非物质文化遗产资源旅游开发价值评价体系与应用——以苏州市为例

旅游开发提高非物质文化遗产的自我生存能力,使其摆脱濒危的困境,是非物质文化遗产保护与利用的重要方式。本文对非物质文化遗产资源旅游开发研究进行梳理,在此基础上,构建了非物质文化遗产资源旅游开发价值评价指标体系,即由资源禀赋条件、可展示与体验性、遗产地旅游发展条件3个方面的要素组成,并以非物质文化遗产资源富集的苏州为例,对省级以上非物质文化遗产进行了评价,共评出三级旅游资源3项、二级旅游资源16项、一级旅游资源29项。主要结论为：产品衍生性、展示适宜性、是否具备可观赏性、遗产保护情况决定了非物质文化遗产资源是否能够成为旅游资源;可展示与体验性决定了非物质文化遗产旅游资源的旅游开发价值水平高低。手工艺类、民俗类非物质文化遗产具有较高的旅游开发价值,民间文学、传统体育游艺与杂技和传统医药的旅游可开发性较差。本文构建的非物质文化遗产旅游开发价值评价体系可为旅游地进行非物质文化遗产资源筛选和旅游开发提供科学依据。     

非物质文化遗产旅游开发适宜性研究——以秭归屈原故里端午节为例

非物质文化遗产是宝贵的旅游资源,适宜的旅游开发方式有利于统筹非物质文化遗产的保护与利用,而这需要通过旅游市场来检验.此次研究以世界非物质文化遗产端午节为例,通过实地调研、深度访谈等方法,对秭归屈原故里端午节进行RMP分析,并从食、住、行、游、购、娱等六要素设计一系列产品,进行问卷调查,定量评价非物质文化遗产所设计旅游产品的适宜性.基于RMP-M'P'及非物质文化遗产资源细分与旅游六要素对接的旅游产品适宜性评价模式,既可以指导端午节的旅游开发,又能为非物质文化遗产的旅游开发提供理论借鉴.     

非物质文化遗产的基因差异及旅游发展转型

非物质文化遗产作为文化传统和精神信仰的载体,是一个地区、民族乃至国家的无形财产,近年来受到越来越多的关注,其保护和传承也成为专家学者研究的重点。在阅读相关文献基础上,运用类比法和举证法,从生物遗传学视角出发,从历史沉淀和地理变迁角度对非物质文化遗产产生的基因差异进行了分析,并从具体的国家级非物质文化遗产案例解读非物质文化遗产的基因及性状表达差异。同时,在分析非物质文化遗产发展困惑的基础上,探讨通过旅游开发将无形遗产有形化、大众化,优化文化基因赖以生存的遗传基质的可行性,从而探讨实现非物质文化遗产保护和传承的双赢策略。     

非物质文化遗产旅游开发探析

非物质文化遗产是一种重要的旅游资源,但不是所有的非物质文化遗产都适合进行旅游开发。根据非物质文化遗产的特点及在旅游开发过程中所承载的功能,可以将其分为五大类别,即民间文学类、表演艺术类、工艺美术类、传统医药类、民俗类。目前旅游开发比较理想的非物质文化遗产资源是表演艺术类、工艺美术类和民俗类的非物质文化遗产。通过对非物质文化遗产旅游开发进行适应性分析,分别对表演艺术类、工艺美术类、民俗类非物质文化遗产提出了旅游开发构想。     

非物质文化遗产保护下唐卡的游客感知和态度研究

唐卡是第一批进入国家级非物质文化遗产名录的民间美术,并被联合国教科文组织列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。鉴赏唐卡、购买唐卡已经成为西藏旅游的重要内容之一。如何进一步发挥旅游在传承和保护唐卡中的作用,更好地借唐卡提升西藏旅游的文化艺术品位,把非物质文化遗产的保护与旅游开发有机地结合起来,是学术界和地方政府密切关注的问题。本研究通过调查游客对唐卡的感知,对保护唐卡的措施的态度发现:一方面,游客对唐卡作为非物质文化遗产的认知度不高、对唐卡画面的象征意义了解不够、对唐卡的历史文化和艺术价值的感知比较肤浅;另一方面,游客对"多元参与"的唐卡保护模式的认同度高,对提高唐卡的旅游吸引力的外在辅助措施的认同度高,对改变唐卡的传统形式的分歧大。基于上述分析得出:旅游为唐卡的"活化"提供动力;唐卡为西藏旅游增加文化艺术品味;"动态本真"是唐卡旅游应遵守的基本原则。     

