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This paper provides some additional evidence supporting the necessary (but insufficient) condition for the formation of stream meandering proposed by Nakagawa: where Me is a non-dimensional parameter, τs, and τb are the average bank and bed shear stress respectively, ps and pb are the average bank and bed wetted perimeter of a half-channel respectively, and K?0.2 is the critical value of the parameter estimated from experimental data. Provided the criterion is satisfied, the main thread of the stream meanders in the non-erodible channel, and the maximum amplitude amax, the angle a between the channel central axis and oblique crest line of the surface wave, and the mean wavelength L of the main thread decrease as the non-dimensional parameter Me increases. 相似文献
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爆破对岩爆产生作用的初步探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
几个典型工程实例表明,岩爆发生的控制性因素主要是应力与岩性的关系,开挖爆破对岩爆的发生起着某种重要的作用,但这种作用一直未得到充分地认识。文章分析了开挖爆破产生的应力波在围岩中的传播及对围岩的影响:爆破产生的P波和Rayleigh波将分别在围岩中形成垂直和平行于围岩表面的拉张破裂面,这些破裂面可能是微观的,也可能是宏观的,它们为岩爆的发生提供了物质基础。文章最后通过岩爆实例及深井稳定性问题指出:开挖爆破不仅是岩爆的诱发性因素,在某条件下而且是一种控制性因素。 相似文献
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Atle Nesje 《GeoJournal》1992,27(4):383-391
The most common approaches used to calculate the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) on former glaciers are: a) the maximum elevation of lateral moraines (MELM), b) the median elevation of glaciers (MEG), c) the toe-to-headwall altitude ratio (THAR), and d) the ratio of the accumulation area to the total area (AAR), of which the AAR method is considered to be the most accurate.A theoretical evaluation of the AAR approach, using changing slope angles and valley morphology on idealized glaciers at two different positions, shows that glaciers advancing into flat areas underestimate the ELA depression, while glaciers moving into areas of increasing slope angle, overestimate the ELA difference. Therefore, topographical and morphological effects on calculated ELA depressions on glaciers must be carefully evaluated. 相似文献
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基于Mamdani FIS模型的滑坡易发性评价研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
滑坡的形成是众多非线性关系的影响因子相互作用的结果,传统滑坡预测方法需要大量实地勘查数据。利用Mamdani FIS(模糊推理系统)模型对三峡库区巴东-秭归段进行滑坡易发性预测,并对结果进行评价。通过地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)、遥感(remote sensing,RS)技术和区域地质背景资料获取地形类、生态环境类和地质背景类共3类7种滑坡影响因子,建立了192条相关的推理规则,在Matlab平台下基于Mamdani FIS模型得到研究区滑坡易发性预测指数,并生成滑坡易发性区划图。预测结果的受试者工作特征曲线下的面积值为82.8%,显示滑坡评估效果良好。结果证明,与其他模型相比,基于空间信息技术的Mamdani FIS模型,利用其非线性分析能力和基于专家意见的推理规则,评估滑坡易发性时不需要先验知识支撑,简化了模型使用时对数据的要求。另外,该模型只需通过专家意见改变推理规则就可以应用于不同的地质地理环境区域,显示其较强的适应性。 相似文献
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隧道衬砌冻胀压力问题研究 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
冻胀压力的量值和分布不仅取决于围岩的性态和气象条件,而且同衬砌结构的材料、刚度以及施工质量密切相关,从岩石和土层两种围岩中衬砌承受冻胀压力的机理出发,探讨其计算方法.通过计算分析,对寒冷地区隧道衬砌的设计和施工提出了若干建议. 相似文献