东海异养细菌生产力的时空分布

1997年 2— 3月和 1 998年 7月 ,在东海海区乘“科学一号”考察船进行两个航次的调查 ,利用异养细菌特异示踪物 [甲基 - 3H]胸腺嘧啶核苷 (3H -Tdr)并入DNA的速率测定东海 (2 7°— 32°N ,1 2 2°— 1 30°E)异养细菌生产力 (BP)。结果表明 ,1 997年 2— 3月 (冬季 )异养细菌生产力较低 [0 46— 2 62 μgC/(L·h) ],1 998年 7月 (夏季 )异养细菌生产力较高 [3 50—1 5 70 μgC/(L·h) ]。冬季和夏季在长江口和 41 0站附近都有一个异养细菌生产力的高值区。通过两个连续站的昼夜观测发现冬季异养细菌生产力变化是底层 >中层 >表层 ,夏季是中层>底层 >表层。异养细菌生产力与初级生产力 (PP)之比 ,即BP PP ,冬季的均值为 0 1 7(0 0 4— 0 30 ) ,夏季的均值为 0 32 (0 2 1— 0 43)。BP PP冬季的高值区在长江口附近 ,夏季的高值区在 1 1 1站附近 ,这与长江冲淡水有密切相关。     

东海大陆架异养细菌的生态分布

从海洋物质循环的观点来看,异养细菌在分解有机物质和无机化过程中起着极重要的作用。从海洋食物链的角度来看,分解各种类型有机物而得以增殖的异养细菌自身也是海洋原生动物、浮游动物及底栖动物的营养源。异养细菌在海洋生态系中占有极重要的位置。对海洋中某些细菌的代谢活动与其他海洋生物之间的相互关系的研究日益受到普遍的重视。 海洋异养细菌的生态分布资料已有不少报道。但至今尚未有人发表过东海大陆架海域海洋微生物生态调查的报告。东海大陆架海域江河交汇人海,大陆对海洋的影响极为突出,水文和底质情况复杂,水产资源丰富,因而特别富有多样化的有机物来源。调查和了解这一海域中异养细薗生态分布规律,并研究其参与物质转化过程的特异性,不仅有助于深入研究海洋生态学问题,而且对于阐述东海大陆架的特点也极有价值。本文着重讨论异养细菌在东海大陆架的生态分布特征及菌群组成的特点。     

珠江口异养细菌时空分布特征及其调控机制

河口是海陆相互作用的重要地带, 往往呈现出独特的生物地球化学过程, 是研究碳循环过程的重要场所。在春季(2015年5月)、夏季(2015年8月)和冬季(2016年1月)分别对珠江口海域异养附生细菌和游离细菌时空分布及其各自高核酸(HNA)、低核酸(LNA)类群的相对贡献进行了调查研究, 并对其调控因子进行了相应探讨。结果表明, 珠江口异养细菌分布具有明显的时空差异。空间分布上, 珠江口异养细菌丰度自河口上游至下游呈递减趋势, 主要与上游污水输入以及珠江径流与高盐外海水在河口内的混合有关; 在雨季, 河口中下游盐度锋面区出现异养细菌丰度和叶绿素a质量浓度的高值区, 锋面区使营养物质停留时间增加, 促进浮游生物生长。垂直方向上, 表层异养细菌丰度略高于底层。时间尺度上, 异养细菌总丰度在春季最高(表层均值为2.94±1.23×10⁹个 •L^-1, 底层为2.81±1.50×10⁹个 •L^-1), 夏季次之(表层均值为2.32±0.43×10⁹个 •L^-1, 底层为1.90±0.50×10⁹个 •L^-1), 冬季最低(表层均值为1.06±0.33×10⁹个 •L^-1, 底层为9.76± 3.44×10⁸个 •L^-1)。珠江口海域异养细菌以附生细菌为主, 占异养细菌总丰度的16.56%~96.19%, 整体分布较稳定, 冬季最高(平均78.65%)、夏季(70.32%)与春季相近(68.17%)。附生细菌以代谢活跃的HNA类群为主, 游离细菌则主要以LNA类群为主, 代谢活性整体相对较低。     

