Genetic improvement on Chinese shrimp （Fenneropenaeus chinensis）： growth and viability performance in F1 hybrids of different populations

Fenneropenaeus chinensis distributed in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China and the west coast of the Korean Peninsula. Different geographical populations represent potentially different genetic resources. To learn further the characteristics of different geographical population, crosses among two wild and three farmed populations were produced. The two wild populations were from the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea （WYP）, and the west coast of the Korean Peninsula and coast （WKN）. The three farmed populations included the offspring of first generation of wild shrimp from coast in Korea （FKN）, the Huang Hai （the Yellow Sea in Chinese） No.1 （HH1）, and JK98. The phenotypes growth and survival rates of these populations were compared to confirm the feasibility for crossbreeding. The body length （BL）, carapace length （CL）. carapace width （CW）, height of the second and third abdominal segment （HST）, width of the second and third abdominal segment （WST）, length of the first abdominal segment （LF）, length of the last abdominal segment （LL）, live body weight （BW）, and survival rate were measured, Different combinations were statistically performed with ANOVA and Duncan＇s Multiple Range Test. The results show that the survival rate of JK98（♀）×WKN（♂） was the highest, followed by WYP（♀）×WKN（♂）, FKN（♀）×WYP（♂）, FKN（♀）×HHI（♂） and WYP（♀）×FKN（♂）; the body weight of FKN（♀）×HHI（♂） was the highest, followed by FKN（♀）×WYP（♂）, WYP（♀）×WKN（♂）, WYP（♀）×FKN（♂） and JK98（♀）×WKN（♂）; the total length had the same ranking as the body weight. All growth traits in hybrids JK98（♀）×WKN（♂） were the lowest among all combinations. F1 hybrids had significant difference （P〈0.05） in BL, CL, HST, LL, and BW; and insignificant difference （P〉0.05） in other growth traits and survival rate. The results of Duncan＇s Multiple Range Test are that BL and CL of J     

亚纯函数涉及其一个导数IM分担一个值的一个唯一性

复平面上两个亚纯函数f（z）与g（z）,若IM分担{∞},它们的一个导数IM分担1,则或者f（z）≡g（z）,或者满足代数方程R（f,g）≡0,其中R（ω1,ω2）=ω^n（ω-1）^m-ω2^n（ω2-1）^m．     

白银市乌金峡一带志留纪中酸性侵入岩特征及构造意义

通过对甘肃省白银市乌金峡一带中酸性侵入体的地质学、岩石化学、地球化学等研究,发现该侵人体高w（Na2O）,低w（MgO）、w（TFeO）、w（Al2O3）、w（K2O）,w（TiO2）、w（MgO）、w（MnO）、W（TFeO）、w（CaO）、w（K20）与w（SiO2）负相关,w（Na2O）与w（SiO2）正相关;轻、重稀土都有分异,但轻稀土更明显,且轻稀土富集,8（Eu）轻度正异常一亏损,大离子亲石元素Ba、Th、Sr富集,Rb、Li亏损,属同源岩浆演化的产物。岩浆结晶温度为700℃～890℃。形成时代大致为奥陶纪中晚期,属干岛弧构措环境,为中祁谇地块和北祁连洋间相互作用的结果。     

一类三阶非线性微分方程组的全局稳定性条件

应用类比法构造一类三阶非线性微分方程组ｘ＝ｐ（ｙ）,ｙ＝ｑ（ｘ）ｐ（ｙ）＋ｇ（ｚ）,ｚ＝－ｆ（ｘ）－ｈ（ｘ,ｙ）的Ｌｉａｐｕｎｏｖ函数,得到该系统全局稳定性的定理。     

土地政策助力国家产业结构调整最新限制和禁止用地项目目录解读

阅读提示近日,为贯彻落实《国务院关于促进节约集约用地的通知》（国发[2008]3号）精神,依据《产业结构调整指导目录（2011年本）》（国家发展改革委令第9号）和国家有关产业政策和土地供应政策,国土资源部、国家发展改革委联合制定了《关于发布实施（限制用地项目目录（2012年本））和（禁止用地项目目录（2012年本））的通知》（国土资发（2012398号）（简称《通知》）。     

