Assessment of Anthropogenic Impact on Marine Ecosystems and Biological Resources in the Process of Oil and Gas Field Development in the Shelf Area

Current methodology of environmental impact assessment in connection with the environmental consequences of hydrocarbons production in the shelf area is analyzed. Basing on the ecosystem approach, a scheme of environmental impact estimates is suggested, envisaging the use of a set of gradations (scales) to characterize spatial and temporal scope of impacts and their consequences, as well as criteria (thresholds) of impact permissibility, taking into account the natural variability in the population and ecosystem parameters. Estimates of the environmental and fishery-related consequences of hydrocarbon production in the sea shelf area at different stages of the process are compared to the available measured and calculated data. The suggested scheme of environmental impact assessment and criteria of permissible impacts are recommended for expert analysis, forecasting, and monitoring of the environmental situation in the sea shelf areas of Russia under the conditions of anthropogenic impact.     

Floods control the influence of environmental gradients on the diversity of zooplankton communities in a neotropical floodplain

Floodplains show a high biodiversity due to their spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability, which are governed by environmental dynamics resulting from the flood pulse. We evaluated the importance of this driving force, the flood pulse, in the structuring of environmental gradients that influence species diversity in a neotropical floodplain. Gamma (γ) and alpha (α) zooplankton diversities were higher in the year with a typical flood pulse (2010), indicating that flood dynamics contributed to high diversity component values. We found significant relationships between α- and β-diversity and local environmental gradients, indicating that in years with a flood pulse, environmental filters might be the dominant mechanisms that structure the zooplankton community. Additive partitioning of γ-diversity showed that even in 2000 with atypical flood conditions, zooplankton diversities showed non-random patterns of spatial distribution and temporal variation in the floodplain. Our results indicate that the driving force of a floodplain can determine the spatial distribution of α- and β-diversity of aquatic communities owing to its primary effect on environmental filters. Therefore, if human activities that influence this driving force, such as water regulation, affect those environmental filters, floodplain biodiversity may decline.     

太湖地区工业绿色化进程研究——以无锡市为例

太湖区域工业化进程的加速,对区域生态环境造成了极大的干扰,积极推进工业绿色化,对保护太湖,推进区域可持续发展具有重要意义．本文以濒临太湖的无锡市为例,通过企业环境统计和问卷调查资料分析,考察该市工业绿色化进程及其与环境压力、企业性质的相关作用,得出以下结论:①无锡市工业绿色化不断发展,工业结构中高污染行业逐步缩减,企业的环境意识不断增强,企业的环境行为有明显改善的趋势;②无锡市目前企业实施绿色化的生产行为主要压力来自政府管制,只有少部分面向国际市场的企业具有较强的市场压力意识;③企业的环境行为与企业的规模、所有制、区位等密切相关,规模大的企业环境行为较好,国有企业和集体企业的环境行为优于外商投资企业和私营企业;④无锡工业绿色化的水平还处于初级阶段．发达地区要推进工业绿色化的进程,仍然要强化政府管制能力,并引导市场和公众发挥更多的作用．     

基于MAPGIS的福建省矿山地质环境综合评价分析

福建省矿业开发产生的环境地质问题主要有占用破坏土地、破坏地貌景观、水土流失、水土污染、水均衡破坏以及采空塌陷、岩溶塌陷、崩滑流矿山地质灾害等。矿山地质环境综合评价单元的划分采用正方形网格单元。选取矿山地质环境现状、地质环境条件、矿产资源开发利用规划、矿山生态环境恢复治理难易程度等作为评价因子。根据各因子对矿山地质环境质量影响存在重大差异及可分层次的实际情况,采用质量指数评价模型作为矿山地质环境综合评价模型。利用MAPGIS的空间分析功能,对整个系统进行综合评价。然后根据综合指数的大小,将全省圈定出28个区的矿山地质环境综合质量划分为严重区、较严重区和一般区。     

Assessing the influence of environmental parameters on the hydrological cycle

Human activity is exerting an increasing influence on the hydrological cycle. In order to avoid adverse impacts and to establish optimum conditions for the water balance, it is necessary to understand the role of environmental parameters in influencing the hydrological cycle. Work is currently in progress in China to study the relationships between environmental parameters and the hydrological cycle to provide a basis for planning future development.     