北部湾海域叶绿素a质量浓度时空分布研究

叶绿素a质量浓度是水体富营养化的重要指标,及时和有效地对水体叶绿素a质量浓度进行监测和评价,对环境保护十分必要。本文基于2011年至2016年的卫星遥感数据,分析了北部湾海表叶绿素a质量浓度的时空分布特征。研究结果表明:北部湾叶绿素a质量浓度有明显的月变化和季节性变化,北部湾叶绿素a月平均质量浓度在8月和1月分别达到峰值,北部湾冬季与夏季的叶绿素a季平均质量浓度高于春季和秋季,夏季北部湾海域表层的叶绿素a质量浓度开始迅速升高,秋季北部湾中南部叶绿素a质量浓度呈下降的趋势。在空间分布上,北部湾近岸海域叶绿素a质量浓度平均水平较高,叶绿素a质量浓度高值区集中在湾北部雷州半岛西部沿岸的浅水区海域,而低值区在湾中部以及湾南部的深水区海域。     

利用遥感技术估算南海北部表层异养细菌丰度

常规异养细菌监测方法精度高但费时费力且不能连续观测, 而卫星遥感成本低、可以大面积同步、长时间周期观测, 可与常规方法互补。文章利用南海北部10个航次采集的表层异养细菌丰度和卫星遥感反射率, 采用统计回归的方法建立了异养细菌丰度的遥感模型, 其模型决定系数为0.81, 均方根误差为2.44×10⁸个·L^-1, 平均相对误差为21%, 具有较好表现。利用该模型估算南海北部表层异养细菌丰度, 结果显示: 从珠江河口到南海北部开阔海域, 异养细菌丰度逐渐减小。夏季河口地区平均异养细菌丰度最高, 春季最低; 近岸海域靠近珠江河口西侧的平均异养细菌丰度高于东侧; 冬季陆架地区平均异养细菌丰度最高, 夏季最低; 开阔海域的异养细菌丰度变化幅度较小。     

渤海湾海域浮游细菌的生态研究

研究了2004年8月份和10月份渤海湾水体中异养浮游细菌数量分布及其与生态环境因子的关系。结果显示,8月份异养浮游细菌的数量在(5.7~150)×106cfu/L,最高值出现在海河口附近的6号站位,次高值出现在11站位,此季节细菌总体分布是近岸略高,调查范围的南部比北部高;10月份异养浮游细菌的数量在(3~121)×106cfu/L,最高值和次高值出现在海河口附近的5,6号站位,此季节异养浮游细菌总体分布情况是近岸比远岸高,调查范围的南部比北部高。8月份异养细菌数与溶氧量有明显的相关性;10月份异养细菌数与溶氧量有高度明显的相关性,与生化需氧量、氨氮都有较明显的相关性。     

南海北部微型异养鞭毛虫的时空分布

于2009年7月20日至8月16日(夏季),2010年1月6日至30日(冬季),2010年10月26日至11月24日(秋季)和2011年4月30日至2011年5月24日(春季)在南海北部调查了微型异养鞭毛虫的生态分布特点。结果表明:春、夏、秋、冬的微型异养鞭毛虫丰度分别为0.05×103~1.93×103,0.03×103~2.65×103,0.09×103~2.05×103和0.04×103~1.84×103 cells/mL,生物量(以碳计)分别为0.56~19.50,0.04~24.11,0.96~14.80和0.29~22.26 μg/L。4个季节的微型异养鞭毛虫丰度均以2~5 μm粒级的为主,其所占比例超过65%,10~20 μm粒级所占比例通常低于10%。在水平分布上,微型异养鞭毛虫的丰度随离岸距离的增加逐渐降低;在垂直分布上,微型异养鞭毛虫的丰度随深度的增加逐渐降低,但夏季微型异养鞭毛虫丰度的高值多出现在次表层叶绿素a极大值层(DCM层)。微型异养鞭毛虫的丰度分布受到多重因素的交互影响,并且其所受调控模式在不同季节存在差异:春季和秋季微型异养鞭毛虫主要受下行调控;夏季微型异养鞭毛虫主要受上行调控;冬季上行和下行调控对微型异养鞭毛虫的影响相近。     

秦山核电站邻近水域异养细菌的的丰度及分布特征

本文描述了1989年4月～1990年4月在秦山核电站邻近海域异养细菌的调查研究,结果表明:水样中细菌量较高,年平均为10~5个/dm~3,而沉积样中菌数较低,仅为10~2～10~3个/g。菌群组成均以革兰氏阳性菌为主,优势菌为芽孢杆菌Bacillus,它们对碳水化合物和硝酸盐有较高的分解能力。     