一类三阶非线性微分方程组的全局稳定性条件

应用类比法构造一类三阶非线性微发方程线ｘ＝ｐ（ｙ）,ｙ＝ｑ（ｘ）ｐ（ｙ）＋ｇ（ｚ）,ｚ＝－－ｆ（ｘ）－ｈ（ｘ,ｙ）的Ｌｉａｐｕｎｏｖ函数,得到该系统全局稳定性的定理。     

The Antitumor Components from Marine-derived Bacterium Streptoverticillium luteoverticillatum 11014 Ⅱ

Eight known compounds were isolated from a marine-derived bacterium Streptoverticillium luteoverticillatum 11014 using bioassay-guided fractionations. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis as bis （4-hydroxybenzyl） ether （1）, p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol （2）, N-（4-hydroxyphenethyl） acetamide （3）, indole-3 carboxylic acid methyl ester （4）, dibenzo[b,e] [1,4]dioxine （5）, thymine （6）, cytosine deoxyribonucleoside （7） and 2, 3-butanediol （8）. These compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against K562 cell line with the SRB method for the first time. Compounds 2 and 4 showed cytotoxcities with IC50 values of 101.1 and 165.3 μolL^-1, respectively. All compounds were isolated from S. luteoverticillatum 11014 for the first time.     

Monthly changes of glycogen, lipid and free amino acid of oyster

Monthly difference of the chemical composition of oyster cultured along the eastern coast of Shandong Province was analyzed. The components analyzed included glycogen, fatty acid and free amino acid （FAA）. The content of glycogen was high in January and March （2.89 and 2.82 g（100 g） ^-1 on average, respectively） and low in October （2.07g（100g）^- 1 on average）. The low content of neutral lipids in October reflected a relatively poor nutritional value of oyster （1.42 g（ 100 g）^- 1 on average）. The main fatty acids of oyster were palmitic acid （16：0）, oleic acid （18： 1）, eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA, 20： 5（0 3） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA, 22：6（0 3）. The major FAAs of oyster were Taurine, Glutamicacid, Glycin, Alanine, Arginine and Proline. Taurine was the most abundant FAA with its content ranging from 603 mg（100 g） ^-1 to 1 139 mg（ 100 g） ^-1. The high contents of glycogen, polyunsaturated fatty acid and FAA showed that oyster cultured along the eastern coast of Shandong Province was nutritionally good in January and March.     

Yield trait improvement of bay scallops following complete diallel crosses between different scallop stocks

This study describes the complete diaUel hybridization between newly introduced bay scallop stock （W） from Canada and local commercial stock （D） grown under laboratory conditions, in China. Larval survival and growth during all life stages （larvae, spat, and adult） were compared among hybrid （DW, WD） and purebred （DD, WW） populations. Significant heterosis was detected for survival during the larval stage （〉 1% of the mid-parent values）. The mean heterosis （Hm） varied in growth throughout the life span. More than 50% of the Hm values were positive and negative in the DW and WD groups, respectively. The influence of maternal effects and mating types （intrapopulation vs. interpopulation crosses） on growth for all life stages was not consistent. Larval survival did not differ significantly （P〉0.05） with maternal effect or mating type. In the harvest stage, shell length （SL）, shell height （SH）, shell width （SW）, and total weight （TW） were larger in the hybrid compared with the inbred groups. Positive Hm values were observed in SL （1.5%）, SW （5.8%）, and TW （12.3%）, and were more significant in the DW groups （6.1%, 4.5%, 6.8%, and 27.2%）. These results suggest that hybridization between two geographic populations is a good tool for improving bay scallop growth. However, unstable heterosis between the two populations requires further study.     

