基于WebGIS的地震应急快速反应系统设计与实现

根据镇江地震地质情况及防震减灾工作实际,通过需求分析及系统整体设计,建立基于WebGIS的地震信息数据库管理系统。系统采用Oracle数据库、JavaScript语言、Tomcat网站服务器,开发了具有地方特色的地震应急处置快速反应系统,系统可实现震后快速评估、辅助决策、震后趋势分析、震后应急资料产出等功能。实际应用表明,该系统达到了低成本、高效率的预期目标。     

WebGIS在地震地磁数据共享系统中的初步应用

为了实现地震地磁数据的社会资源整合和共享的目的, 利用网络、 WebGIS及数据库技术, 开发了基于网络环境的地震地磁数据共享系统; 系统实现了信息服务、 数据服务和功能服务, 改善了地震地磁数据的应用领域和应用层次。 从系统原理及功能设计、 WebGIS系统、 地震地磁数据库系统、 Web发布及数据共享子系统等几个方面阐述开发建设过程中的主要技术环节。     

城镇地震应急快速评估系统研究

随着城镇化水平的快速提高,地震灾害高风险区域城镇数量不断增加,城镇人口密度增大,加剧了城镇地震灾害的风险。然而县市防震减灾工作部门大多对城镇地震应急的科技支撑能力薄弱,如缺乏专门的技术平台及时对地震灾情进行有效的评估等,影响了当地地震应急的成效。本文针对县市防震减灾工作部门在城镇地震应急快速评估工作中存在的问题,以国家可持续发展实验区丹棱县为例,设计并构建了城镇地震应急快速评估系统,为城镇地震应急快速评估提供了技术平台,可提升县市防震减灾工作部门的地震应急工作科技含量和管理服务能力。     

基于北斗卫星的地震应急现场通信系统应用研究设想

破坏性地震发生后,传统的地面通信网络会受到严重的破坏,甚至会处于瘫痪状态,无法保证前后方应急指挥部之间的数据传输、应急通信、指挥调度等应急需求。为了确保地震应急指挥的顺利开展,需要有一套安全、可靠的通信系统,而我国自主研制的北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）是全球性的卫星导航系统,具有精准定位导航、精密授时、短报文通信等功能,可以在灾害应急指挥中发挥重要作用。因此,从地震现场应急工作的需求出发,在分析各种通信技术的基础上,研究探索一种基于北斗卫星导航系统的地震应急现场通信系统,以满足快速获取灾情信息、精准定位灾区位置、实时传送灾情报告的地震现场应急需求,保障地震现场通信能够畅通无阻,确保应急指挥顺利开展。      

基于规则库的地震应急专题图快速制图系统研究

<正>由于地震应急救援时间的紧迫性,地震应急专题图的快速产出是震后应急救援的重点工作之一。目前,地震行业内普遍采用的专题图快速生成方法是模板匹配法,采用该方法自动生成的专题图存在制图不规范、专题要素不清晰和符号标注压盖等问题,并且由于不同专题的地图模板文件众多,当现场反馈实时数据或修改共性问题时,难以操作,影响制图效率。因此,必须将制图流程规范化和规则化,并建立基于规则库的地震应急专题图快速制图系统,以满足在震后短时间内的快速生成相对规范、表达科学、易于更新     

基于WebGIS的地震目录数据发布系统研究

介绍了ArcIMS的体系结构、特点及技术优势。构建了基于ArcIMS的地震目录等信息的发布系统,提出了系统设计的思想、功能、特点及实现的方法,并通过实例操作演示了基于WebGIS的地震目录数据发布系统。     

基于WebGIS的防震减灾系统研究及其实现方法

本分析了常规的防震减灾系统的局限性，介绍了基于webGIS的防震减灾系统的总体设计思想，并以大庆油田为例，给出了该系统的功能模块组成、各模块的设计方法及其使用效果。     

基于北斗卫星通信的地震应急指挥系统研究

北斗卫星导航系统是我国自主建设、独立运行、具有完全知识产权的卫星导航系统。其兼具定位及通信功能的独有技术优势特别适用于大震后通讯中断的地震应急环境。本研究将北斗卫星通信技术及地理信息技术结合应用于地震应急指挥系统的建设中：基于北斗卫星定位技术解决灾害现场人员的位置追踪;利用北斗短报文技术解决盲区紧急通信问题;采用串口通讯、多线程、SHH2框架、Web GIS等技术构建数据采集、解析及综合呈现平台。最终完成集位置监控、灾情上报、统计展示、指挥调度于一体的北斗应急指挥系统建设,进一步提升了重大地震灾害的应急救助信息保障能力。     