基于文化地理学视角的传统村落旅游活化可持续路径模型建构

传统村落作为承载中国传统物质和非物质文化遗产的重要空间场所,近年来受到学界和产业界持续关注。在全球化、城镇化和现代化浪潮冲击下,传统村落面临消失、衰败与空心化的危机。随着现代城市居民快节奏、强压力和怀旧观驱使,寻找乡愁和记忆的故乡成为乡村发展的新动力和新机遇。如何保留并传承这份“礼失而求诸野”的宝贵空间成为重要理论议题,也是具有中国特色实践价值的命题。通过综述国内外研究,从理论视角探讨了传统村落的保护与利用,提出“旅游活化”这一理论概念以振兴并传承传统村落的自然、社会和文化资源价值,从而实现可持续保护与利用。借鉴吸收了文化地理学三层文化体理论,提出了传统村落旅游活化的可持续路径模型,模型以旅游为出发点,遵循物质层、社会层和精神层的基本演化路径,明确了各层的实施策略和旅游活化所对应的资源价值要素,提出各层在旅游活化过程中应注意的重点问题,为传统村落保护与利用提供了理论支持。     

三峡区域非物质文化遗产特点与旅游开发研究

非物质文化遗产是一种重要的旅游资源,有着很大开发前途。三峡区域非物质文化遗产丰富多彩,特色鲜明。对三峡区域非物质文化遗产资源的特点进行了分析概括,即多元性与丰富性,原生性与原创性,群众性和参与性,文化艺术价值高,濒危程度高。针对性地提出了旅游开发对策,即科学指导,持续发展;全面普查,筛选资源;统筹规划,合理利用;突出特色,打造精品;整合资源,创新开发。     

国内非物质文化遗产旅游研究进展述评

非物质文化遗产旅游(简称"非遗旅游")研究对调和文化保护与利用的冲突、促进非物质文化遗产的活态传承和非遗旅游可持续发展具有重要意义.该文借助文献信息分析法,从时间脉络、重点领域和主要内容三方面对国内非遗旅游研究进行归纳和述评.结果显示:国内现有非遗旅游研究主要集中在"非遗旅游保护与开发辩证关系""非遗旅游发展中的遗产传承""非遗旅游开发机制""非遗旅游利益关系"和"非遗旅游保障体系"五大模块.非遗旅游研究主要聚焦非遗保护、开发与传承,存在研究时间脉络连续、偏重实用主义、与产业实践结合紧密的特点,同时也突显出理论研究不足、跨学科合作不充分、研究方法规范性相对欠缺的局限.基于此,寻求前瞻性理论突破、推进非遗传承保护与旅游产业高质量融合发展应成为未来非遗旅游研究的重点方向.     

基于民族文化的旅游地产开发模式研究——以楚雄彝人古镇为例

基于民族文化的旅游地产是指以区域的文脉为开发契机,以民族文化旅游资源为卖点、以房地产开发为营销手段,具有一定民族文化主题的房地产项目,是具有旅游、休闲、度假、商业、居住等功能的,集投资与消费于一体的新型物业模式。该模式的主要特点是以民族文化搭台,旅游唱戏,带动地产经济,实现房产开发与旅游景观、民族文化开发三位一体。采用这种开发模式需要重点考虑民族文化主题、区位、政策、配套、市场、开发主体等因素。楚雄彝人古镇项目是基于民族文化的旅游地产的成功案例,其成功源于寻找到"地产"与"民族文化"和"旅游"的最佳结合点,成功地将民族文化融入了地产,地产融入了旅游,打造了特色民族文化旅游品牌。     

山西省非物质文化遗产资源旅游利用潜力评价

以山西省11个地级市市区和97个县级地区为评价单元,基于昂普理论,从区域非物质文化遗产资源富集程度、非物质文化遗产与空间载体综合景观、投资环境3个方面建立区域非物质文化遗产资源旅游利用潜力评价模型,以层次分析法和专家打分法确定权重,并以ArcGIS 10.0叠加分析将单项测评结果综合为总评价值.结果表明:非物质文化遗产旅游化利用必须与有形的物质景观结合;手工艺、民俗和表演类等非物质文化遗产旅游利用的重要性远高于其他类;在微观层面,山西省非物质文化遗产旅游潜力较高的地区仅有1个市区、5个县,等级列前5位的地区只占22.2%;在区域层面,中部和南部非物质文化遗产旅游潜力远高于北部地区,且上党、晋商、河东文化区和省边界附近的传统聚落集中区非物质文化遗产旅游潜力突出.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,