新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床容矿岩系沉积环境

位于新疆的萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床是我国西部的一个大型金矿床,矿区断裂和褶皱构造发育,总体构造线方向为NE-SW向,其断裂构造控制了矿区破碎蚀变带的展布,含矿岩层主要为上石炭统中段地层。为了揭示新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床容矿岩系的沉积环境,文章对容矿岩石稀土元素和微量元素的地球化学特征进行了分析。研究表明,萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床容矿岩系的稀土配分,负Eu异常现象较明显,这与此类岩石的富含钙质杂基和异常高的K2O含量有关;根据容矿岩系稀土元素及微量元素地球化学特征,结合地层结构特点和化石特征,可判别其容矿岩系沉积时的构造环境应属大陆岛弧,其容矿岩系形成于半深海-浊流沉积,弱还原环境。     

甘肃省肃北县鸡叫沟金矿床地球化学特征及成因探讨

鸡叫沟金矿床矿石及含矿岩系的稳定同位素、流体包裹体及稀土元素等地球化学研究表明,金矿床形成于碰撞造山运动后期的裂谷环境,成矿物质主要来自中基性、超基性火山岩,为低温、低盐、浅成的金矿床.硫来自岩浆硫.矿物质水主要来自大气降水,后期又萃取了岩浆水.矿床类型为与岩浆作用有关的浅成低温热液型.     

萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床成矿物质来源的初步探讨

萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床成矿物质具有多源性。资料显示，主成矿元素金一部分来自矿区容矿地层，另一部分来自下伏地层，矿质S和C主要来自深部，特别是下伏火山岩；Pb来自于造山带。成矿溶液主要来自以大气降水为补给的地下（卤）水。     

赣西袁水坳陷卡林型金矿床稀土元素地球化学的研究

赣西卡林型金矿床各类岩矿石的稀土元素地球化学特征的研究表明,与卡林型金矿成矿有关的岩浆岩,其成因是过渡型地壳同熔型成因系列。成矿物质源于容矿围岩及基底地层,部分成矿物质源于下二叠统茅口组,属海底喷流沉积成因。     

萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床的同位素组成特征及其成因意义

新疆西南天山的萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床，赋存于中-上石炭统浊积岩系地层中，矿化受构造破碎带控制，以含矿的石英细（网）脉和含矿的石英-碳酸盐细（网）脉形式产出。矿体呈假层状和透镜状，矿石的矿物组成和矿石类型复杂，矿石中金与黄铁矿，毒砂，黄铜矿等硫化物密切共生，金矿物以银金矿为主，成矿具多阶段性，据发现的生物化石和铷-锶同位素，控矿地层时代为中-上石炭统，铅和硫同位素组成表明，成矿物质主要来自于深部较老的地层和岩石；硅同位素组成显示，硅质由地层和岩石提供；氢氧同位素特征显示，成矿作用乃通过大气降水补 给的地下水渗入深部，经加热循环并溶滤围岩中的矿质，随后迁移到减压空间和有利岩性层中而成矿，钾-氩法测定表明，成矿作用发生于燕山中-晚期，萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床的众多特征与乌兹别克斯坦穆龙套金矿床的特征极具可比性，是中国最具典型意义的穆龙套型金矿床。     

西南天山锑矿床类型及典型矿床特征

西南天山的锑矿床可划分为碳酸盐岩型、碎屑岩型和浅变质岩型3类，并以后2类为主，锑矿床主要特点是锑汞、锑金、锑银共生。查汗萨拉锑银矿床容矿岩系为碎屑岩，成矿物质来源于矿源层，断理解活动是成矿的主导因素之一。萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床赋存于浅变质岩系，矿体受一组早期为韧性、中晚期为脆性的剪切带控制，成矿物质多来源，成矿具多期多阶段特点，剪切作用活动及演化是重要的控矿因素。     

我国首例穆龙套型金矿床的发现

穆龙套金矿床,以其独特的产出条件和巨大储量,已成为世界上最重要的金矿类型之一。笔者经过多年对中国新疆西南天山地区的地质调研工作,确认了我国首例穆龙套型金矿床—— 萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床。该矿床产于一套浊积岩系中,受地层、岩性及构造破碎带控制明显;矿石的矿物组成和矿石类型较复杂;金以自然金、银金矿等产出外,毒砂、黄铁矿是其重要载体矿物;成矿热液活动可划分出明显的五个阶段;成矿物质具多源性;成矿作用是通过大气降水补给地下水,下渗至深部经加热循环并溶滤地层中的矿质,经活化、转移到容矿地层内构造破碎带中,经充填交代而成矿。     

萨瓦亚尔顿穆龙套型金矿床构造控矿特征

穆龙套型金矿床已成为当今最重要的金矿类型之一;新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床是我国首例穆龙套型金矿床。研究表明,矿床受一套浊积岩系控制外,构造控矿特征明显;矿带(体)严格沿断裂破碎带产出,并且控矿构造基本格局及其时空演变特征,还相应决定着各矿(化)带的空间展布格局与多阶段矿化组合特征、矿化强度规模等方面的差异性递变规律。     

萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床成矿地质特征及同位素组成

西南天山的萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床,赋存于中-上石炭统浊积岩系中.矿化受构造破碎带控制,以含矿的石英细（网）脉和含矿的石英-碳酸盐细（网）脉形式产出.矿体呈似层状和透镜状,矿石的矿物组成和矿石类型复杂,矿石中金与黄铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿等硫化物密切共生,金矿物以银金矿为主.铅、硅、硫同位素组成表明,成矿物质主要来自深部较老的地层和岩石.氢、氧、碳同位素特征显示,成矿作用乃通过大气降水补给的地下水渗入深部,经加热循环并溶滤围岩中的矿质,迁移到减压空间和有利岩性层中而成矿.成矿时代属燕山中-晚期.     

甘肃桦树沟（铁）铜矿床成因的地球化学制约

矿石及含矿岩系的稀土元素、微量元素、稳定同位素、流体包裹体以及同位素年代学等地球化学研究表明,桦树沟（铁）铜矿床形成于近大陆边缘的海底裂谷环境,成矿物质主要来自元古宙基性火山岩,硫、碳主要来自海水。火山一沉积岩系经深循环水一热系统的作用,成矿物质被浸出和搬运,并经海底喷溢作用沉淀于海盆洼地中形成含矿层,后期变质作用使成矿物质活化、转物和富集。矿床成因为喷气（流）沉积,变质改造型（铁）铜矿床。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.