基于WebGIS的强震动台网数据发布系统研究

WebGIS技术在美、日等国家强震动台网发布系统中得到了广泛应用，本文提出了我国强震动台网系统利用WebGIS发布信息的设计思路。对系统环境设计和关键技术以及空间数据库架构进行了研究，指出分布式WebGIS的应用研究已成为强震动台网数据发布系统建设的发展趋势。     

海南省市县地震应急评估系统

着重分析海南省市县地震应急评估系统关键技术和部署要点,在2018年保亭2.9级地震发生后,该系统在应急成果产出、应急决策中发挥了重要服务作用,充分表明,海南省市县地震应急评估系统是全省地震应急联动服务工作的重要业务支撑平台。     

RESEARCH ON EARTHQUAKE EMERGENCY MAPPING METHOD BASED ON TEMPLATE MATCH

After an earthquake, earthquake emergency response and rescue are important ways to mitigate earthquake-induced losses. Various earthquake emergency maps can provide effective references and guidance to those actions. Currently, related studies include the investigation on symbols of emergency maps, remote sensing emergency mapping and GIS-based mapping methods. However, the existing studies overlook the characteristics of rapidity, dynamicity and variety of presentation methods in making earthquake emergency maps. In this paper, a map template matching method is used to quickly make earthquake emergency maps considering their characteristics. We take investigations on the service objects(users)of the earthquake emergency maps to understand the needs of making earthquake emergency maps. The audience theory in mass media field and map information transmission theory are adopted to classify the users of the earthquake emergency maps into four categories: earthquake emergency commanders, technical staffs for decision-making, earthquake emergency rescuers, and the public. The components of different types of users are described and then their diverse demands in earthquake emergency maps are analyzed, such as the needs of on-field disaster information maps, earthquake information maps, physical geography and social economic maps. Following those needs, we introduce the representation methods of the earthquake emergency maps according to their formats(vector or raster)and contents, such as point symbolization method, kilometer grid method, line symbolization method and range method. Then, we study the rapid plotting method of earthquake emergency map based on map template matching method. The core steps of the method include: 1)before earthquake, the templates of different earthquake emergency maps are designed, prepared and connect the earthquake emergency features with their related spatial database. The map layout and map elements are stored in the templates. 2)After earthquake, the earthquake emergency features will be generated from seismic models(such as attenuation model of earthquake magnitude and seismic intensity)or the information obtained from field investigation. 3)Corresponding earthquake emergency map template is selected in accordance with the generated seismic features. And the features are used to update related features inside the selected template. 4)Minor adjustments are made such as to the map scale and some map annotations to finally generate the formal earthquake emergency map. Architecture of template system of the earthquake emergency maps is designed, including map user level, map template level, template layer level and map element level. Regrading to the architecture, the general map template of earthquake emergency is presented which includes four main regions: title region, main picture region, auxiliary region and annotation region. The main picture region is the essential, which lays geographic background maps and earthquake emergency features. Finally, an earthquake emergency mapping system is developed. Based on the system, a case study is presented, which demonstrates making a simulated seismic intensity influence map. From three aspects, the case presents the application of the template-matching method including: generating earthquake emergency features, substituting the features inside the template with the generated features, and revising map annotations. Therefore, the map template matching method is verified so that it can be used to quickly generate various earthquake emergency maps.     

新疆地震应急基础数据管理信息系统的研究与应用

介绍新疆地震应急基础数据管理信息系统的研究意义与设计思路,以及系统的各模块的主要功能,并对系统的技术特点进行了总结,最后将该信息系统应用在新疆应急基础数据更新工作中。     

基于GIS的城市地震应急反应系统

介绍了为城市政府部门服务地基于GIS的地震应急决策支持系统，该系统能评估地震的危险性，评定地震的破坏和损失，为地震应急反应和震后恢复重建提供辅助决策，本文对该系统的原理、设计准则、结构和功能作了阐述，系统分四个部分；信息数据库系统；分析模块；决策支持子系统和系统用户界面。信息数据库系统由68个图层构成；有28个分析模块，能完成设定地震的等震线生成、场地影响分析、破坏与损失估计，为抢险、援救、人员疏散和其他的应急行动提供决策，最后，通过模拟一次历史地震检验了系统的运行情况。     

