水位衰减方程在井流试验中的应用

以非稳定井流试验法进行有关的水文地质参数计算时,常涉及水位降深值的校正问题,究竟是否需要以及各种条件下如何校正,在各类教科书并水文地质有关手册中均无详细讨论。为此,本人根据几年的工作实践,以地下水位衰减方程为基础,引出一个比较简便合理的计算公式,供予同行参考并验正。     

含煤地层中石英组构的成因与意义

根据我国东部煤田一些实例和高温高压变形实验模拟结果表明,含煤地层中石英C-轴组构普遍具有稀疏小圆环带型式,其环带轴具有显著的应力指向意义。稀疏小圆环带型式组构的形成与石英底面滑移系的运动有关,是点极密型式的过渡状态,与石英颗粒的塑性应变量较小有关。造成含煤地层中石英颗粒塑性应变量较小的原因,除构造变形强度较小外,还与岩石中普遍存在软弱矿物有关。软弱矿物的存在吸收了大部分塑性应变。     

含煤地层中石英组构的成因与意义——实例与实验研究

根据我国东部煤田一些实例和高温高压变形实验模拟结果表明,含煤地层中石英C-轴组构普遍具有稀疏小圆环带型式,其环带轴具有显著的应力指向意义。稀疏小圆环带型式组构的形成与石英底面滑移系的运动有关,是点极密型式的过渡状态,与石英颗粒的塑性应变量较小有关。造成含煤地层中石英颗粒塑性应变量较小的原因,除构造变形强度较小外,还与岩石中普遍存在软弱矿物有关。软弱矿物的存在吸收了大部分塑性应变      

日本的桩静载荷试验规程概况

文章全面地介绍了日本当前应用的桩载荷试验的有关规程、规范。可供我国同行参考。     

混凝土材料基本力学性质的声弹性试验结果及分析

本文进行了不同级配的混凝土圆柱体试样的声弹性试验和单轴压缩试验。通过试验得出不同级配混凝土试样的纵波波速与其单轴抗压强度的关系。试验结果表明,混凝土弹性波幅的衰减与材料的密度和尺寸有关。     

上海三维形变监测GPS试验网的建立

本文结合上海三维形变ＧＰＳ试验网的建立、探讨了应用ＧＰＳ建立高精度控制制的有关问题。结果表明，采用仪器墩强制对中、天线指比、观测时间超过３小时，测得的长度不超过４ｋｍ的基线，有望达到毫米级的精度。     

斜孔长螺旋钻进技术的试验研究

重点阐述了作者在分析、研究试验成果资料基础上得出的有关斜孔长螺旋钻进功率消耗、规程参数、孔弯规律及相应技术措施的初步结论。     

沉（压）模灌注成墙技术试验研究

介绍了沉（压）模灌注成墙技术的流程、试验、检测情况，并对有关问题进行了探讨。     

土工布滤水管性能试验研究

本文通过室内试验,对土工布滤水管的滤水拦砂功能、防淤堵性能等进行了模拟研究。结果表明,土工布滤水管不仅具有良好的滤水拦沙功能,而且具有较强的防淤堵能力,试验指标均达到有关规范标准。     

濮阳市地热资源分析及水文地质参数计算

本文搜集濮阳地区有关勘探资料和地热深井互阻，多孔抽水试验资料，通过综合分析，计算，阐述了濮阳市地热资源的地质背景并给出了水文地质参数，为濮阳市地热资源的俣理开发提供基础地质依据。     

Influence of plant on the extractability of estrogen in the rhizospheric soil

Livestock wastes applied to agricultural land are potential sources of steroidal hormones （estradiol （E2）, estrone （E1）, and estriol （E3）） that can adversely affect the aquatic ecosystem as endocrine disruptors. But the effects of plants on the fate of estrogen in the environment are not clearly known. In the present report, the behavior of E1, E2 and E3 added to the rhizospheric soil in various concentrations and its effect on plant growth were examined by estrogen batch sorption test, plant pot test and estrogen extraction test. Trifolium repens was grown on the soil spiked with E2 or a mixture of E1, E2 and E3. Pots without plant were prepared as controls. All pots were watered in 50 ml dose almost every day, and the rhizosheric soil and plant body were collected 7, 19, 26, 33 days after planting. The soil was sequentially extracted with Milli-Q water, and methanol / 1M acetic acid solvent followed by methanol wash at the solid to liquid ratio of 1 ： 4 （g/mL）. Extracts were analyzed for El, E2 and E3 using a Shimadzu GCMS-QP5050. Plant dry weight （4 hours, 105 ℃） was measured as an indicator of plant growth. In batch sorption tests, E1 and E2 concentrations in the liquid phase significantly decreased within 24 hours after the addition of estrogen. The sum of methanol / 1M acetic acid extractable E 1 and E2 in the soil decreased to half of the initial added amount within 7 days. Reduction in total estrogenic activity of the soil extracts （estimated as 0.01CE1＋CE2＋0.1CE3 where CE1, CE2 and CE3 are respective El, E2 and E3 concentrations per unit soil weight） continued for 1 month due to slow oxidation of E2 to E1. Desorption of E2 from soil during the pot experiment was higher than expected from the sorption experiment.     

