塔北隆起X型走滑断裂成因机制的新解释

塔里木盆地塔北隆起发育两组呈小角度相交(40°)的透入性X型走滑断裂,分别沿着NNE走向和NNW延伸。在对塔北哈拉哈塘地区三维地震资料解释的基础上,对走滑断层的几何展布特征以及断层的剖面变形特征进行研究;同时重点解析了RP6断裂和HA13断裂,分析比较NNW向与NNE向断层的变形及发育特征差异;结合盆地重磁资料以及周缘造山带的活动特征,对塔北隆起小角度的X型走滑断层的发育机制以及演化进行了分析。研究表明,塔北隆起走滑断层在垂向上具有明显的分层变形特征,分为三个构造层:震旦系-中寒武统下构造层(TH₃界面以下)、上寒武统-中奥陶统中构造层(TH₃-TO₃t界面)和上奥陶统-石炭系上构造层(TO₃t-TP界面)。断层在下构造层和中构造层中整体处于压扭环境,多发育正花状构造;上构造层中断层主要发育负花状构造或正断层,整体处于张扭环境。两组断裂比较,NNW向断裂活动性强,在各构造层中均有显著的断裂特征发育,垂向连通性强,发育先存基底断裂,而NE向断层主要发育在中构造层,在下构造层和上构造层中断层发育不明显。活动性分析表明,断层的形成与演化具有多期性,走滑断层的形成经历了三期主要活动:中寒武世末、中晚奥陶世和志留纪-石炭纪。塔北隆起X型走滑断裂的形成受到了NNW向基底断裂和薄弱带的控制,NNW向先存基底断裂带或薄弱带优先发育走滑断裂,基底断裂与主挤压应力方向的夹角小于45°-Φ/2,NNE断层的发育受NNW向先存断裂限制,最终形成小角度相交的X型断裂。     

四川盆地川中地区走滑断裂的分布、类型与成因

近期研究发现四川克拉通盆地内存在大型走滑断裂带,是断控油气藏勘探开发的有利新领域,走滑断裂的分布与成因对油气目标评价具有重要意义。本文在三维结合二维地震资料解释的基础上,分析走滑断裂的分布与成因类型,并探讨走滑断裂的形成机制。结果表明,川中三维地震工区发育北西向走向为主的大型板内走滑断裂系统;走滑断裂呈雁列、斜列的不连续的带状分布,断裂发育成熟度低,具有断裂样式的多样性与分层分布的差异性;四川盆地存在川中克拉通内走滑断层、川东南帚状走滑构造、川东调节走滑带、川东北楔入走滑带、川西北斜向冲断走滑带等5个地区发育5种类型走滑断裂带;走滑断裂形成于震旦系灯影组沉积晚期,受控于原特提斯洋俯冲背景下的斜向伸展作用,基底北西向先存断裂构造复活,形成了调节斜向伸展裂陷槽的川中板内走滑断裂系统。结果揭示克拉通盆地可能发育大型的板内走滑断裂系统,不同于常规的板缘与板内调节走滑断裂系统。     

四川盆地中部高石梯—磨溪地区FI9走滑断裂带构造特征与演化

四川盆地中部高石梯-磨溪地区已识别出多组走滑断裂,为深化川中地区走滑断裂的构造几何学与运动学特征认识,基于川中地区深钻井及高精度三维地震资料,详细刻画高石梯-磨溪地区FI9走滑断裂带的构造几何学特征,建立断层三维构造模型.通过构造回剥反演重建其形成演化过程.FI9走滑断裂带整体为近东西走向,延伸长度60 km,表现为右行张扭性走滑断层.断裂带在平面上发育马尾构造、线性构造、斜列构造、叠覆构造,具有明显的分段特征;剖面上发育高陡线性构造、“Y”字形构造、花状构造等典型走滑构造样式.断裂带由7条主干断层组成,各断层片的规模、展布、倾向以及相互之间的连接方式等存在差异.FI9走滑断裂带在基底先存断裂的基础上,经历了3期构造叠加活动：晚震旦世-早加里东期的雏形发育阶段、晚加里东期-早海西期的强烈活动阶段以及晚二叠世的局部复活阶段.断层在元古界-下古生界中具有不同的生长模式：（1）断层由基底逐渐向上生长,上下地层断距一致或逐渐减小;（2）断层核部位于下古生界中,断层在活动期逐渐向上、下扩展,在下古生界中断距最大.     

