Strong ground-motion prediction and uncertainties estimation for Delhi,India

An endeavour has been made in the present study to estimate the uncertainties in strong ground-motion estimation for Delhi region. The strong ground motion (SGM) has been estimated using the logic-tree approach with equal weights chosen for the branches of the logic tree because a scientific preference has not yet been developed for the area. Coefficient of variation (COV) maps have been generated along with the mean SGM which aid in visualizing the effect of our lack of knowledge on the final results and highlight those areas where improved scientific understanding can have an impact on future hazard maps. Monte Carlo simulation has been sued to consider the effect of the variation in the seismic hazard parameters. The spectral ground generated for various return periods suggests higher values in the north-west region with a decreasing trend towards the south-east part of Delhi. The hazard gradient is highest at spectral acceleration (Sa) 0.1 s and lowest at spectral acceleration (Sa) 1.0 s for all return periods. The highest COV values (~0.60) were observed in case of PGA while lowest COV values (~0.15) were observed for spectral acceleration (Sa) 0.3 s at all return periods. One of the conspicuous observations is that the trends of COV maps have been found to be governed by the boundaries of the seismogenic sources. While COV values are governed mostly by Line Sources in smaller return and time periods, in higher return periods trend of the COV maps were found to be governed by the boundaries of the Areal Sources.     

对《中国古地理图集》制图设计的认识

《中国古地理图集》(下面简称《图集》)属於概略性古地理图,是一本八开本的综合性图集,由多种专业类型的全国性图件和地区性图件123幅及20万文字说明和英文摘要组成。《图集》从设计、编绘、制版、印刷历时数年,经地质人员、制图人员、制印人员、出版工作者等多方通力协作,现已正式出版发行。本文希望通过总结与探讨《图集》制图设计与编制工作中的某些有关问题,能有助于小比例尺大区域岩相古地理图的编制工作。     

Probabilistic Fuzzy Logic Modeling: Quantifying Uncertainty of Mineral Prospectivity Models Using Monte Carlo Simulations

Significant uncertainties are associated with the definition of both the exploration targeting criteria and computational algorithms used to generate mineral prospectivity maps. In prospectivity modeling, the input and computational uncertainties are generally made implicit, by making a series of best-guess or best-fit decisions, on the basis of incomplete and imprecise information. The individual uncertainties are then compounded and propagated into the final prospectivity map as an implicit combined uncertainty which is impossible to directly analyze and use for decision making. This paper proposes a new approach to explicitly define uncertainties of individual targeting criteria and propagate them through a computational algorithm to evaluate the combined uncertainty of a prospectivity map. Applied to fuzzy logic prospectivity models, this approach involves replacing point estimates of fuzzy membership values by statistical distributions deemed representative of likely variability of the corresponding fuzzy membership values. Uncertainty is then propagated through a fuzzy logic inference system by applying Monte Carlo simulations. A final prospectivity map is represented by a grid of statistical distributions of fuzzy prospectivity. Such modeling of uncertainty in prospectivity analyses allows better definition of exploration target quality, as understanding of uncertainty is consistently captured, propagated and visualized in a transparent manner. The explicit uncertainty information of prospectivity maps can support further risk analysis and decision making. The proposed probabilistic fuzzy logic approach can be used in any area of geosciences to model uncertainty of complex fuzzy systems.     

国际地质编图现状及发展趋势

随着经济社会的发展和科学技术的进步,以及地质工作服务领域的空前扩展,地质图件作为地质工作成果的集中体现和地质工作服务于经济社会发展的主要工具,受到各国政府及国际地质组织的高度重视,并出现一些明显的特点和发展趋势,主要表现为:由专业性地质图件向更多实用性图件发展;由单一地质类图件向多学科系列图件发展;由地区性、国家级图件向洲际性及全球性图件扩展;由地表地质图件向反映深部地壳结构构造图件发展;并在图面结构、表现形式上进行了诸多改革,提供了更多地质信息。     

西北地区矿山环境图件的编图特点

矿业开发诱发了种种环境地质问题,部分矿山严重的环境地质问题已制约了地区社会经济的可持续发展。为了查明西北地区矿山环境地质问题的现状,中国地质调查局自2001年起先后在西北地区部署了大区、五省区、重点矿区等不同比例尺的矿山地质环境调查和研究工作,完成了大量基础性和综合性图件的编制。初步总结了西北地区目前已完成的不同比例尺的矿山地质环境调查与研究图件的类型、内容、表达方式和特点,旨在促进矿山环境编图技术水平的不断提高和发展,为矿山地质环境保护和防治提供科学信息。     

浅论气候容量及其对气候安全风险管理的作用

全球气候安全问题已经日益突显,为了开展气候安全风险管理,国内学术界最近提出了气候容量的概念。然而,目前对气候容量的科学认识十分有限,甚至还没有比较统一的科学定义,对如何通过气候容量评价开展气候安全风险管理也没有明确的技术思路。在归纳总结以往研究的基础上,进一步讨论了气候容量及其对气候安全风险管理的作用,对气候容量给出了更加科学的定义和合理的诠释,并且分析了气候容量的科学属性和基本特征,探讨了全球气候安全风险的总体趋势,提出了利用气候容量的杠杆作用提升气候安全风险管理和气候资源开发利用水平的初步思路。这对推进我国气候业务对国家非传统安全的服务能力具有科学参考作用。     

浅谈电子地图的应用及其产品开发模式

通过对国内外100余项电子地图相关产品资料文献及已发表成果的研究,综述了电子地图应用领域、关键技术及相关产品开发模式。为电子地图制作设计及研究方向提供参考。     

Appropriate aspirations for effective post-mining restoration and rehabilitation: a response to Kaźmierczak et al.

Confusion surrounding the definition and application of terminology in post-mining ecological repair has resulted in uncertainty for industry, the scientific community and regulators. This lack of clarity may underrepresent high aspirations or could be misused to disguise low aspirations and so is problematic for setting objectives, establishing goals and assessing recovery trajectories. We respond to a recently published analysis of the ecosystem repair literature, where we highlight inconsistencies stemming from inadequate reference to a large proportion of the restoration and rehabilitation literature. We outline increasingly well-accepted and internationally applied definitions concerning the restoration and recovery process and invite both the mining industry and policy-makers to re-examine their terminology in the interests of attaining an internationally agreed nomenclature. Clarity in the use and understanding of terminology will align post-mining targets with community expectation, enhance the capacity of the mining industry to understand and meet these targets, and foster better analysis and more industry-relevant discussion of recovery methodologies by the scientific community and practitioners.     

Compiling distribution of karst in Southern China and Southeast Asia

As China and Southeast Asian countries have accelerated and globalized their economic development, karst environmental problems have become increasingly prominent and studying on and compiling maps of karst geology is quite important. Therefore, based on a wide collection of data in Southeast Asian countries, a cooperative map compilation has been carried out internationally. Through comprehensive research and analysis, a unified understanding has been achieved in terms of compiling principles, contents and representing methods, Distribution of Karst in Southern China and Southeast Asia (1/5 000 000) has been compiled, which provides foundations for environmental protection and scientific studies of karst geology.     

MAPGIS在绘制矿产资源规划图件中的应用技巧

MAPGIS在绘制矿产资源规划图件中得到了广泛的应用。本文对MAPGIS软件的整图变换、误差校正、投影变换和报表定义等在矿产资源规划图件制作的应用技巧进行了研究。