广西临桂极端大风天气过程的中尺度特征分析

利用常规观测资料、桂林多普勒天气雷达资料,对2019年3月21日夜间广西桂林市临桂区极端大风天气过程的气象要素变化特征、对流潜势和对流风暴的中尺度特征进行分析。结果表明,这是一次由超级单体造成的下击暴流过程,极端大风出现在最强分钟降水之前,气压在极端大风出现前后变化剧烈;过程发生在冷锋前低空急流前端的不稳定层结下,地面中尺度辐合中心触发对流,在强的风切变环境下迅速发展成超级单体风暴;雷达图上具有前侧入流缺口、后侧弱回波通道、回波悬垂、强中气旋、地面强辐散等特征;雷达提前一小时识别出TVS,在今后的临近预警中值得高度重视。     

淮安一次强风雹天气超级单体风暴观测分析北大核心

利用常规观测资料、ERA5再分析资料、多普勒天气雷达和双线偏振雷达以及自动站分钟级数据,通过诊断分析和风场反演,对2021年4月30日17—19时淮安地区发生的极端风雹天气的两个超级单体结构特征、维持机制和极端大风进行原因分析。结果表明:在500~700 hPa偏北急流背景下,地面强辐合中心和辐合区促使对流单体增强为超级单体风暴。淮安基准站的极端大风由超级单体A产生的下击暴流事件引发,表现为明显的风暴质心高度、最强回波高度和中气旋底高的下降,近地面层辐散风场等特征。产生强降雹的超级单体B最大反射率因子高度、风暴质心高度以及中气旋最强切变高度均达到湿球温度-20℃层高度以上。极端大风产生的原因包括强冰雹和大降水粒子下落过程中的重力拖曳和融化蒸发冷却,以及负浮力和低层强中气旋产生的垂直扰动气压梯度力。     

一次强风雹天气的干侵入作用及雷达回波特征分析

利用6小时NCEP 0.25°×0.25°再分析资料、常规观测资料和多普勒雷达资料等，对2018年6月13日发生在河南省北部地区的一次风雹天气过程进行诊断分析，结果表明：（1）此次强风雹天气发生在华北冷涡后部西北气流中，强天气发生前大气整层较为干燥，冷涡后部横槽南下，自上而下带来干冷空气，低层水汽辐合与午后地面高温共同作用，形成上干冷下暖湿的不稳定层结；（2）地面辐合线和弱冷锋是此次风雹天气的触发机制；（3）对流单体在干侵入的一侧首先发展加强，随后在地面辐合线附近不断产生小的对流单体，对流单体合并后进一步加强，逐渐形成弓形回波带,大风出现在回波带前侧地面辐合线附近，冰雹出现在中气旋左侧区域;（4）对流单体的移动方向与地面辐合线一致，地面辐合线稳定少动有利于对流系统的增强，地面辐合线断裂后对流系统迅速减弱消亡。这些结论为强风雹短临预报预警提供了参考依据。     

广西一次飑线大风天气的成因和预警分析

本文利用常规探测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料、自动站观测资料等对2013年3月27-28日发生在广西的一次飑线大风天气过程进行跟踪及监测预警,对其大尺度环流背景、雷达回波特征以及灾害性大风形成原因进行了较为详细的分析与研究。结果表明:此次飑线过程是由高空冷槽与地面高压后部形势所引起的;假相当位温、T-logp图等分析表明广西上空具有较好的热力、动力条件;地面辐合线触发初始对流活动;发展成熟的飑线地面气压场上存在雷暴高压、飑前低压和飑后低压等中尺度特征;飑线大风等灾害性天气出现在地面高压前侧气压梯度大值区和飑线的断裂处;雷达图像上中层径向辐合、反射率因子核心和中层风速大值区逐渐降低以及垂直风廓线图中低层风的转变等特征信息对地面大风天气临近预警有较好的指示意义;降水粒子的拖曳作用和飑线的快速移动都对地面大风的产生及增幅有一定的作用。     

一次春季江淮气旋混合型对流天气特征及成因分析

采用天气雷达、高空地面观测、1°×1°NCEP再分析场资料,分析一次春季江淮气旋形成发展过程中混合型(冰雹、大风、短时强降水)对流天气特征,初步解释了不同类型对流天气形成发展的原因。结果表明:不同类型强对流天气在时空分布和对流特征上存在差异,其中局地冰雹主要由气旋形成阶段离散对流线产生,带状短时强降水由气旋形成阶段人字形对流线上及发展阶段S形对流线后部的列车线/邻接层状云类中尺度对流系统(MCS)产生,大范围大风主要由江淮气旋发展阶段S形对流线上尾随层状云降水类MCS产生。江淮气旋是大尺度天气系统斜压发展的结果,对流活动使锋面低层辐合增强,对气旋形成发展有加强作用。强对流天气的产生与江淮气旋动力热力场有密切关系。气旋形成阶段,西南涡结合山区地形提供了有利于鄂西南大冰雹形成的环境场,暖式切变线以及气旋发展阶段受南支槽影响的冷式切变线,提供有利于风暴列车效应形成的环境场而产生短时强降水;气旋发展阶段,冷式切变线提供有利于后部入流急流形成的环境场而产生大范围大风。     

2019年5月北京一次强降水超级单体特征及成因分析

利用地面加密站、雷达、微波辐射计和欧洲中心(ERA-interim)逐6 h等多种观测资料,对2019年5月17日北京通州区出现局地极端强降水、雷暴大风和大冰雹天气过程进行分析.结果表明:强降水超级单体是造成本次强对流天气的直接系统,雷达回波可识别出典型特征.午后在地面和超低空北京南部出现小的热低压系统,使得东南风显著...     