粘性土试样高度对抗拉强度的影响

针对粘性土抗拉强度测试问题,本文设计改装了土样拉伸试验仪,可完成单轴拉伸、巴西劈裂和轴向压裂三种抗拉强度试验。通过不同方法测定土体的抗拉强度,研究了试样高度对各方法强度测量值的影响及其规律。试验结果表明,试样高度对轴向压裂试验测试结果的影响最大,对巴西劈裂试验测试结果影响很小,几乎不影响单轴拉伸试验测试结果。轴向压裂试验中,抗拉强度测试值随试样高度h增大而减小,随衬垫直径增大而增大。巴西劈裂试验中,试样抗拉强度测试值随试样高度增大略有增大。     

碱渣变形性质的试验研究

目前碱渣压实后用作填垫地基比较广泛,碱渣的变形特性是分析填垫地基沉降和变形的关键。因此,利用压缩试验研究击实碱渣的变形性质非常重要。本文以5种不同含水量的击实碱渣的压缩试验为基础,分析了击实碱渣压缩系数、压缩模量和固结系数的变化规律。     

试桩测试方法对桩基承载特性的影响研究

吉利黄河公路特大桥施工了2根相同直径的试桩,分别采用锚桩法和自平衡试桩法进行静载荷测试。根据S2（自平衡试桩法,50 m）上段桩与S1（锚桩法,32 m）桩的平均摩阻力进行的对比,二者表现出相似的变化规律,均可采用双曲线模型很好的拟合,取趋于稳定的同一位移(12 mm)进行比较,在中密卵石层中平均负摩阻力约为平均正摩阻力的0.84倍。桩S1,S2的Q-S曲线均呈缓变型,在曲线前半段,两条曲线非常接近。在后半段,随着荷载增大,S1桩的下降速率明显大于S2桩,若取同一位移30 mm进行对比,S2的承载力为59.5×103 kN,S1的承载力为48×103 kN。S1的端阻力占总荷载的比例为22.46 %,为摩擦端承桩。S2端阻力占总荷载的比例只有3.59 %,桩顶沉降基本由桩身压缩引起,为摩擦桩。     

A new approach to the evaluation of water-pressure test results obtained in bedrock by the US Bureau of Reclamation Method

As is known, the permeability coefficient of saturated and unsaturated rock masses can be found using the Bureau of Reclamation Method, which uses single and double packer water-pressure test results obtained from drillholes. The Bureau of Reclamation Method is, however, a time-consuming processes.

In this study, a new graphical method that does not necessitate the procedures mentioned above is proposed for the determination of the coefficient of permeability. This graphical method has been prepared with the idea that the amount of water injected into the testing section increases as the permeability of the rock mass increases. If the amount of average water loss in a 2-m test section is known, the average permeability coefficient of this section can be found using the proposed graphical method.     

颗粒破碎对煤矸石渗透性能的影响

采用标准试验方法求得筑坝用煤矸石的最大干密度和相应的最优含水量。试验结果表明,击实作用使煤矸石的粗大颗粒发生破碎,导致其粒度组成改变,颗粒级配进一步趋于良好,有利于碾压密实。当粗粒质量分数大于60%时,煤矸石的破碎程度明显提高。当粗粒质量分数小于40%时,煤矸石的工程特性主要由细颗粒的性质决定。煤矸石的渗透系数和孔隙比之间存在指数关系。随细颗粒含量的增加,煤矸石的渗透性将显著降低。     

纤维加筋土抗液化性能的研究进展

根据加筋方式的不同,纤维加筋可分为定向分布的纤维加筋和随机分布的纤维加筋两大类。本文针对这两类加筋方式,分别综述了纤维加筋技术在土体抗液化方面的相关研究进展,同时对纤维加筋土抗液化性能的主要影响因素进行了分析。既有针对纤维加筋土进行的动三轴试验、扭剪试验及模型试验等均表明,纤维加筋技术能有效地增强土体的抗液化强度,同时减小液化所引起的变形,是一种具有广泛应用前景的抗液化措施。     

快速法固结试验经验修正系数的探讨

实践证明，常规固定试验（压缩试验）可以采用快速法替代现行规范的慢速法。本文在大量统计对比和相应理论分析基础上提出上海地区经验修正系数K值，以利快速法的推行。     

Analyses of deterioration of the Cappadocian tuff, Turkey

 The Cappadocian tuff contains unique erosional features, the so-called fairy chimneys, some of which in the past were dwelled in and contain valuable wall paintings. These historical heritages, however, are undergoing chemical and physical deterioration due to atmospheric effects. For the conservation studies, understanding of the deterioration phenomenon of the tuff is essential. In this study, engineering geological and physicochemical characteristics of the tuff were determined. The durability of the tuff was assessed through wetting-drying, freezing-thawing, and salt crystallization. The test results suggest that chemical weathering may be traced to a depth of 2 cm below lichen-covered surfaces and 20 cm adjacent to discolored joint walls. Based on durability assessment methods, the tuff may be classified as having poor to very poor durability. Received: 16 December 1996 · Accepted: 3 April 1997