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Introduction The 1303 Hongtong earthquake is an important earthquake in the eastern China. There is a lot of information in historical documents about the earthquake and many traces destroyed by the earthquake in the southern Shanxi Province. Many scholars have studied the earthquake from dif-ferent aspects, but mainly limited the definitions of the isoseismal and three factors of the earth-quake. Owing to being limited by the analysis technique, many useful damage information of the earthqu… 相似文献
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The geography information system of the 1303 Hongton M=8 earthquake has been established. Using the spatial analysis function of GIS, the spatial distribution characteristics of
damage and isoseismal of the earthquake are studies. By comparing with the standard earthquake intensity attenuation relationship,
the abnormal damage distribution of the earthquake is found, so the relationship of the abnormal distribution with tectonics,
site condition and basin are analyzed. In this paper, the influence on the ground motion generated by earthquake source and
the underground structures near source also are studied. The influence on seismic zonation, anti-earthquake design, earthquake
prediction and earthquake emergency responding produced by the abnormal density distribution are discussed.
Foundation item: National important fundamental research “The Basic Research of Important Project in Damage Environment” and The important
project “The Seismic Hazard Assessment Research and Anti-earthquake Structure Research” from China Earthquake Administration
during the 10th Five-year Plan.
Contribution No. 04FE1008, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration. 相似文献
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地震发生时刻、震级、极震区烈度评估、烈度衰减关系模型、人员伤亡评估模型、房屋震害矩阵等是影响地震灾害损失计算的主要因素,各因素存在不确定性,导致评估结果与实际结果存在一定差距。文中对2019年6月19日四川长宁6.0级地震灾害损失快速评估精准性进行分析,探讨极震区烈度评估、地震影响场、烈度衰减关系模型、人员伤亡评估模型、房屋震害矩阵对评估结果的影响及与真实结果存在的偏差,结果表明,提高地震影响场评估、人口、房屋建筑等数据空间分布精准性,是提高地震灾害损失快速评估系统精准性的基础和前提。 相似文献
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在地震危险性分析或者地震损失分布评估中,需要考虑地震损失的空间相关性的影响。目前对地震损失空间相关性的研究,主要是基于经验或半经验的方法,没有经过实际地震损失分布的验证。本文基于2011年东日本大地震收集到的55万条建筑物破坏的详细数据得出了基于实际震害的地震损失随距离关系变化的空间相关性衰减规律,给出了一个基于实际数据的拟合公式,并将其应用于最新开发的基于高精度模拟的巨灾风险分析中。利用北京地区多个地震为算例,研究了实现空间相关性模拟的样本精度问题,并且给出了不同空间相关系数对地震损失分布的影响,从而能为未来的防震减灾工作提供更好的地震损失估计结果。 相似文献
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Based on a simplified media model of Gonghe area, the precursor characteristics of Gonghe M7.0 earthquake in 1990 are simulated in this paper by using the constitutive relationship of binary medium (solid and water).
The results show that the simulated state distribution and extension variation of media are identical with the spatial and
temporal distribution of reliable anomalies before Gonghe earthquake. The study also suggests that the development of the
Gonghe earthquake has experienced a series of processes such as elastic deformation of large scale, early nonelastic dilatation,
strain softening and elastic recovery in the neighbour region of Xining, nonelastic dilatation of high dense block near seismic
source and earthquake occurrence. Therefore, it can be concluded that this earthquake development is neither a simple process
for fissures developing and linking up with one another, nor a process of nonelastic volume expansion and water flowing into
medium around seismic source, contrary, it is a complicated medium state changing process, and the style of such changing
depends on geological structure environment of seismic source and its neighbour region. It is considered that different earthquakes
are accompanied by different geological conditions, the spatial and temporal behavior of their precursors are certainly different. 相似文献
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基于地质统计方法与DEM的地震灾情空间插值研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
历次破坏性地震的震害调查和强震观测资料显示, 地形地貌对地震灾害有着显著的影响. 地震发生后, 为了能够及时、 准确地为地震救灾指挥提供灾情分布信息, 该文借鉴了地质统计学方法, 利用灾情速报人员上报的地震现场离散点灾情短信对灾区进行灾情空间模拟的同时, 将数学高程模型(DEM)中所包含的高程、 坡度等地形地貌信息作为影响因素引入协克里金(Co-Kriging)插值; 并以汶川MS8.0地震灾情短信数据为例, 分别对确定性插值、 地质统计学插值结果与有无考虑坡度因素的地质统计学插值结果进行了交叉检验. 结果表明, 考虑坡度影响因素的协克里金插值在合适的模型和参数下取得了最优的灾情模拟效果. 该方法为地震应急期间进行较高精度的灾情模拟提供了一种新的可行思路. 相似文献
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In the analysis and design of important structures with relatively long life spans, there is a need to generate strong motion data for possible large events. The source of an earthquake is characterized by the spatial distribution of slip on the fault plane. For future events, this is unknown. In this paper, a stochastic earthquake source model is developed to address this issue. Here, 1D and 2D stochastic models for slip distribution developed by Lavallée et al.(2006) are used. The random field associated with the slip distribution is heavy-tailed stable distribution which can be used for large events. Using 236 past rupture models, the spectral scaling parameter and the four stable or Levy's parameters against empirical relationship for known quantities like magnitude or fault length are developed. The model is validated with data from 411 stations of 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. The simulated response spectrum showed good agreement to actual data. Further the proposed model is used to generate ground motion for the 1993 Killari Earthquake where strong motion data is not available. The simulated mean peak ground velocity was in turn related to the intensity(MSK) and compared against values in the literature. 相似文献