北部湾典型海域关键环境因子的时空分布与影响因素

为研究北部湾典型海域关键环境因子的时空分布及其影响因素, 2016年9月至2017年8月对该海域29个站位进行了多学科月度综合调查,分析了该海域主要理化因子的时空分布特征,探讨了水文及生物因素对关键环境因子分布的影响。结果表明:硝氮(NO_3~--N)、活性磷酸盐(SRP)的时空分布具有一致性,高值区主要出现在近岸钦州湾海域,海峡口临近海域及30m等深线以深海域,各月份总有机碳(TOC)、溶解有机碳(DOC)的表底浓度无明显差异(P0.05),高温季节溶解氧(DO)、pH的低值区主要位于30m等深线以深的底层海域。DO、pH、NO_3~--N、SRP、溶解硅酸盐(DSi)为影响该海域浮游植物生长的关键理化因子。近岸10m等深线以浅的区域I中, NO_3~--N浓度主要受地表径流带来的陆源污染影响,区域II中NO_3~--N、SRP在秋季受到南海水向北入侵影响,春、冬季受来自琼州海峡的混合水影响, 30m等深线以深的区域III中, NO_3~--N、SRP全年受到南海高盐水的影响。在球形棕囊藻囊体丰度较高的2017年2月至3月,有囊体站位表层的NO_3~--N/SRP显著低于底层(P0.01),无囊体站位表底层的NO_3~--N/SRP之间无显著性差异(P0.05),棕囊藻赤潮的生消可能是导致春季NO_3~--N、SRP表底分布出现差异的主要原因。     

广西北部湾海域球形棕囊藻囊体时空分布及其影响因素

为揭示广西北部湾海域球形棕囊藻囊体的时空分布特征,探讨其与水体环境因素的关系,于2016年12月至2017年6月对该海域29个站位进行了6次综合调查。结果表明,调查海域球形棕囊藻囊体丰度介于0—4.09×10~4col/m~3,12月至次年3月囊体丰度较高;西南深水区域囊体丰度呈现逐月递减趋势,而广西和雷州半岛近岸海域囊体丰度呈现先升高再降低的趋势。相关性分析显示该海域囊体丰度与水温、磷酸盐和硅酸盐浓度呈显著负相关(P0.01);与叶绿素a浓度、溶解氧呈显著正相关(P0.01);在局部区域与盐度呈显著正相关(P0.01),与硝酸盐浓度呈显著负相关(P0.01)。典型站位分析结果显示球形棕囊藻囊体丰度的变化趋势与其他浮游植物的相同,而与群落多样性指数的变化趋势相反。球形棕囊藻囊体的时空分布主要取决于环境条件的变化,也会受到其他浮游植物群落结构改变的影响。     

Distribution of meiofaunal abundance in relation to environmental factors in Beibu Gulf, South China Sea

This study aims to explore the distribution of meiofaunal abundance in relation to environmental factors in the Beibu Gulf,a natural semi-enclosed part of the South China Sea,surrounded by China and Vietnam.Meiofauna and ten benthic environmental factors were determined at 27 sampling stations in the Beibu Gulf in four surveys during 2006-2007.The results show a clear geographical trend in meiofaunal abundance,water depth,salinity and clay content.The meiofaunal abundance and the clay content decreased,whereas the water depth and the salinity increased from the north to the south of the Gulf.The percentage of meiofaunal abundance in the 0-2 cm layer increased,whereas in the 2-5 cm and 5-10 cm layers it decreased from the north to the south of the Gulf.Correlation analysis show significant negative correlations between meiofaunal abundance and water depth,benthic temperature,salinity and pH,but significant positive correlations between meiofaunal abundance and dissolved oxygen,chlorophyll a and clay content.     

