凡纳滨对虾水孔蛋白-4的cDNA克隆及盐度胁迫对其肝胰腺mRNA表达水平的影响

为了探索水孔蛋白(Aquaporin,AQP)在凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)渗透压调节过程中作用,本研究通过RACE方法获得克隆的凡纳滨对虾AQP(命名为LvAQP4)的c DNA全长序列,并分析了盐度胁迫对其肝胰腺m RNA表达的影响。结果发现:LvAQP4 c DNA序列全长为1 048 bp,其中包括75 bp的5￠UTR,187 bp的3￠UTR和786 bp的ORF。根据ORF序列推导出LvAQP4编码261个氨基酸,预测其分子质量为27.85 k Da,等电点为8.11。推导的氨基酸序列与其他甲壳物种的AQP相似度为48.8%到97.3%。进化分析显示LvAQP4属于AQP1-like亚族、AQP4类。定量PCR(q PCR)检测到LvAQP4在不同组织中均有表达,其中鳃的表达量最高,肝胰腺、肌肉、脑和眼柄中也较高,而血淋巴、肠、胃和胸神经节中表达量则较低。在高盐(盐度40)刺激下,凡纳滨对虾的肝胰腺LvAQP4 m RNA表达量会随着时间推移而上升,到6 h达到最高,而后逐步下降。而在低盐(盐度4)刺激下,凡纳滨对虾的肝胰腺LvAQP4 m RNA表达量并无明显变化。在原代分离和培养的肝胰腺细胞中,培养液中加入额外的Na Cl会剂量依赖地提高LvAQP4 m RNA表达水平。同样,通过在培养液中额外加入蔗糖提高培养液渗透压,也会剂量依赖地提高LvAQP4 m RNA表达水平,但作用不如Na Cl明显。这些结果表明盐度与肝胰腺LvAQP4的表达量有关,LvAQP4对凡纳滨对虾的渗透压调节具有非常重要的作用。     

盐度对银鲳(Pampus argenteus)Na /K -ATP酶活力及血清渗透压调节激素浓度的影响

采用检测银鲳(Pampus argenteus)幼鱼鳃Na+/K+-ATP(NKA)酶活力、血清生长激素(GH)、胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)和催乳素(PRL)浓度的方法, 研究了不同盐度下银鲳渗透压调节机制。结果表明, 鳃NKA酶活力在三种盐度下总体呈先上升后恢复的变化, 其最高点为14盐度48h时, 且显著高于其它值(P<0.05)。36盐度组的血清GH浓度显著高于其它组(P<0.05)。盐度变化均使血清IGF-Ⅰ浓度呈现先上升后恢复的变化。14盐度组血清催乳素浓度始终高于其它各盐度组。在低盐度适应(14和25)时, 血清GH浓度与NKA酶活力呈极显著正相关(P<0.01); 高盐度适应(36和25)时, 血清催乳素浓度与NKA酶活力呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。另外, 血清催乳素与IGF-Ⅰ浓度间有极显著正相关(P<0.01)。研究证明银鲳幼鱼在适应不同盐度时, 鳃NKA酶、生长激素、IGF-Ⅰ和催乳素在渗透压调节中起着重要作用, 并且相互之间存在一定关联。     

Salinity tolerance of northern Brazilian mangrove crab larvae, Ucides cordatus (Ocypodidae): Necessity for larval export?

The life cycle of the semiterrestrial mangrove crab Ucides cordatus includes pelagic larvae that are released into estuarine waters during the wet season and who may thus encounter potentially stressful low and variable salinity conditions. The effect of salinity on the survival of the zoea larvae, the number of zoeal stages and the duration of development from hatching to megalopa was experimentally studied by rearing larvae from the Caeté estuary, Northern Brazil, in seven salinity treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30). For a better interpretation of the laboratory results, estuarine salinities were measured over five consecutive years during the species' reproductive season. The survival of the zoea larvae varied significantly with salinity, while the number of stages and the duration of their development remained constant. Development to megalopa took 20.77 ± 1.57 days and comprised five zoeal stages with ZI and ZII being euryhaline and later stages stenohaline. The newly hatched larvae stayed alive for up to 6 days in freshwater (average 4.32 ± 0.82 days), but did not moult to the second zoeal stage. ZII larvae first occurred from salinity 5 onwards and later zoeal stages at all tested salinities ≥10. However, the larvae only survived to megalopa at salinities ≥15, with highest numbers at salinity 30 (72%) and lowest at 15 (16%). Lethal salinities ≤10 occurred frequently in the estuary during the reproductive season. This suggests a need for larval export to offshore and thus more saline waters to allow for significant larval survival and maintenance of viable populations of this commercially important species. A regional rather than local approach for management is suggested due to the likelihood of long distance larval dispersal by offshore currents.     

