综合分析矿床成矿地质条件、地球化学异常、地球物理异常特征的基础上,建立了该矿床地质-地球物理-地球化学找矿模式,对类似矿床的发现和评价能够起到借鉴作用。     

火炉岭脚-棚坞多金属矿区地球物理特征

火炉岭脚-棚坞多金属矿区开展的电法综合勘探工作和矿区内视极化率、视电阻率异常特征综合分析表明,该异常体为高极化高阻体,并推断出其产状变化和分布范围;同时结合矿区的区域地质情况以及已实施的槽探和钻孔资料,判定出该矿化赋存于岩体接触带内,且呈浸染状矿化。由于推断区内矿化体的产状和岩体接触面产状不一致,且矿化体的产状自东向西变化较大,因此认为该区多金属成矿不仅受到区内接触带蚀变的影响,更主要受到断裂构造的控制。     

考虑激发极化效应的瞬变电磁一维Occam反演

大地的感应激发极化效应有时会在瞬变电磁晚期响应上产生负值变号现象。常规实电阻率瞬变电磁反演由于没有考虑激发极化效应,对于观测数据负值部分的解释一直存在问题,这影响了反演解释的真实性和可信度。对此,本文首先将Cole-Cole复电阻率模型加入正演计算,并验证了计算的准确性。然后在阻尼最小二乘法的基础上加入Occam平滑约束来构建反演方程,能够同时反演出零频电阻率、充电率、时间常数以及频率相关系数,实现了一维瞬变电磁复电阻率反演算法。最后,建立具有不同程度激发极化效应的典型层状理论模型进行反演试算与结果分析,结果表明,在激发极化效果明显的低阻高极化地层中,复电阻率反演效果更好。与实电阻率反演结果的对比说明,瞬变电磁复电阻率反演既可以达到实电阻率的常规反演效果,也能解决实电阻率无法实现的负值拟合问题。     

金属因素在敦化团北地区激电异常评价中的应用

为准确评价敦化团北地区激电异常,研究其产生机制,采用提取激电二次信息的视金属因素(Js)方法,突出与电子导体相关的低阻极化体异常,压制与电子导体不相关的激电异常。结果表明:测区西北角视金属因素异常与强激电异常相吻合,与电子导体(金属矿化或矿化)相关,而大范围低缓激电异常区没有视金属因素异常显示,说明与电子导体不相关。在敦化团北地区利用视金属因素压制干扰因素所引起的异常,突出与电子导电体相关的低阻极化体异常效果明显,结合地质揭露工程得出低缓激电异常是由受轻微矿染的花岗斑岩所引起的结论。     

物探技术在布敦乌拉隐伏矿产勘查中的应用效果

内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗布敦乌拉矿区多为第四系覆盖。在该矿区多金属勘查中,依据土壤地球化学圈定的矿化异常布置激电中梯测量,圈定1处激发极化率异常区,长度约890m,宽度约520m,位于已知断层F 1与推断断层F 2之间。采用可控源音频大地电磁测深剖面对该激电异常进行探测,解释视充电率多峰异常与反演电阻率高低跳跃对应区域为矿致异常区。通过钻探验证,发现银多金属矿床资源储量523.93万t,取得了良好的地质找矿效果。     

激发极化法在辽宁本溪某矽卡岩型铜多金属矿勘查中的应用

测区燕山期大面积中酸性岩浆侵入寒武系、奥陶系碳酸盐岩,在岩体外接触带上形成大量的矽卡岩,并伴有较强烈的铜多金属矿化。本次物探工作在1∶5万区调工作基础上,采用激电中梯与激电测深两种方法进行金属矿产勘查,圈定激电异常12个,反演了穿过JD3、JD7、JD8高极化异常体的形态,规模及埋深,并解译隐伏断裂2条。结合区内地质特征与钻孔资料,认为异常区的低阻高极化体是岩体外接触带上矽卡岩化蚀变带的反映,断裂为矿液运移、容矿提供了有利条件。该研究成果表明,激发极化法是寻找矽卡岩型铜多金属矿的有效方法。     

大兴安岭北段南木地区斑岩型铜矿地质特征与成矿预测

南木火山盆地位于大兴安岭中北段的林西-扎兰屯多金属成矿带中,是华北板块北部大陆边缘与西伯利亚板块东南陆缘增生带的交汇部位. 侵入岩以岩株、岩脉出露为特征,岩性以花岗斑岩、石英斑岩为主. 蚀变类型主要有绢云母化、褐铁矿化、硅化和绿泥石化,构成多条蚀变带. 在1:5万矿产调查评价工作基础上,采用激电中梯与激电测深两种方法进行金属矿产勘查. 研究发现低阻、高极化异常带与地表岩脉矿化部位及土壤地球化学异常吻合良好. 研究区圈定激电异常4处,测深穿过JD2高极化、中低阻层,推测地下存在含铜石英斑岩体. 综合地质、化探及物探特征,南木地区斑岩体、孔雀石化和激电异常均有存在,具有一定的深部找矿前景.     