北部湾养殖牡蛎体内异养细菌数量及其耐药性研究

为了探究北部湾养殖区域香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)体内的异养细菌和弧菌数量及其耐药概况变化, 对不同养殖场牡蛎体内的异养细菌进行分离培养, 并统计其数量, 通过药敏纸片扩散等方法研究了细菌的耐药状况。结果显示: 牡蛎在高死亡率养殖环境中体内的异养细菌[(8.6±0.4)×10⁶CFU·g^-1]和弧菌[(9.5±0.4)×10⁵CFU·g^-1]数量较高, 在中死亡率环境中体内的异养细菌[(6.9±0.2)×10⁶CFU·g^-1]和弧菌[(4.5±0.6)×10⁵CFU·g^-1]数量次之, 在低死亡率养殖环境中体内的异养细菌[(3.3±0.1)×10⁶CFU·g^-1]和弧菌[(2.5±0.6)×10⁵CFU·g^-1]数量最低。耐药细菌主要为革兰氏阴性菌, 对β-内酰胺类(青霉素)、糖肽类(万古霉素)的耐药率较高, 对四环素类(四环素、多西环素)的耐药率次之, 对氨基糖苷类(链霉素、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、新霉素)、大环内酯类(红霉素)、喹诺酮类(诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星)的耐药率较低。在高死亡率环境中牡蛎体内的多重耐药菌占79.7%, 其耐药谱型(48种)较广; 在中度死亡率环境中牡蛎体内的多重耐药菌占66.2%, 其耐药谱型为30种; 在低死亡率环境中牡蛎体内的多重耐药菌占58.4%, 其耐药谱型为17种。本文探究了牡蛎死亡率与其体内异养细菌数量和细菌耐药性的关系, 结果显示牡蛎在高死亡率环境中体内的耐药细菌数量多、耐药谱型较广, 低死亡率环境中牡蛎体内的耐药细菌数量较少, 异养细菌数量与牡蛎死亡率呈正相关关系, 两者相关系数为0.996。     

北部湾沉积物中重金属元素的地球化学特征及物源初探

本文根据北部湾沉积物岩心样调查结果计算了铜、铅、锌、镉、汞、砷等重金属元素的背景值,并分析了其与南海陆架区和南海全海域沉积物背景值、广西土壤背景值之间的差异.对北部湾表层沉积物中重金属含量及近10 a的变化趋势以及岩心样中重金属元素含量近百年以来的变化趋势综合分析结果表明:北部湾近岸海域沉积物中铜、砷、汞、镉重金属元素含量总体呈增长趋势,北部湾中部海域沉积物中重金属元素含量的年际变化有升有降,至湾口处沉积物中重金属元素的含量基本不变.综合评价结果表明,北部湾近岸沉积物中砷、汞、镉等重金属元素的地球化学特征明显受到广西人类活动的影响.北部湾沉积物中的重金属元素主要来源于人类活动影响下的广西沿岸陆源输入,经由琼州海峡的外部海域物质输入也有贡献.     

北部湾北部海域潜在低氧分布及影响研究

通过对2011年北部湾北部海域春季和夏季溶解氧（DO）及其他环境要素进行分析讨论,发现DO的季节性差异较大,春季DO含量（平均8.11 mg/L）明显高于夏季（平均6.05 mg/L）。夏季北部湾底层部分区域存在DO低值,该低值区常年存在,并且DO最低值逐渐降低、低值区范围逐渐扩大。利用相关性分析和灰色关联度分析的方法,对夏季底层DO低值的成因进行分析发现：夏季底层水体浮游植物产氧作用较弱,海水层化作用强,阻碍了表底层DO的交换;另外底层有机质分解的耗氧作用明显,出现了氧气的净消耗,由此导致夏季底层水体出现DO的低值。同时,由于2011年之后北部湾北部海域陆源污染排放和赤潮的频发使得该海域低氧状况加剧,潜在低氧区逐渐发展为低氧区。     

The new institutional arrangements for fisheries management in Beibu Gulf

China and Vietnam have recently signed two bilateral agreements to deal with maritime issues in Beibu Gulf. One is the maritime boundary delimitation agreement, and the other the fisheries agreement. The two parties have also formulated a supplementary protocol to the latter agreement. All of them have entered into force on 30 June 2004. This article introduces the new arrangements for fisheries management initiated by the two countries, focusing especially on the Joint Fishery Committee established by the two parties, the contracting waters covered by the fisheries agreement, and the conservation and management measures for the Gulf's fisheries. The challenges likely confronted by China after this institutional change takes place are analyzed. A brief comparison is drawn among the three effectual fisheries agreements signed by China, respectively, with Japan, South Korea and Vietnam. Finally, as for the future of fisheries management in the Gulf some recommendations are made.     