盐度渐变过程对黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)幼鱼渗透调节的影响

为了解盐度渐变对黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)渗透调节的影响,设置自然海水(对照组盐度为29),5,10,15,20,35六个盐度梯度,并对不同盐度下幼鱼鳃丝Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力、离子浓度、渗透压进行了检测和分析。结果显示:在盐度5～35,黄条鰤尿、血清、血浆的渗透压均随盐度升高而升高,盐度为35时渗透压均为最高,其中尿的渗透压显著高于血清和血浆渗透压。在盐度从29下降的过程中,鳃丝Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力、离子浓度、渗透压呈现相似的变化规律,都随着盐度的降低而呈现总体下降的趋势;盐度从29升高到35时,各检测指标中仅有尿和血浆的K~+含量无显著变化(P0.05),其余均显著升高(P0.05)。实验结果表明,黄条鰤生存和繁衍的自然海水盐度29是幼鱼存活的适宜盐度,在略低的盐度20～29均能较快适应,说明在盐度渐变过程中,黄条鰤幼鱼对外界盐度变化有较强的调节能力。     

Hitching a ride on a hermit crabs home: Movement of gastropod shells inhabited by hermit crabs

There is little information on the movement and connectivity patterns for many species. The movement by shells occupied by the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus and the organisms encrusting these shells was investigated on the south coast of Wales (UK). Hermit crabs shells moved considerable distances along the shore over 1 month periods, moving a minimum mean distance (±SE) of 148 (±8) and 174 (±9) m from release sites in the January and August respectively. Hermit crab-inhabited shells were also found to travel across habitats (sandy areas) that are unsuitable for both hermit crabs and epibionts. Through the examination of 150 of the most abundant shells used by P. bernhardus (Nucella lapillus), twelve epibiont species were found (10 animal and 2 algal species) and choice experiments demonstrated that hermit crabs preferred epibiont covered shells (84%), compared with bare shells (16%). The distance that shells were moved and the preference of hermit crabs for epibiont encrusted shells, coupled with the ability for epibionts to cross unsuitable habitats, may provide a dispersal advantage for epibiont species.     

盐度胁迫对香港牡蛎部分生化指标的影响

为探究盐度胁迫下香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)生化指标的变化规律,了解盐度适应过程中牡蛎的代谢机制,本研究以盐度0、8、16、32、40为胁迫盐度,以正常海水(盐度24)为对照,开展香港牡蛎对盐度胁迫的响应研究。结果显示,各实验盐度组糖原含量在盐度胁迫0～8 h内下降,且盐度胁迫幅度越大糖原含量降幅越大,胁迫8 h后则无明显的变化规律。腺苷酸激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)、组蛋白/蛋白去乙酰化酶(SIRT1)和Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力的变化规律相似:在0～8 h内,各实验组酶活力均急剧下降(SIRT1上升);8～48 h内,酶活力上升;48～120 h内,酶活力逐渐趋于平稳状态,总体表现为盐度越高,酶活力越强,并与胁迫前有明显差异,且盐度胁迫幅度越高,差异越明显。总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)总体表现出高盐胁迫下随时间的增加而升高,低盐胁迫下随时间的增加而降低,且盐度胁迫幅度越大,T-AOC活力的变化幅度越大。实验结果初步表明,香港牡蛎糖原含量与渗透压调节存在一定的关系,AMPK、SIRT1、Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力及T-AOC均与渗透压调节密切相关,且在高盐胁迫下随时间的增加而升高,低盐胁迫下随时间的增加而降低。     