河南省桐柏县刘山岩铜锌矿带鸭子口矿区地质、地球物理、地球化学特征

鸭子口铜锌矿属刘山岩矿区的西延部分,是分布于刘山岩挤压带内的同类型铜锌矿点。矿体赋存于纹层状硅质-钠长石岩层中,自矿体中心向边缘存在黄铁矿-黄铜矿-方铅矿-重晶石-石英的相对分带。激电异常表现出高极化率低电阻率的电性特征,与矿区铜矿（体）石具有相同的电性特征。各主要元素异常中,Cu,Zn套合较好,呈带状分布,反映了区内构造、蚀变及矿化特征。本文着重对成矿地质背景,地球物理特征和地球化学特征进行总结,以期为该类型矿床的普查评价提供借鉴。     

内蒙古老国营子金铜矿床地质-地球物理勘查与研究

内蒙古老国营子金铜矿床是近年来利用地质与地球物理相互结合手段新发现的一个矿床。本次研究利用基于电磁原理的地球物理手段进行了找矿测试,结果表明:甚低频(VLF)地球物理扫面发现了近EW向和NW向的高阻带,分别对应了两条相应的矿化蚀变带。音频大地电磁法(EH4)测深影像显示矿化蚀变带表现为高阻异常带,与VLF的测量结果相一致。激电(IP)中梯测量显示矿化蚀变带具有高阻、高充电率和高金属因子异常特征。结合具体的地质特征,在老国营子金铜矿区综合运用这三种地球物理方法,取得了较好的找矿效果。     

Fuzzy logic mineral potential mapping for copper exploration using multi-disciplinary geo-datasets,a case study in seridune deposit,Iran

This paper describes the application of the knowledge-based fuzzy logic method to integrate various exploratory geo-dataset in order to prepare a mineral prospectivity map (MPM) for copper exploration. Different geophysical layers which are derived from the magnetic and the electrical surveys, along with the ones extracted from the background geology (i.e., lithology, fault and alteration) and geochemical data are incorporated in such process. Seridune copper deposit located in the Kerman province of Iran is the case study to delineate its high potential zones of Cu-bearing mineralization for drilling additional boreholes. Four layers from the magnetic data involving upward continuation, analytic signal, reduced to pole and pseudo gravity are assigned in the multi-disciplinary geo-dataset to locate the intrusive complexes responsible for Cu mineralization. The apparent resistivity, chargeability and sulfide factor layers acquired from geo-electrical data are also included in the final preparation of MPM. Then the normalized weights of seven geophysical, three geological and one geochemical evidential layers as main criteria are determined based upon the knowledge of expert decision makers. Fuzzy operators (i.e., Sum and Gamma) are applied to integrate these exploratory features. To evaluate the performance and applicability of the approach, the productivity of the drilled boreholes (Cu concentration multiplied by ore thickness) are used to validate the produced MPMs. It is shown that an optimum correlation coefficient of 0.86 exists between the MPM values and Cu productivity criterion along drilled boreholes.     

辽宁宽甸红石地区硼矿化物化探综合信息分析

研究区存在古元古界辽河群里尔峪组硼富集层.为确定赋存硼矿化地层层位构造蚀变带分布情况,利用地球化学与地球物理测量方法,在已知见硼矿钻孔构造蚀变带进行测量,总结分析硼矿化地球化学与地球物理特征.结合成矿地质条件,建立本区硼矿化地质物化探找矿模式,认为辽河群里尔峪组复背斜和复向斜与本区硼成矿有关.硼矿化分布区物化探特征为：地面磁力测量磁场值呈偏高磁场值分布;中梯激电测量为低视电阻率与偏高视幅频率;电测深反演电阻率反映为低阻线性构造带与偏高激电异常带,在矿化较强烈部位电阻率相对偏低;地球化学异常以硼为主,硼化探异常有明显的浓集中心,同时伴生铅、锌、银复合地球化学异常.