埕北凹陷及邻区新生代断裂体系与构造格局

基于"海-陆"探区资料的整合,在断裂体系精细刻画的基础上,对埕北凹陷及邻区新生代断层发育的时空差异性进行了研究,并结合区域构造背景,就其构造格局的演化过程进行了探讨。研究结果表明:埕北地区及邻区新生代断裂体系发育特征体现了继承与改造并存,拉张与走滑叠加的效应。孔店组-沙三段沉积期,中生代先存的NW向埕北断层继承性活动,控制了盆地北东断南西超的构造格局;沙二段-东营组沉积期,在郯庐断裂带大规模右旋走滑所派生的NNW-SSE向拉张及区域近N-S向拉张作用下,发育了一系列NEE向张性断层对先期的构造格局进行了改造,同时,NW向断层受到斜向拉伸持续活动,与NEE向断层共同控制该时期的构造格局;进入新近纪,盆地由裂陷转变为拗陷沉降,断层垂向活动基本停止,取而代之的是NW向和NE向断裂体系的强烈走滑活动,它们的共轭走滑效应决定了该时期的构造面貌。先存断裂的存在及郯庐断裂的右旋走滑活动是控制盆地构造格局演化的关键因素,依据盆地各时期的演化特征的不同,可以将其划分为继承断陷期、改造断陷期和走滑拗陷期三个阶段。明确该地区构造格局的叠合与改造关系对于认识济阳坳陷和渤中坳陷的构造转换关系以及该区的油气勘探都具有重要意义。     

塔里木盆地顺南地区走滑断裂发育特征及演化

顺南地区位于塔里木盆地塔中隆起北部.受多期构造应力影响,该地区以走滑断裂大量发育为典型特征.对三维地震资料的精细解释和深入分析结果表明,研究区走滑断裂具有垂向分层、平面分段、多期次构造叠加的特征.顺南地区主要发育北东、北东东和北西向3组走滑断裂.北东向断裂活动性强,平面上发育雁列式断层及马尾状构造,剖面上主要发育对称花状、正花状与负花状上下分层叠置的复合花状构造.北东东和北西向断裂活动性较弱,剖面上以单条直立走滑断裂为主,平面上呈线性延伸或由多段同向走滑断层连接而成.根据断层构造样式和受力性质,将顺南1断裂沿走向划分为4段：2个复合花状-拉张段和2个简单花状-挤压段,拉张段和挤压段沿走向交替出现.顺南走滑断裂的形成主要经历了5期构造运动：加里东早期、加里东中期Ⅰ幕、加里东中期Ⅲ幕、加里东晚期-海西早期和海西晚期.其中,加里东中期Ⅰ幕和加里东中期Ⅲ幕为该区主要断层活动期.     

辽东湾JZ27-33区块伸展型右行走滑双重构造系统

辽东湾JZ27-33区块发育3条大型NNE向走滑断裂,分别为辽中3号断裂(或者辽中1号断裂)、辽中2号断裂和辽东2号断裂,在平面上,3条走滑断裂呈"雁行式"展布,其间密集发育具有走滑性质的正断层,这些正断层在平面上成NE或者NEE走向,与主走滑断裂斜交,其锐角的指向为本盘地层在平面上的位移方向;在横剖面上,负花状构造是研究区内的大型走滑断裂在横剖面上的重要特征,综合分析认为,研究区的断裂特征在平面上表现为"双重构造"特征,在横剖面上表现为(负)花状构造,构成了典型的"伸展型右旋走滑双重构造"系统,并且认为,形成这种构造样式的控制因素主要有:郯庐断裂带的右旋走滑作用、平面展布特征、多期构造活动以及能干性特征明显的沉积地层。     

塔里木盆地巴楚隆起东段北东向走滑断裂特征

通过对塔里木盆地巴楚隆起东段地震资料的精细解释,发现研究区发育一系列NE、NEE走向的走滑断裂及逆冲滑脱断裂。主要构造样式有花状构造、平行高陡断裂带、滑脱逆冲叠加走滑断裂等。主要有4期构造活动:加里东中期压扭走滑、海西早期张扭走滑、海西晚期继承压扭走滑、喜山期继承活动。其中,加里东中期Ⅰ幕,开始形成NE走向的撕裂断层-调节断层。加里东中期Ⅲ幕,NE向走滑断裂大规模的沿先存NE向基底薄弱带和NE走向的撕裂断层-调节断层基础上开始发育,同时形成了几组NEE向压扭断裂带。加里东晚期海西早期,沿先存走滑断裂继承发育了一系列负花状走滑断裂。海西晚期、喜山期,部分NE向断裂再次开启继承发育。走滑断裂对碳酸盐岩储集层具强烈的改造作用,具备发育多种圈闭类型的潜力,是油气藏保存和再调整的关键因素。     

