Quantum theory and geography

The application of Newtonian physics to complex fluvial and atmospheric processes is suggested to be inadequate. In the 1970s a number of exciting cosmological theories were developed which formed the basis for models of the early expansion of the Universe. Since these models derive from Einstein's ten gravitational field equations (rather than Newton's single equation) they possess a deep subtlety and may well be of interest to geographers in the explanation of fundamental patterns.     

The geography of mercury and PCBs in North Carolina's local seafood

Mercury and PCBs are used by non-governmental organizations and federal agencies to inform seafood safety recommendations. Pollution dynamics suggest recommendations on the national scale may be too large to be accurate. We tested softshell and hardshell blue crab, white and pink shrimp, oysters, clams, spot, and mullet from fishers in each of the three North Carolina fishery districts. We measured mercury using EPA method 7473 and PCBs using a commercially available ELISA kit. Over 97% of samples were below the Environmental Protection Agency levels of concern for both mercury and PCBs. Mercury and PCBs have different spatial dynamics, but both differ significantly by water body, suggesting that seafood safety recommendations should occur by water body instead of at the national scale. This finding supports previous research suggesting that differences in water chemistry, terrestrial influence, and flushing time in a particular water body control the contaminant load in locally resident species.     

Major advances in studies of the physical geography and living environment of China during the past 70 years and future prospects

The natural environment provides material essentials for human survival and development. The characteristics,processes, regional differentiation and forcing mechanisms of the elements of the natural environment(e.g. geomorphology,climate, hydrology, soil, etc.) are the main objects of research in physical geography. China has a complex natural environment and huge regional differentiation and therefore it provides outstanding reserach opportunities in physical geography. This review summarizes the most important developments and the main contributions of research in the physical geography and human living environment in China during the past 70 years. The major topics addressed are the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of its cryosphere, the development of fluvial systems, the acidification of the vast arid region of the Asian interior, variations in the monsoon and westerly climate systems on multiple timescales, the development of lakes and wetlands, the watershed system model, soil erosion, past human-environment interactions, biogeography, and physical geographic zonality. After briefly introducing international research developments, we review the history of research in physical geography in China, focusing on the major achievements and major academic debates, and finally we summarize the status of current research and the future prospects. We propose that in the context of the national demand for the construction of an ecological civilization, we should make full use of the research findings of physical geography, and determine the patterns and mechanisms of natural environmental processes in order to continue to promote the continued contribution of physical geography to national development strategies, and to further contribute to the theory of physical geography from a global perspective.     

地震应急灾情信息分类探讨

收集并整理了多次地震后的灾情信息,结合各类灾情信息的特征和地震应急指挥决策的要求,重点关注地震前灾区的基础信息和震后的地震现场信息,以服务和服从地震应急指挥和抗震救灾为重要目标,将地震应急灾情信息分为震情信息、震区背景信息、灾情信息和应急响应与救援四大类.信息分类结果便于灾情的快速分析与处理,对提高应急决策、救援效率以及应急处置能力具有重要意义.     

地震应急微直播信息平台技术及应用

为了提高地震应急信息发布效率,解决传统地震应急信息服务不能满足当前需要的问题,基于地震网站内容管理信息系统,以地震信息数据为基础,根据信息类别和属性对Java easysite平台进行技术开发,设计了地震信息直播、地震参数、震区背景等核心功能模块。通过自动获取地震数据库信息系统,实现了平台各个功能模块信息的快速发布。该应用已被布置在中国地震局网站平台上,实现了地震应急信息平台的智能管理,进一步保证了地震应急信息的发布。     

地震应急微直播信息平台技术及应用

为了提高地震应急信息发布效率,解决传统地震应急信息服务不能满足当前需要的问题,基于地震网站内容管理信息系统,以地震信息数据为基础,根据信息类别和属性对Java easysite平台进行技术开发,设计了地震信息直播、地震参数、震区背景等核心功能模块.通过自动获取地震数据库信息系统,实现了平台各个功能模块信息的快速发布.该应用已被布置在中国地震局网站平台上,实现了地震应急信息平台的智能管理,进一步保证了地震应急信息的发布.     