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The spatial damage distribution of August 16, 2003, Inner Mongolia, China, M
S=5.9 earthquake is summarized through field investigation. The moment tensor solution and focal mechanism are inverted using
the digital long-period waveform records of China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN). The relation between the spatial damage
distribution and focal mechanism is analyzed according to the focal mechanism, the aftershock distribution and the spatial
damage distribution. The possible relation between the characteristics of ground motion and the tectonic background of the
source region is discussed in terms of the global ground motion records, historical earthquake documents and the damage distribution.
Investigation reveals that the meizoseismal region is in east-west direction, which is consistent with the nodal plane of
focal mechanism inversion. The meizoseismal area is relatively large and the damage of single-story adobe houses or masonry
houses is more severe. This may have relations with local seismotectonic environment.
Foundation item: The Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project (2002CB412706).
Contribution No. 05FE3009, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration. 相似文献
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On August 8, 2017, a M7.0 earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province, China, resulting in significant casualties and property damage. Therefore, it is critical to identify the areas of potential aftershocks before reconstruction and re-settling people to avoid future disasters. Based on the elastic dislocation theory and a multi-layered lithospheric model, we calculate the Coulomb failure stress changes caused by the Wenchuan and Jiuzhaigou earthquakes, discuss the relationship between the Mw7.9 Wenchuan and M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquakes, and analyze the influence of the aftershock distribution and stress changes on the major faults in this region caused by the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. The co- and post-seismic stress changes caused by the Wenchuan earthquake significantly increased the stress accumulation at the hypocenter of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Therefore, the occurrence of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake was probably stimulated by the Wenchuan earthquake. The aftershock distribution is well explained by the co-seismic stress changes of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. The stress accumulation and corresponding seismic hazard on the Maqu-Heye segment of the East Kunlun fault and the northern extremity of the Huya fault has been further increased by the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. 相似文献
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强震前地电阻率短期异常特征与识别标志研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从地震信息“场”的概念出发,利用空间线性度方法,对强震近震源区的地电阻率观测资料进行组合计算,得到描述孕震过程中震源区附近新的前兆特征量——空间线性度。本文分析计算了华北地区发生的7次6级以上强震前的地电阻率观测资料,结果表明,强震前半年内震源区附近的空间线性度α有明显的下降异常变化。 相似文献
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马钦忠 《地震科学(英文版)》2008,21(6):618-628
On July 4, 2006, a MS5.1 earthquake occurred in Wen’an county of Hebei Province of which the epicenter is near the Beijing city. The six geoelectric field monitoring stations have been in operation for several years around the Beijing area to examine the relationship between electric field changes and earthquake. This paper firstly explains the principle of the eliminating noise method by using multi-dipole observation system of the geoelectric field. Then the data observed at the stations are studied and a lot of abnormal signals preceding the Wen’an earthquake are selected, of which five abnormal signals of the geoelectric field are finally recognized as the precursory signals. The result shows that ? there probably exists the precursory signals of the geoelectric field preceding the Wen’an earthquake; ? there are sensitive sites in the spatial distribution of the abnormal variation of the geoelectric field before the quack; ? the anomalous signals do not appear synchronously, and their durations are not same at different stations; ? the amplitudes of the abnormal signals recorded at Baodi station are small, but large at Changli station, while the latter is farther from the epicentral area than the former. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,(12)