蒙古戈壁天山断裂带晚新生代构造变形与构造地貌研究

跨越中蒙边境线的戈壁天山断裂带是一条大型左旋走滑断裂带,东西展布约700 km。通过解译分析Landsat ETM卫星遥感影像和SRTM数字高程模型(DEM)数据,对戈壁天山断裂带晚新生代构造活动及其地貌特征进行了研究。结果表明,沿戈壁天山断裂带发育了一系列断层陡坎、系统的水系错位、挤压脊等典型的走滑构造地貌类型。遥感影像解译结果还显示3处系统水系错位,均受戈壁天山断裂左旋走滑运动的影响,表现出系统的左旋水平位错。结合历史地震数据、先存的基底构造和断层系统,本区地震活动性呈现出不可预测性和复杂性。此外,发育在断裂带上的3个大型挤压脊构造中:Karlik Tagh和Gurvan Sayhan就位于走滑断裂的终端,其走滑分量减弱并逐渐转为以逆冲分量为主的构造特征。Nemegt Uul位于2条不连续的走滑断裂的汇合和叠置部位。走滑断层均穿过了挤压脊构造,同时伴随有逆冲作用分量,造成了挤压脊沿走向和垂直走向上的构造地貌生长,显示了是陆内造山带演化的重要过程。     

板内小位移走滑断裂特征解析：以塔里木、四川及鄂尔多斯盆地为例

板内小位移走滑断裂在全球广泛发育,对沉积盆地油气运聚成藏和差异富集具有重要控制作用.在对我国中西部三大含油气盆地内部小位移走滑断裂几何学特征对比分析基础上,揭示了塔里木、四川及鄂尔多斯盆地小位移走滑断裂平剖面特征和走滑构造样式的共性及差异性,进而结合区域动力背景分析了上述三大叠合盆地内部小位移走滑断裂的成因演化.研究表明：（1）我国中西部塔里木、四川和鄂尔多斯盆地小位移走滑断裂十分发育,塔里木盆地主要发育于盆地中北部地区及巴楚隆起、四川盆地主要发育于盆地腹部地区、鄂尔多斯盆地主要发育于南部地区和北部杭锦旗地区;（2）三大盆地走滑断裂线形特征明显,但平面展布具有很大差异,塔里木盆地中北部可划分出5个特征迥异的走滑断裂发育区、四川盆地腹部走滑断裂呈不规则网状、鄂尔多斯盆地泾河地区走滑断裂主要呈北东东向、局部呈北西向.（3）三大盆地走滑断裂剖面均呈高陡产状,均发育纯走滑、张扭、压扭及叠加/反转等走滑构造,其中塔里木盆地花状和直立状走滑断裂均比较普遍;四川盆地腹部走滑断裂多为直立状,花状相对偏少;鄂尔多斯盆地泾河地区走滑断裂多呈复合花状或“花上花”特征且走滑反转特征典型.（4）塔里木、四川及鄂...     

塔里木盆地顺北及邻区走滑断裂体系差异发育特征及成因机制探讨

塔里木克拉通盆地内部走滑断裂体系滑移距小、变形弱、埋深大，其成因机制一直以来是构造领域研究的热点和难点问题。基于高密度三维地震新资料，开展了顺北及邻区系统编图和走滑断裂精细解析工作，对比解剖和明确了顺北东区和顺北西区走滑断裂体系的差异发育特征及活动规律，并探讨了其成因机制。结果表明：顺北东区发育约NE30°走向近平行主次级走滑断裂体系，深部主干走滑断裂变形强于次级走滑断裂且自西向东挤压程度增强，上覆雁列断层活动整体呈现自西向东增强的变化；顺北西区走滑断裂体系南北差异明显，北部以一组由塔北隆起向南延伸减弱的NW向断裂体系发育为主，南部以一组数量多、密度大、多期活动的约NE15°走向断裂发育为主。顺北地区走滑断裂体系“南北分区展布、东西差异活动、多段拼接生长”的发育特征，揭示其由多套形成于不同区域应力场下的走滑断裂体系分区差异展布并向腹部延伸对接而成，推测这与晚奥陶世盆缘受到多方向挤压的构造事件有关。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of