双偏振雷达在毕节一次强风暴中的特征分析

利用习水C波段双偏振雷达和常规气象观测资料对2021年5月9日发生在毕节的一次冰雹和雷暴大风强对流天气特征进行分析,结果表明：上干冷下暖湿层结使得毕节大气层结极不稳定,午后地面辐合线叠加露点锋抬升触发对流形成有组织性的多单体强风暴。反射率因子表现出典型强风暴型雷暴单体特征,有利于大冰雹的生成和发展。双偏振雷达参量Z_DR和CC能有效识别降水粒子类型,其中已识别冰雹区中相关系数ρ_HV异常低值区能较好地反映出大冰雹或超大冰雹特征。阵风锋的出现以及风暴单体底层的冷池出流是百里杜鹃—黔西一线大风出现的主要原因,配合径向速度图上低层强气旋式辐合使得地面大风加强,造成黔西县出现极端破坏性大风天气。     

一次强飑线过程极端大风的中尺度分析

利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动气象站加密观测资料和GFS 0.25°×0.25°逐6 h的分析场数据以及多普勒雷达、风廓线等资料,通过背景形势场分析、物理量诊断分析和中尺度分析,对2018年3月4日发生在华东地区的强飑线天气过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明,这次过程具有发生时间(季节)早、移速快、范围广、致灾强等特点,是一次比较少见的早春(冬末)十分强烈的飑线天气过程,是在高空急流辐散区、低空西南急流轴前端、低涡南侧的暖区中发展起来的。飑线过程的地面要素变化十分剧烈,地面有强冷池,与飑线前暖空气之间构成了强的水平温度梯度,致使飑线强度更强;飑线经过时气压涌升所形成的雷暴高压、强气压梯度以及飑线的快速移动均有利于地面极端大风的出现。飑线发展过程中观测到弓形回波、超级单体等强天气系统。中高层动量下传和光滑湖面、喇叭口、狭管效应等特殊地形对于大风的增强效应比较显著,这些因素也加剧了地面极端大风的形成。      

呼伦贝尔市中西部一次雷暴、大风天气过程分析

文章利用自动气象站资料、ERA5 0.25°×0.25°再分析资料、卫星云图和多普勒天气雷达观测资料等对2020年8月1日呼伦贝尔市中西部一次雷暴、大风强对流天气过程进行综合分析。结果表明：本次雷暴、大风天气过程是贝加尔湖冷涡和地面中尺度辐合线共同作用下产生的。中低层较大的垂直温度递减率为对流天气的产生提供了不稳定环境条件;地面中尺度辐合线提供了触发条件;08时海拉尔探空曲线上干冷、下暖湿的“喇叭状”特征是雷暴、大风产生的层结条件;中等强度的垂直风切变有利于对流系统的组织化发展。多个中尺度对流云团发展、移动、合并成MCC,TBB的低值区对雷暴、大风发生的位置具有指示意义;水汽图像表征水汽带北侧有暗区触发对流。满洲里和海拉尔天气雷达反射率因子产品呈现多个对流单体不断生成、合并、增强且自西南向东北移动的过程,在回波演变发展过程中出现了有组织性的带状回波,利于强对流天气的发生;径向速度大值区持续时间较长,并出现明显速度模糊和“逆风区”现象,低空大风动量下传作用造成了对流系统所经之处的地面大风;海拉尔天气雷达反射率因子剖面上多个发展强盛且竖直的对流单体横向排列,在径向速度剖面上对流层中层存在径...     

一次雷暴大风的物理环境场和多普勒雷达回波特征

2009年8月27日15-18时,石家庄地区出现雷暴大风等灾害性强对流天气过程,石家庄地区北部新乐县境内的多普勒雷达探测到了此次天气过程中完整的阵风锋、飑线、中气旋等中尺度天气系统,并对此次雷暴大风的环境场和多普勒雷达产品进行分析。结果表明：低层逆温、中低层垂直风切变较强的不稳定层结为强对流天气的发生发展提供了有利的环境条件。阵风锋对对流风暴发展强度具有反馈作用,当二者逐渐远离时,对流风暴强度减弱甚至消亡;当二者逐渐靠近时,对流风暴发展加强,甚至发展为超级单体对流风暴。多单体对流风暴带状排列构成飑线系统,所经测站出现风速突增、风向急转、气压涌升、气温下降,钩状回波、人字型回波、弓形回波和深厚持久发展的中气旋是本次天气过程中的超级单体对流风暴所具有的典型特征。地面破坏性大风主要由超级单体对流风暴所引发。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.