盐度对绿鳍马面鲀存活、抗氧化酶及组织结构的影响

绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)作为中国沿海新兴网箱养殖种类, 在夏季多雨季节会经历盐度剧烈变化的过程, 因而探明盐度对绿鳍马面鲀存活和生理指标的影响, 对开展网箱养殖具有重要意义。本研究首先测定了绿鳍马面鲀的96 h半致死盐度, 随后分别设置低盐组(15)和高盐组(40), 分析盐度胁迫不同时间后生理指标的动态变化规律, 观察肝脏、鳃和肾脏的组织结构改变。结果显示, 绿鳍马面鲀96 h半致死低盐度为10.74, 半致死高盐度为42.95。低盐组和高盐组鳃Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶活呈上升趋势, 且高于对照组, 在96 h时各组差异性显著(P<0.05)。低盐组和高盐组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均表现为先上升、后下降的趋势, 在96 h时均低于对照组; 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性呈先下降后上升的趋势, 在96 h时低盐组显著低于高盐组(P<0.05)。低盐组和高盐组肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量在96 h达到最大值, 且显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。组织切片显示, 低盐组和高盐组肝细胞出现空泡和细胞核固缩的现象, 且高盐组更为严重; 鳃丝上皮细胞排列紊乱、细胞坏死, 低盐组鳃丝变宽, 鳃小片变长, 高盐组鳃丝萎缩, 鳃小片间距变大; 肾组织低盐组出现肾小管管腔扩张、肾小囊腔膨大, 高盐组出现肾小管和肾小球坏死的现象。本研究探究了盐度对存活、抗氧化酶及组织结构的影响, 可为绿鳍马面鲀健康养殖提供理论支持。     

低盐胁迫后两种龙须菜(Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis)叶绿素荧光特征的对比分析

以龙须菜981品种和其绿色突变型为材料, 运用叶绿素荧光分析技术, 比较低盐胁迫(盐度28和22)下二者光合生理的差异。研究结果证实, 在正常状态下, 龙须菜绿色突变型具有较高的光能利用效率(α)、最大相对电子传递速率(r_ETRmax)、半饱和光强(I_k)和光性能指数(P_Iabs), 表明其光合性能优于龙须菜981。在2种低盐条件下培养3 d, 盐度28处理后, 龙须菜981的最大相对电子传递速率下降了20.4%, 而龙须菜绿色突变型无显著变化, 表明盐度28可使龙须菜981的光合活性减弱。在盐度22培养3 d后, 龙须菜981的最大光量子产量(F_V/F_m)下降幅度高达16.0%, 而龙须菜绿色突变型的下降幅度为11.9%; 龙须菜981电子传递的量子产额(φ_EO)下降了20.3%, 而龙须菜绿色突变型则无显著变化; 另外, 盐度22处理后, 龙须菜981的光能利用效率和最大相对电子传递速率分别下降31.5%和22.1%, 下降幅度均高于龙须菜绿色突变型, 这表明龙须菜绿色突变型光合活性对低盐胁迫的耐受性高于龙须菜981。     

黄姑鱼胚胎发育及其与温度和盐度的关系

为研究温度和盐度对黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)胚胎发育的影响,作者观察了黄姑鱼受精卵的形态和胚胎发育过程。实验结果表明,温度18~28℃范围内,温度对孵化时间和初孵仔鱼有显著影响,对孵化率影响不大,24~28℃是黄姑鱼胚胎发育的适宜温度范围;盐度低于24时受精卵下沉,26~28内悬浮于水体中,盐度高于34时受精卵浮于水面;黄姑鱼胚胎发育的最适盐度范围26~32,盐度超过或低于其适宜范围时,孵化率明显下降或者幼虫畸形率明显增大。另外,根据其Q10值推算的胚胎发育的适宜水温与实验结果相似。     