地震监测环境保护法律制度探讨

虽然我国已颁布了一系列法律、法规和政府规章,对地震监测环境保护做出规范,但是地震监测设施和观测环境遭到破坏的情况仍然时有发生,地震监测工作和服务地方经济建设之间存在的矛盾日益增多。现行地震监测环境保护制度有需要探讨和改进的地方。将国家和省市现行的保护制度作纵向比较,并与气象观测环境保护制度作横向比较,探讨其需要进一步改进和完善的地方。      

地球物理台网观测环境干扰现状分析

基于地球物理数据跟踪分析成果,总结近年来我国地震地球物理台网观测环境干扰情况,分析环境干扰的时空分布特征,并介绍主要干扰及其典型形态特征。针对常见环境干扰,指出几种措施和方法,为干扰的抑制与排查提供参考。     

MAPGIS软件在矿区重金属元素环境累积效应研究的应用

矿产资源开发引起的重金属污染是人们对资源利用过程中主要环境问题之一。如今,重金属污染的问题已经十分严重,时刻威胁着我们的生活质量。如何通过模拟分析等手段,借助“3S”技术,达到对矿区重金属元素环境累积效应危害的研究分析是当前重要的课题。针对MAPGIS6.7制图工作的一点经验做以总结,旨在使矿区环境污染研究者了解MAPGIS软件在研究重金属环境累积效应中的一点应用。     

Dating the recent past

The dramatic environmental changes of the last 500 years are likely to continue into the future and to have an increasing impact on both the Earth and human society. Any understanding of future environmental change is thus critically dependent on our capacity to reconstruct the environmental changes of the past. Fundamental to this is an ability to place the environmental responses of the last half millennium within a reliable chronological framework. Unfortunately, this most recent part of the geological timescale presents us with some of the greatest challenges for dating. With the exception of ²³⁰Th/²³⁴U methods, whose use is restricted to the rather specific depositional environments of shallow marine and terrestrial carbonates, there is no established geochronometric tool capable of dating more than a fraction of the recent past at a resolution adequate to tackle the environmental issues of this period. This challenge has been met by refining existing procedures (including ¹⁴C, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar, event chronostratigraphy and optically stimulated luminescence) and developing new ones (such as ³²Si). These offer a means of calibrating the high-resolution environmental records of the last 500 years and answering the critical environmental questions presented by this period.     

Modeling the distribution of Populus euphratica in the Heihe River Basin,an inland river basin in an arid region of China

Populus euphratica is a dominant tree species in riparian Tugai forests and forms a natural barrier that maintains the stability of local oases in arid inland river basins. Despite being critical information for local environmental protection and recovery, establishing the specific spatial distribution of P. euphratica has rarely been attempted via precise and reliable species distribution models in such areas. In this research, the potential geographic distribution of P. euphratica in the Heihe River Basin was simulated with MaxEnt software based on species occurrence data and 29 environmental variables. The result showed that in the Heihe River Basin, 820 km~2 of land primarily distributed along the banks of the lower reaches of the river is a suitable habitat for P. euphratica. We built other MaxEnt models based on different environmental variables and another eight models employing different mathematical algorithms based on the same 29 environmental variables to demonstrate the superiority of this method.MaxEnt based on 29 environmental variables performed the best among these models, as it precisely described the essential characteristics of the distribution of P. euphratica forest land. This study verified that MaxEnt can serve as an effective tool for species distribution in extremely arid regions with sufficient and reliable environmental variables. The results suggest that there may be a larger area of P. euphratica forest distribution in the study area and that ecological conservation and management of P.euphratica should prioritize suitable habitat. This research provides valuable insights for the conservation and management of degraded P. euphratica riparian forests.     