菊黄东方[鱼屯]1龄幼鱼生长特性

对600尾菊黄东方[鱼屯]（Takfugu flavidus） 1龄幼鱼在池塘养殖条件下的生长特性进行研究。结果表明;菊 黄东方[鱼屯]67日龄幼鱼经过127d的培育后,体长从（ 3.53±0.73）cm增至（ 10.33±0.98） cm,日均增长0.054 cm, 体长增长率193.14%;体质量从（2.41± 1.60）g增至（ 54.39±13.62 ） g,日均增重0.413 g,体质量增长率2135.8%, 体质量与体长呈幕函数关系,关系式为：W=0.0448L30570 （R2=0.9922）, b值接近于3,属等速生长型。体长 （l）与日龄（t）表现为线性相关：l= 0.0585t ＋ 3.7811 （R2= 0.9621 ）,体质量（w）与日龄（t）表现为指数相 关：w=3.3211e00286t （R2=0.9363）。     

一种新的基于模糊分析观测信息的局地化方法

地球表层系统是一个极其复杂的巨系统,为了更精确地表达地球表层系统各种过程的动态演进,解决数据同化系统观测误差的估计与处理已经成为地球科学领域备受关注的问题之一。在地球科学系统数值模拟中,一般采用集合数据同化来探讨地学变量预报时的各种误差。集合类卡尔曼滤波通常会由于集合数过小而带来欠采样、协方差低估、滤波发散和远距离虚假相关等问题。针对背景误差协方差被低估问题,局地分析方法（Local Analysis, LA）在一定程度上能起到抑制作用,但无法彻底解决背景误差协方差的虚假相关问题。因此,本文在集合卡尔曼滤波的算法框架下提出了一种与模糊逻辑控制算法相耦合的局地化分析方法（Fuzzy Analysis, FA）。在强非线性Lorenz-96模型中,对不同模型误差下的LA和FA方法进行了性能优劣方面的探讨,并比较分析了2种方法在集合数、观测数和观测位置、放大因子以及强迫参数变化时的同化性能。实验采用均方根误差作为算法评判依据,同时用功率谱密度（Power Spectral Density, PSD）更直接地对2种算法性能优劣作出了评价。结果表明：在完美模型下,FA相对于LA降低了17.5%的均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error, RMSE）;随着模型误差增大,RMSE减小的百分比和减小幅度都在降低;在严重模型误差下,FA降低了8.6%的RMSE。总体而言,新算法FA的有效性和鲁棒性都得到了验证,并且在EnKF同化基础下有效改进了传统的局地化分析方案,优化了观测误差处理,为今后的数据同化研究提供了一个较为全面的观测误差研究平台。     

基于集合卡尔曼变换的区域集合预报初步研究

为了深入研究集合卡尔曼变换(Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter,ETKF)初值扰动方法,提高集合预报质量,从全球大集合预报资料中提取初始扰动场,建立区域模式的ETKF初值扰动方案,对2008年7月22日发生在中国东部的一次暴雨过程进行集合预报试验,并分析ETKF方案构造的扰动场特征和集合预报效果。结果表明,由ETKF初始扰动方案产生的扰动场大小与分布合理,能够反映观测站点的空间分布,能够保持所有正交、不相关方向的误差方差。集合预报降水落区相对控制预报有所改善,集合平均小雨和中雨TS评分和BS评分总体优于控制预报。24h集合预报的Talagrand分布优于36h预报。试验结果揭示了ETKF初值扰动方案的基本性质及利用ETKF方法进行区域集合预报的可行性。     

A homogeneous linear estimation method for system error in data assimilation

In this paper, a new bias estimation method is proposed and applied in a regional ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The method is based on a homogeneous linear bias model, and the model bias is estimated using statistics at each assimilation cycle, which is different from the state augmentation methods proposed in previous literatures. The new method provides a good estimation for the model bias of some specific variables, such as sea level pressure (SLP). A series of numerical experiments with EnKF are performed to examine the new method under a severe weather condition. Results show the positive effect of the method on the forecasting of circulation pattern and meso-scale systems, and the reduction of analysis errors. The background error covariance structures of surface variables and the effects of model system bias on EnKF are also studied under the error covariance structures and a new concept ‘correlation scale’ is introduced. However, the new method needs further evaluation with more cases of assimilation.     

Assimilation of high frequency radar data into a shelf sea circulation model

High Frequency (HF) radar current data is assimilated into a shelf sea circulation model based on optimal interpolation (OI) method. The purpose of this work is to develop a real-time computationally highly efficient assimilation method to improve the forecast of shelf current. Since the true state of the ocean is not known, the specification of background error covariance is arduous. Usually, it is assumed or calculated from an ensemble of model states and is kept in constant. In our method, the spatial covariances of model forecast errors are derived from differences between the adjacent model forecast fields, which serve as the forecast tendencies. The assumption behind this is that forecast errors can resemble forecast tendencies, since variances are large when fields change quickly and small when fields change slowly. The implementation of HF radar data assimilation is found to yield good information for analyses. After assimilation, the root-mean-square error of model decreases significantly. Besides, three assimilation runs with variational observation density are implemented. The comparison of them indicates that the pattern described by observations is much more important than the amount of observations. It is more useful to expand the scope of observations than to increase the spatial interval. From our tests, the spatial interval of observation can be 5 times bigger than that of model grid.     