地震速报信息服务平台研究

地震速报是地震部门一项重要地震信息服务职能,地震速报信息传播效率影响着地震系统的社会服务能力。本文结合当前地震速报概况和地震速报信息内容特点,对地震速报在各类平台的信息内容形式、技术服务特点进行分析,提供不同层次的地震速报信息服务需求,实现地震速报信息的社会效益和服务价值,为提高地震行业信息服务水平和信息服务能力提供参考。      

Information flow and controlling in regularization inversion of quantitative remote sensing

In order to minimize uncertainty of the inversed parameters to the largest extent by making full use of the limited information in remote sensing data, it is necessary to understand what the information flow in quantitative remote sensing model inversion is, thus control the information flow. Aiming at this, the paper takes the linear kernel-driven model inversion as an example. At first, the information flow in different inversion methods is calculated and analyzed, then the effect of information flow controlled by multi-stage inversion strategy is studied, finally, an information matrix based on USM is defined to control information flow in inversion. It shows that using Shannon entropy decrease of the inversed parameters can express information flow more properly. Changing the weight of a priori knowledge in inversion or fixing parameters and partitioning datasets in multi-stage inversion strategy can control information flow. In regularization inversion of remote sensing, information matrix based on     

基于双重逆极限空间的地貌信息数据挖掘方法

为了挖掘不完备的地貌数据信息,将地貌信息描述为拓扑空间的形式,从逆极限定义出发,利用映射诱导法建立与原地貌信息空间拓扑同构的双重逆极限空间作为目标信息空间,然后利用拓扑传递性分析原地貌信息空间与目标信息空间的拓扑相似度,实现不完备的地貌信息空间数据挖掘.本文利用GIS软件,结合地貌的坡度、坡向等地貌特征因子分别模拟了地貌信息数据挖掘前后的模型并进行了对比,结果表明此方法是可行的.     

信息的不可修改性与当代科学某些问题

本文指出了"信息确定性"所涉及的信息的不可 修改性、信息"保真性"是认识观念的重大变革。 以取消数量稳定性限制条件,得出了非线性不稳 定具有特殊性信息及其周期性,并可解释翁文波 的"可公度"法是运用了特殊性信息的特殊规律, 在物质演化问题上不能将数量的一般规律拓广至 特殊性信息中;由此涉及了当代科学没有解决物 质演化的"时间"、特殊性、非惯性系及其数量分 析伪造信息等问题。信息的客观存在性和不可修 改性,已实质上表明了将近代的"信息科学"的 信息分析等同于当代科学的数量处理是认识上的 误解。即"信息"不能等同于"数量"。     

地震应急现场信息分类初步研究

地震应急现场信息分类的核心目标是实现灾情信息的快速上报、关键信息特征的识别和为辅助决策提供客观现实依据。按照信息内容的本质属性,依据发生什么事件、产生什么影响、对产生的影响有何响应,针对响应有什么成效这样的思路将地震应急现场信息分为地震震情信息、灾情信息、应急处置信息、处置效益信息4个大类。在对信息字段进行定义时,考虑了信息来源,将信息本质属性与信息源进行有机结合。分类成果可以应用于地震行业应急处置和各级政府应急处置的信息汇集、分析、处理,还可以依据分类体系充分利用社会公众参与灾情速报。由于灾难事件的应急处置具有相似性,本研究的成果适当修改后也可应用于其它行业的应急处置工作。     

地震信息安全管理现状及策略研究

随着网络和信息技术的发展,信息安全建设已经成为信息化建设的重要组成部分。网络信息安全问题已经上升为一个关系到国家前途的战略高度的问题。信息安全这门处于蓬勃发展中的科学,将会越来越密切地关系到社会的各行各业。本文分析了地震信息安全管理的现状,并着重讨论了加强地震信息安全管理的策略。     

地震现场灾情信息编码研究

针对地震现场灾情信息的多源性、复杂性、离散性、异构性特点,按照科学性、实用性、简明性、兼容性、扩延性、唯一性等原则,采用线分类法和面分类法相结合的方法,将灾情信息分为地震灾情信息、应急救援信息、救灾效益信息和地震行业信息共4大类30个子类。在分类基础上,采用树式结构和链式结构相结合的编码方法,提出一套灾情信息的编码机制,实现了灾区信息的科学化、标准化、通用化管理。     

地震应急测绘信息智能综合处理技术研究

地震应急测绘信息对于全面获取震区灾情,针对性援救震灾地区有着重要意义。当前针对震区的测绘信息以独立分类形式存在,缺少数据关联性,在整体信息获取上存在较大缺陷,其地震应急响应能力较差。提出地震应急测绘信息智能综合处理方法,构建地震应急联动信息服务技术平台,设计地震灾情辨识框架;通过判断地震灾情辨识框架,提取地震灾情测绘信息的特征向量,得到地震灾情信息关联规则集,引入测绘数据融合算法,将获取的地震灾情信息进行智能融合,获取地震灾害测绘情况的信息融合结果,实现地震灾情的智能综合性处理。实验结果表明,所提方法在地震应急测绘信息智能综合处理方面具备较强的信息处理与分析能力,具有较强的地震应急响应能力,为我国震后应急指挥工作提供了技术支持。