基于L系统的地震裂隙模拟研究

分形技术根据物体的局部自相似特征,突破了以往只能生成较规则图形的局限性,能够利用较少的描述性语句构造出复杂的非规则图形,如树木,河流和地震裂隙等。地震断层的破裂结构具有复杂性与随机性,然而在破裂过程中,总体形态蕴涵着分形的性质,该文研究基于L系统的三维结构建模方法,用以模拟地震断层的破裂。本文通过对地震数据的采集,从整体几何结构出发,并考虑地震断层破裂的规律和岩石的各向异性,提出基于几何可观察性的三维地震断层破裂的L系统构造模型,最后基于OpenGL图形库,实现裂隙的三维可视化仿真。     

DEVELOPMENT OF EARTHQUAKE EMERGENCY DISASTER INFORMATION PRE-EVALUATION DATA BASED ON KM GRID

After an earthquake, earthquake emergency response and rescue is one of the effective ways to reduce casualties from the earthquake. Earthquake emergency disaster information is one of crucial factors to effectively guide the rescue work. However, there is a "black box effect" on the emergency disaster information acquisition after an earthquake, which means real-time earthquake disaster information is insufficient. Hazard estimates are usually used as a substitute for the real-time disaster information in the "black box" period. However, it is subject to the accuracy and speed of the estimation. The development of the km grid technology provides good prospect to solve this problem. The paper suggests to develop earthquake disaster information pre-estimation data with the support of the km grid technology. The definition and source of the pre-estimation data are introduced and its possibility in improving the estimation speed and accuracy are analyzed theoretically. Then, we elaborate the calculation model of the pre-estimation data. The framework of the model includes disaster-bearing body data, disaster-causing factors used in calculation and calculation formula. The disaster-bearing body data in km grid format are introduced, including population data in km grid format and building data in km grid format. Then the four elements of the earthquake(earthquake occurrence time, earthquake location, earthquake magnitude and focal depth)are selected as disaster-causing factors for calculation. Map algebra method is used to realize the calculation model in which calculation parameters are associated with base map in the km grid format. So the pre-estimation data are developed by python and ArcGIS, which includes building damage dataset(100 layers), death toll dataset(10 layers)and direct economic loss dataset(5 layers). Finally, the pre-estimation data based method for earthquake emergency disaster information estimation is presented. With the support of this method, two real earthquake cases are used to validate the effect of the pre-estimation data. The validation results show the pre-estimation data can not only significantly improve the speed of the estimation but also greatly improve the accuracy of the estimation. Another good result is found in the validation process that with the support of the pre-estimation data, the estimated result can display the spatial distribution of the disaster information, which will effectively aid earthquake emergency response and rescues.     

基于Oracle的地震数据仓库系统的建立

讲述了数据仓库的定义、特征、体系结构、设计以及OLAP等一系列内容,然后针对地震目录的特点,提出了采用数据仓库存储地震目录的观点。重点描述了该观点在Oracle平台上的实现思路。     

WebGIS技术在地震应急指挥信息系统中的应用

从GIS的最新发展技术WebGIS的概念出发,研究了目前使用WebGIS的几种常见的开发方式,分析了在地震应急指挥信息系统中采用WebGIS技术对地震灾害应急指挥带来的优势,同时探讨了地震信息采集、信息处理、系统集成发布以及地震灾害评估等一系列问题的处理过程。设计研究了基于WebGIS技术建立地震应急指挥系统的理论实现过程和集成实现方案。将WebGIS技术应用在地震应急指挥信息系统中,也为处理其他灾害防御指挥信息系统提出了一种新的解决问题的途径。     

基于混编的地震前兆数据可视化系统

随着地震前兆台网数字化改造的不断发展,工作人员对地震前兆软件海量数据处理能力的要求不断提高。基于混编的地震前兆数据可视化系统所采用的混合编程模式,与传统方法相比,同时兼具了更好的友好人机界面、更强大的数据分析可视化能力等优点。实验表明,该系统能提高地震前兆工作的效率与质量,具有很好的可行性和高效性。     

吉林省地震应急指挥技术系统建设

本文介绍了吉林省地震应急指挥技术系统的系统构成、技术框架,系统的主要功能特点及相关的技术指标,应用前景及系统评价。