环境规制对无锡市制造业结构优化与绩效的影响

环境规制已成为促进区域发展方式转变和经济可持续发展的重要驱动力.本文以无锡市太湖水危机事件为例,首先对水危机前后的环境规制政策和手段进行对比分析,其次结合现有理论研究,总结了环境规制对制造业产业结构优化和绩效影响的理论框架,最后在对环境规制强度进行定量评估和对影响产业绩效各要素分析的基础上对理论框架进行验证.环境规制强度的评价结果表明,水危机事件后,环境规制强度显著增加,政府、技术、市场及社会工具的环境规制强度均值在2007-2009年期间比2001-2006年期间分别增加了2.2、1.0、2.6、0.7倍,政府在加强行政管理的同时开始积极探索市场化治理的工具,但以政府规制为主的治理模式仍然没有改变.回归结果进一步表明环境规制通过影响企业准入和提高技术效率,实现产业结构的优化和生产效率的提高,抵消了环境规制对生产成本增加而产生的消极作用,但是创新仍没有成为产业绩效增加的最主要动力.本研究对探讨经济和环境可持续发展模式以及环境规制手段的合理运用具有重要的理论借鉴意义.     

基于环境DNA宏条形码技术的赣江下游(南昌段)鱼类多样性

随着人类活动对自然生态系统的负面影响不断加剧,无创性生物多样性评估变得越来越重要。本研究旨在利用环境DNA宏条形码技术研究赣江下游南昌段鱼类多样性,并从不同季节（春、夏、秋、冬）、不同水层（上层、中层和下层）和不同取样位置（近岸和离岸）比较鱼类环境DNA信息的物种组成和多样性。结果表明：利用环境DNA宏条形码技术在赣江下游南昌段检测到鱼类114种,其中83种为历史记录种。不同季节的鱼类环境DNA信息的多样性和组成显示出极显著差异。上层水检测到的鱼类物种数分别显著多于中层水和下层水,且中层水和下层水检测到的鱼类在上层水中绝大多数都被检测到。上层水、中层水和下层水的鱼类环境DNA信息的多样性和组成不具有显著性差异。近岸检测到鱼类物种数多于离岸的,鱼类多样性指数无显著性差异,但群落结构具有显著性差异。RDA分析表明,赣江下游鱼类环境DNA受温度和pH的影响较大。本研究能够为基于环境DNA宏条形码的赣江鱼类资源的调查提供基线数据,并对后续赣江鱼类资源环境DNA宏条形码监测实施不同目的的采样策略提供依据;可为使用环境DNA宏条形码技术研究流水系统鱼类多样性提供技术参考,为环境DNA宏条形码技术应...     

Engineering-geological substantiation of water resource protection in the zones of oil and gas fields

The hydrochemical background and the specific features of pollution of geological environmental components by hydrocarbons and chemical components in the industrial sites of oil and gas fields is characterized for two types of natural-anthropogenic environments with different hydrogeological conditions. A methodology is proposed for comprehensive environmental-hydrogeological studies for the development of information support for the assessment of the hazard and risk for the environmental conditions, organization of complex environmental monitoring, and projecting of measures for protection of water resources.     

Research on method development during the strategic environmental assessment

The scientific method development on industrial programming will take a decisive role on the correct industrial plan and guarantee the validity of strategic environmental assessment. In this paper, we reveal the current situation, and analyze the environmental impacts of automobile raw materials production stage, automobile production stage, consumer use stage, and disposal stage. On the basis that environmental impacts are discerned, this paper predicts and analyzes the environmental impacts of the auto industry in Shandong.     