红树植物外来种无瓣海桑对乡土种秋茄形态特征与生物量的影响

本文研究红树植物外来种无瓣海桑对乡土种秋茄形态可塑性、生物量积累、生物量分配的影响。实验样地设在福建省漳州市漳浦县"东山湾滨海湿地互花米草防控与生态修复示范基地",共设置4种样地类型,秋茄种植间距为0.25 m×0.25 m(Ⅰ)的秋茄人工纯林、种植间距分别为0.5 m×0.5 m(Ⅱ)、1 m×1 m(Ⅲ)、2 m×2 m(Ⅳ)外来种无瓣海桑与秋茄(种植间距为25 cm×25 cm)人工混交林。结果表明:种植无瓣海桑,导致3种混交林样地秋茄的形态指标(H、D)、生物量(AGB、BGB、TB、R/S)在不同季节均表现出显著或极显著低于秋茄纯林对照样地;随着无瓣海桑种植间距的减小,秋茄形态指标、生物量也会发生显著的减小趋势;秋茄的形态特征、R/S、BGB与AGB之间均表现出极显著的异速生长关系,混交林的异速生长关系指数和决定系数均显著小于秋茄纯林,随着无瓣海桑种植间距的不断减小;BGB与AGB之间的斜率发生显著减小的趋势。说明:种植无瓣海桑在一定程度上导致秋茄明显发生个体发育漂变,并在一定程度上显著抑制秋茄的形态可塑性、生物量的积累、增长速率和分配格局。随着无瓣海桑种植间距的减小,在一定程度上,使秋茄个体发育漂变程度更加明显,对秋茄形态可塑性、生物量的积累、增长速率和分配格局的抑制作用显著加强。研究结果表明种植外来种无瓣海桑对乡土种秋茄具有一定程度的入侵倾向。     

盐度对菲律宾蛤仔摄食率和清滤率的影响

实验室条件下,对15、20、25、30和35五个盐度梯度下菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)的摄食率RI和清滤率RC进行了测定。结果表明,在15~25的盐度条件下,蛤仔的摄食率RI和清滤率RC随着盐度的升高而增大,在25时达到最大值,而在25~35盐度条件下,随盐度的增加而减小。     

Leaf removal by sesarmid crabs in Bangrong mangrove forest, Phuket, Thailand; with emphasis on the feeding ecology of Neoepisesarma versicolor

Field measurements on leaf removal by populations of sesarmid crabs at different locations in the Bangrong mangrove forest, Phuket, Thailand, indicated that crabs on average can remove 87% of the daily leaf litter fall by ingestion or burial. The removal rate is correlated positively with the number of crab burrows and negatively with tidal inundation time. The results from the field were supplemented with observations on the behavior of Neoepisesarma versicolor in laboratory microcosms and a mangrove mesocosm. N. versicolor feeds primarily at night and total time spent feeding was up to an order of magnitude higher in the artificial microcosms than under simulated in situ conditions in the mesocosm. Most of the time during both day and night was spent resting near the entrance or inside burrows. N. versicolor mainly feeds on mangrove leaves and scraps of food material from the sediment surface. This is supported by examinations of stomach content, which showed that 62% is composed of higher plant material and 38% of detritus and mineral particles from the sediment. The nutritive value of leaves and detritus is insufficient to maintain crab growth. Sesarmid crabs may instead obtain the needed nutrients by occasional consumption of nitrogen-rich animal tissues, such as carcasses of fish and crustaceans, as indicated by the presence of animal remains in the stomach and the willingness of crabs to consume fish meat. Laboratory experiments on leaf consumption and leaf preferences of N. versicolor indicate that they preferentially feed on brown leaves, if available, followed by green and yellow leaves. If all species of sesarmid crabs in the Bangrong mangrove forest consume leaves at the same rate as N. versicolor, they could potentially ingest 52% of the total litter fall.     

温度和盐度变化对大泷六线鱼幼鱼存活与生长的影响

研究了温度和盐度变化对大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)幼鱼存活与生长的影响.结果表明,温度和盐度变化对大泷六线鱼4月龄幼鱼存活与生长的影响显著(P＜0.05),4月龄幼鱼存活与生长适宜水温为14～23℃,最适水温为17～23℃,在适温范围内幼鱼具有较高的存活率和生长率,温度过高或过低均对其生长发育有抑制作用.在20℃±0.5℃时生长率达到峰值,为20.89 mg/d.适宜盐度为15～40,最适盐度为25 ～ 35,在盐度30时生长率达到最大值17.1 mg/d.     