Composition and ecological distribution of ichthyoplankton in eastern Beibu Gulf

Surveys were conducted in four seasons in the eastern Beibu Gulf from July 2006 to November 2007,to determine the ichthyoplankton composition,abundance,as well as environmental factors impacted on their spatiotemporal distributions.The fish eggs and larvae were sorted from 303 zooplankton quantitative samples,in which at least 1 order,60 families,31 genera and 61 species of fish eggs and larvae were identified.The species number was highest in summer whereas lowest in winter.With the most abundant fish egg (the average density was 2.41 ind./m 3),spring was the main spawning season,while the greatest mean density of fish larva was 1.35 ind./m 3 in summer.In the whole year around,fish eggs had the trends to aggregate in the nearshore of Guangxi coast,fish larvae were more abundant in the northern water.Relationships between fish eggs and larvae abundance and environmental factors were analyzed by using the Yield-Density model.The spatiotemporal distribution of ichthyoplankton in eastern Beibu Gulf was closely related to the Chl a concentration,and the optimal temperature,salinity and Chl a were 19.4-21.7 C,31.8-33.1 and 1.5-4.8 mg/m 3,respectively.Additionally,the distribution of fish larvae could be effected by ocean currents in summer and autumn.     

Analysis of the spatial and temporal distributions of ecological variables and the nutrient budget in the Beibu Gulf

Based on a hydrodynamic-ecological model, the temperature, salinity, current, phytoplankton(Chl a),zooplankton, and nutrient(dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DIN, and dissolved inorganic phosphorous, DIP)distributions in the Beibu Gulf were simulated and the nutrient budget of 2015 was quantitatively analyzed. The simulated results show that interface processes and monsoons significantly influence the ecological processes in the gulf. The concentrations of DIN, DIP, phytoplankton and zooplankton are generally higher in the eastern and northern gulf than that in the western and southern gulf. The key regions affected by ecological processes are the Qiongzhou Strait in winter and autumn and the estuaries along the Guangxi coast and the Red River in summer.In most of the studied domains, biochemical processes contribute more to the nutrient budget than do physical processes, and the DIN and DIP increase over the year. Phytoplankton plays an important role in the nutrient budget; phytoplankton photosynthetic uptake is the nutrient sink, phytoplankton dead cellular release is the largest source of DIN, and phytoplankton respiration is the largest source of DIP. The nutrient flux in the connected sections of the Beibu Gulf and open South China Sea(SCS) inflows from the east and outflows to the south. There are 113 709 t of DIN and 5 277 t of DIP imported from the open SCS to the gulf year-around.     

Quantitative model of trophic interactions in Beibu Gulf ecosystem in the northern South China Sea

1IntroductionThe Beibu Gulf is a natural semiclosed conti-nental sea of the South China Sea,which is situatedat17°00′~21°45′N,105°40′~110°10′E,and sur-rounded by China and Vietnam(see Fig.1).It hasa subtropic monsoon climate with an average winter     

Intertidal gastropod assemblages shaped by key environmental variables across the northern Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Omanss

Variations in environmental factors can alter the species distribution pattern in intertidal rocky shores. The Persian Gulf (PG) and the Gulf of Oman (GO) vary substantially with respect to environmental and oceanographic conditions. The abundance and biodiversity of intertidal rocky gastropods in five locations across the northern PG and the GO were compared, and the environmental variables underlying the distribution pattern of these organisms were investigated. A total of 67 gastropod species were identified. The largest average density (294 ind./m²) and diversity (N = 43) for gastropods occurred in the Hotel Lipar station (LIP) located in Chabahar Bay in the GO. Clypeomorus bifasciata (107.43 ind./m²) followed by Cerithium caeruleum (94.67 ind./m²) were the most abundant species. Planaxis sulcatus and Siphonaria spp. occurred in all locations during both sampling occasions. Species richness and abundance of gastropods showed significant differences between LIP and remaining locations. A significant difference was found in assemblage structure across locations. In general, the species richness and density in the locations at GO were significantly larger than those locations in the PG, suggesting that the harsh environmental condition in the PG might be the forcing factor for this diminish. Distinct grouping was observed in both assemblage structure and species composition between locations in the PG and the GO. The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of gastropods assemblages were significantly correlated with variation in salinity and substrate rugosity.