澜沧江梯级水库浮游植物群落结构特征及其关键驱动因子

筑坝改变河流生源要素迁移转化过程及浮游植物群落分布特征,影响河流生态系统结构与功能。为探究梯级筑坝河流浮游植物群落结构特征及其关键驱动因子,2016年丰水期、2018和2021年丰、枯水期在澜沧江开展了浮游植物群落及相关环境要素的调研。本文重点对比分析了丰水期自然河道段和水库浮游植物间的差异,基于广义相加模型(GAM)建立浮游植物与环境要素间的关系,研究发现:丰水期浮游植物生物量显著高于枯水期,丰、枯水期浮游植物群落结构均呈现上游以硅藻门为主,中下游以绿藻门、蓝藻门为主的变化特征。营养盐和水库的水力停留时间(HRT)是导致上、下游浮游植物生物量差异的关键环境要素;总磷、水温和HRT是影响浮游植物群落多样性指数的主要环境要素;总磷、氨氮是影响丰富度指数的关键环境要素。本研究结果有助于深化理解梯级筑坝河流生态环境效应。     

Mapping the environmental risk of a tourist harbor in order to foster environmental security: Objective vs. subjective assessments

A new definition of environmental security gives equal importance to the objective and subjective assessments of environmental risk. In this framework, the management of tourist harbors has to take into account managers’ perceptions. The subject of the present study is a tourist harbor in southern Italy where six different managers are present. This paper aims to assess subjectively and objectively the environmental risks associated with the harbor, and to compare the results to provide estimates of environmental security. Hereby managers have been interviewed and a simple model is used for making preliminary assessment of environmental risks. The comparison of the results highlighted a common mismatch between risk perception and risk assessment. We demonstrated that the old part of the harbor is less secure than the new part. In addition, one specific manager representing a public authority showed a leading role in ensuring the environmental security of the whole harbor.     

On the relationship between environmental aridization of the Loess Plateau and soil water in loess

The similarity between loess palaeo- environment and geographic distribution of modem bioclimatic zones is taken as a starting point; the relationship between the environmental aridization and soil water in loess ia discussed from the point view of the soil water energy status and their soil water physical characteristics of modem lcessial soils on the Loess Plateau. The soil water content becomes less and less from southeast to northwest, which not only provides favorable conditions for dust production by wind of loess origin, but also reveals that there is obviously a directional change in the environmental drought intensity of the Loess Plateau. Project supported by the key pmject (KZ951-B1-211) of ecological and environmental study of the Chinese Academy of Sciences     

Optimizing the Environmental Performance of In Situ Thermal Remediation Technologies Using Life Cycle Assessment

In situ thermal remediation technologies provide efficient and reliable cleanup of contaminated soil and groundwater, but at a high cost of environmental impacts and resource depletion due to the large amounts of energy and materials consumed. This study provides a detailed investigation of four in situ thermal remediation technologies (steam enhanced extraction, thermal conduction heating, electrical resistance heating, and radio frequency heating) in order to (1) compare the life‐cycle environmental impacts and resource consumption associated with each thermal technology, and (2) identify options to reduce these adverse effects. The study identifies a number of options for environmental optimization of in situ thermal remediation. In general, environmental optimization can be achieved by increasing the percentage of heating supplied in off peak electricity demand periods as this reduces the pressure on coal‐based electricity and thereby reduces the environmental impacts due to electricity production by up to 10%. Furthermore, reducing the amount of concrete in the vapor cap by using a concrete sandwich construction can potentially reduce the environmental impacts due to the vapor cap by up to 75%. Moreover, a number of technology‐specific improvements were identified, for instance by the substitution of stainless steel types in wells, heaters, and liners used in thermal conduction heating, thus reducing the nickel consumption by 45%. The combined effect of introducing all the suggested improvements is a 10 to 21% decrease in environmental impacts and an 8 to 20% decrease in resource depletion depending on the thermal remediation technology considered. The energy consumption was found to be the main contributor to most types of environmental impacts; this will, however, depend on the electricity production mix in the studied region. The combined improvement potential is therefore to a large extent controlled by the reduction/improvement of energy consumption.     

人工神经网络在潜在地震危险区估计中的应用

利用环境剪应力较高的地区较容易发生中强地震这一原理,提出了将人工神经网络应用于估计潜在地震危险区的方法。由于该方法是通过人工神经网络技术提前1~2年预测某一地区未来环境应力值的变化来估计潜在地震危险区,因而可大大提高估计的准确性。该方法今后在多震地区的预报工作中值得一试。