低盐度形成的微生物膜对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响

为研究环境因子在厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)稚贝附着过程中的调控作用, 作者探讨了低盐度对微生物膜生物构成、群落结构的影响及所形成微生物膜对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响。在实验室条件下, 研究微生物膜的日龄与干质量、细菌密度和硅藻密度、叶绿素a含量的关系及其对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响。通过DGGE指纹图谱技术对微生物膜中的细菌群落结构多样性进行了分析。研究发现,盐度13和23时形成的微生物膜能有效促进厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着, 且盐度23、28d时稚贝附着率最高, 达到72%。相关性分析表明, 微生物膜的诱导活性与盐度、干质量、细菌密度、硅藻密度、日龄呈显著正相关性, 与叶绿素a无相关性。微生物膜的干质量、附着细菌密度及底栖硅藻密度明显随着日龄的增加而增加, 叶绿素a含量与微生物膜日龄无显著相关性。细菌群落在厚壳贻贝稚贝附着过程中发挥重要调控作用。     

盐度对瘤背石磺幼贝存活、生长性能和肌肉生化成分的影响

为探讨盐度对瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma)幼贝生长和肌肉生化成分的影响,用不同盐度水平(5、15、25、35和45)的人工海水饲养瘤背石磺幼贝[干质量(2.96±1.02)g]60 d后测定瘤背石磺生长性能和肌肉营养成分。结果显示:(1)瘤背石磺在盐度25~45时生长良好,成活率在90%以上。同时,在盐度25时增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率均显著高于其余各盐度组(P0.05),而饲料系数也显著降低(P0.05)。(2)随着盐度的升高,瘤背石磺肌肉水分显著降低(P0.05),粗灰分呈先下降后上升趋势,但对肌肉钙和磷含量影响差异不显著(P0.05);粗蛋白含量在盐度25时最高,为76.66%,而粗脂肪在高盐度时呈显著上升趋势(P0.05),分别在盐度25和45时含量最低和最高。(3)除了谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸和脯氨酸等呈味氨基酸受盐度影响差异显著外,大多数氨基酸均随着盐度升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且在盐度25最高,但差异不显著。(4)盐度对于每一种脂肪酸的影响均差异显著,在盐度5至35范围内,n-3 PUFA和n-6 PUFA均呈现上升趋势,但n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA值也逐渐升高。与大多数海水贝类不同的是,瘤背石磺DHA含量远低于EPA。试验结果表明,盐度对瘤背石磺生长性能以及肌肉生化成分有显著影响,适宜的盐度可改善瘤背石磺的肌肉品质和风味。     

Influence of combined changes in salinity and copper modulation on growth and copper uptake in the tropical green macroalga Ulva reticulata

The influence of salinity on growth and Cu uptake in the green macroalga Ulva reticulata collected from the intertidal area in the Western Indian Ocean was studied under controlled laboratory conditions. Exposure concentrations ranged from 5 to 500 μg Cu l⁻¹ at five salinities (ranging 20–40). The accumulation of Cu increased with decreasing salinity, so that the uptake at 500 μg Cu l⁻¹ was approximately 2.7, 2.4 and 2.0 times higher at salinities of 20, 25, and 30 respectively, than uptake at salinity of 35, and with uptake being lowest at salinity of 40. Ulva maintained a positive growth rate over the whole salinity range (20–40), with highest rates at salinity of 35. When exposing to Cu at low salinities (20 and 25), the growth rate of Ulva was strongly inhibited suggesting an increase in toxicity of Cu with decreasing salinity. EC50 and NOEC increased with increase in salinity, implying a reduced Cu toxicity at high salinities. It was concluded that salinity needs to be considered when using macroalgae, such as U. reticulata, as a bioindicator of heavy metals in areas with heavy rainfall, underground fresh water intrusion or in estuaries, as they might accumulate more metals and be more negatively affected.     