A background error covariance model of significant wave height employing Monte Carlo simulation

The quality of background error statistics is one of the key components for successful assimilation of observations in a numerical model.The background error covariance(BEC) of ocean waves is generally estimated under an assumption that it is stationary over a period of time and uniform over a domain.However,error statistics are in fact functions of the physical processes governing the meteorological situation and vary with the wave condition.In this paper,we simulated the BEC of the significant wave height(SWH) employing Monte Carlo methods.An interesting result is that the BEC varies consistently with the mean wave direction(MWD).In the model domain,the BEC of the SWH decreases significantly when the MWD changes abruptly.A new BEC model of the SWH based on the correlation between the BEC and MWD was then developed.A case study of regional data assimilation was performed,where the SWH observations of buoy 22001 were used to assess the SWH hindcast.The results show that the new BEC model benefits wave prediction and allows reasonable approximations of anisotropy and inhomogeneous errors.     

基于卡尔曼滤波的D-InSAR和水准监测数据融合方法研究

针对面状监测的D-InSAR技术在沉降最大值附近精度较低,而高精度水准测量只能得到有限个监测点变形值的缺陷,利用集合卡尔曼滤波方法对D-InSAR和水准监测结果进行同化,从而对目标进行高精度面状沉降变形监测。结果表明,基于集合卡尔曼滤波同化结果相比于反演值和D-InSAR监测结果有了很大改善。将该方法应用于济宁邹济公路,经同化值的总均方根误差为17.7 mm,满足高等级公路变形监测的精度要求。     

非线性函数协方差传播的Stein Monte Carlo方法

基于泰勒级数展开的近似函数法在求解非线性函数的中误差时需要进行复杂的导数计算,已有的Monte Carlo法虽然可以避免导数运算,但在模拟次数的选择上不具有客观性,且无法直接控制模拟结果。因此,将Stein两阶段法融入非线性函数的协方差传播理论中,并与Monte Carlo方法结合,设计了一套非线性函数协方差传播的Stein Monte Carlo算法流程。将该方法用于二维多项式函数和GNSS基线向量的协方差传播计算中,实验结果验证了其有效性,为非线性模型协方差传播的计算提供了一种新思路。     

基于改进EEMD的GPS多路径误差建模与削弱方法研究

引入一种改进的集合经验模式分解方法（improved ensemble empirical mode decomposition,IEEMD）进行多路径误差的建模。与EEMD方法相比较,IEEMD方法可以有效地克服模态分量数目不一致和分解不彻底等问题,并将原始序列分解为不同尺度的模态分量。同时,考虑到不同模态分量中高斯白噪声的能量密度与平均周期之积为常数,设计一种自动选择尺度与重构的方法,用于模态分量的选择与重构,进而构建GPS多路径误差模型。在此基础上,采用恒星日滤波技术,进行邻近周日GPS坐标序列中多路径误差的实时削弱。实验结果表明,采用同样的尺度选择方法和恒星日滤波技术,使用IEEMD方法可以得到比EEMD方法精度更高的GPS坐标序列。     

基于Bayes理论的星间链路自主定轨误差评估方法

针对导航星座自主运行期间因缺乏外部基准而导致自主定轨结果不能得到有效评估的问题,提出一种基于Bayes理论的自主定轨结果评估方法。一方面充分考虑定轨误差的先验统计特性,以提供先验位置基准;另一方面以卡尔曼滤波中定轨协方差的迹作为定轨URE的表征量,解决了自主定轨中对定轨误差没有观测信息的问题。利用自主定轨的仿真数据对该方法进行验证,结果表明,对于单颗卫星,在24 d内,由该方法得到的URE估计误差不超过±0.5 m,验证了该方法的可行性。