温度、盐度对斑点鳟发眼卵孵化的影响

为了确定斑点鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)发眼卵孵化的适宜温度、盐度条件,作者通过设置不同的孵化温度和盐度,研究了温度、盐度对斑点鳟发眼卵孵化的影响。结果表明,发眼卵孵化的适宜温度范围为8~16℃,孵化率都在(73.33±2.04)%以上,最适温度为10℃,孵化率达(87.77±1.23)%。温度高于24℃时发眼卵不能孵化。温度在6~22℃内,斑点鳟发眼卵孵化时间与温度成负相关关系。斑点鳟胚胎发育的平均积温值为343℃?d。发眼卵孵化的适宜盐度范围为0~15,孵化率都在(85.33±1.92)%以上,最适盐度为0,孵化率达(97±1.13)%。盐度高于15时的孵化率为0。盐度在0~15内,发眼卵孵化时间与盐度成正相关关系。     

互花米草扩张对江苏海滨湿地大型底栖动物的影响

2008年6月在苏北海滨湿地盐城珍禽国家级自然保护区内选取了3个典型断面8个样点,分析了大型底栖动物的种类、密度、生物量、多样性指数及均匀度指数等群落特征。本研究共采集到底栖动物21种,其中软体动物12种,占物种总数的57.1%;甲壳动物6种,占物种总数28.6%;环节动物2种,占物种总数9.5%;鱼类1种,占物种总数4.8%。结果显示:在光滩生境中,软体动物多以托氏昌螺(Umbonium thomasi)、泥螺(Bullacta exarata)及四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)为优势种,豆形拳蟹(Philyra pisum)亦有一定的数量。随着米草群落的侵入,软体动物中的尖锥拟蟹守螺(Cerithidea lar-gillierti)与环节动物中双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)则逐渐变成优势种。新生互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)群落提高了大型底栖动物的物种数量和丰富度,但随着时间的推移及米草的生长,米草群落中的底栖动物的物种数及多样性都会下降。可见,研究米草入侵对海滨湿地大型底栖动物群落的影响,除了调查方法及时空因素外,还应考虑到研究样地互花米草入侵时间的长短。     

In situ experimental decomposition studies in estuaries: A comparison of Phragmites australis and Fucus vesiculosus

The decomposition rates of Phragmites australis and Fucus vesiculosus were experimentally determined in an estuarine system using the leaf-bag technique. The study was conducted in fifteen sites arranged in five areas, extending from freshwater, outside the tidal range, to the marine environment, near the mouth of the estuary. The leaf-bags (5 mm mesh), were set up with 3.0 g of dried substrate, submerged in the experimental sites at day 0 and collected at days 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60, to follow biomass loss. The biomass loss through the leaching phase (day 3) was about 16% for Phragmites australis and 33% for Fucus vesiculosus and was independent of salinity for both substrates. The difference in the remaining biomass between the two species increased with time and the decomposition rates differed along the salinity gradient. For F. vesiculosus, the decomposition rate was highest near the mouth of the estuary, corresponding to the preferential distribution area of the algae, and decreased towards freshwater. For Phragmites australis, the fastest decay was observed in the mid estuary, where Phragmites australis occurs naturally, confirming previous studies. The decomposition rates measured at different time intervals (0–15, 0–30 and 0–60 days) were always higher for the algae and decreased with time for both species. These results indicate that the use of decomposition rates as a measure of ecosystem integrity or quality status in transitional waters will not be straightforward and must take into account, among others, the test species, the study area positioning along the estuarine gradient, and the time interval for the calculation of the decomposition rate.     

远海梭子蟹对主要环境条件的要求

远海梭子蟹(Portunus pelagicus)又名远洋梭子蟹,俗称“花蟹”,属梭子蟹科(Portunidae)、梭子蟹属(Portunus),栖息于水深10-30m的沙质或泥沙质底上,可在河口或沿岸捕获.该种蟹属暖水蟹类,主要分布于我国的浙江、福建、台湾、广东、广西、海南各省(区)沿海及日本、菲律宾、澳大利亚、泰国、马来群岛、印度洋、东非海域[1,2];主产在中国南海珠江口以南的南海海域,是海南、粤西、北部湾一带海域的主要经济蟹类,在这一带产量相当大.远海梭子蟹体型大(体宽最大达187mm),食用价值高,是重要的经济甲壳动物,其肉味鲜美,营养丰富,可供出口创汇[3].