On August 8, 2017, a M7.0 earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province, China, resulting in significant casualties and property damage. Therefore, it is critical to identify the areas of potential aftershocks before reconstruction and re-settling people to avoid future disasters. Based on the elastic dislocation theory and a multi-layered lithospheric model, we calculate the Coulomb failure stress changes caused by the Wenchuan and Jiuzhaigou earthquakes, discuss the relationship between the Mw7.9 Wenchuan and M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquakes, and analyze the influence of the aftershock distribution and stress changes on the major faults in this region caused by the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. The co-and post-seismic stress changes caused by the Wenchuan earthquake significantly increased the stress accumulation at the hypocenter of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Therefore,the occurrence of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake was probably stimulated by the Wenchuan earthquake. The aftershock distribution is well explained by the co-seismic stress changes of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. The stress accumulation and corresponding seismic hazard on the Maqu-Heye segment of the East Kunlun fault and the northern extremity of the Huya fault has been further increased by the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. 相似文献
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基于有限断层震源、且使用动力学拐角频率的地震动随机模拟方法预测玉树地震近断层的加速度场.首先,基于有限断层震源建模方法建立该次地震的震源模型;然后,基于上述地震动模拟方法预测玉树地震近断层191个节点的加速度时程.在此基础上,取每个结点的加速度峰值绘制该次地震的近断层加速度场.结果表明:(1)近断层加速度场主要受震源破裂过程和断层面上滑动分布的影响.断层面上凹凸体投影到地表的区域附近,加速度峰值最大,也是震害最严重的区域;(2)对于走滑地震,断层沿线附近的场地并非均会发生破裂方向性效应;发生破裂方向性效应的场地与凹凸体在断层面上的位置有关. 相似文献
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In this paper, we calculated the seismic pattern of instrumental recorded small and moderate earthquakes near the epicenter of the 1303 Hongtong M=8 earthquake, Shanxi Province. According to the spatial distribution of small and moderate earthquakes, 6 seismic dense zones are delineated. Temporal distribution of M L≥2 earthquakes since 1970 in each seismic dense zone has been analyzed. Based on temporal distribution characteristics and historical earthquake activity, three types of seismicities are proposed. The relationship between seismic types and crustal medium is analyzed. The mechanism of three types is discussed. Finity of strong earthquake recurrence is proposed. Seismic hazard in mid-long term and diversity of earthquake disaster in Shanxi seismic belt are discussed. 相似文献
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Louise Wedderkopp Bjerrum Kuvvet Atakan Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2010,8(6):1569-1601
The M
w = 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, caused destruction over a wide area. The earthquake cost more than 69,000 lives
and the damage is reported to have left more than 5 million people homeless. It is estimated that 5.36 million buildings were
destroyed and 21 million buildings were damaged in Sichuan and the nearby provinces. Economic losses due to the event are
estimated to be 124 billion USD. From a field reconnaissance trip conducted in October 2008, it is evident that the combination
of several factors, including mountainous landscape, strong ground shaking, extensive landslides and rock-falls, has exacerbated
the human and economic consequences of this earthquake. Extensive damage occurred over a wide area due to the shear size of
the earthquake rupture combined with poor quality building construction. In order to investigate the ground shaking during
the earthquake, we have conducted a strong ground motion simulation study, applying a hybrid broadband frequency technique.
The preliminary results show large spatial variation in the ground shaking, with the strongest ground motions along the fault
plane. The simulation results have been calibrated against the recorded ground motion from several near-field stations in
the area, and acceleration values of the order of 1 g are obtained, similar to what was recorded during the event. Comparison
with the damage distribution observed in the field confirms that the effect of fault rupture complexity on the resulting ground
motion distribution also controls to a large extent the damage distribution. The applied simulation technique provides a promising
platform for predictive studies. 相似文献
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An Ms ~ 6 earthquake, originating at a normal fault directly underneath the town of Kalamata, caused substantial structural damage to reinforced-concrete and masonry buildings, to contemporary as well as centuries-old churches, and to a major harbour quaywall. Two accelerograms were recorded on stiff alluvial deposits. The seismologic and engineering facts of the earthquake are presented in the first half of the paper. Particular attention is paid to the non-uniform pattern of damage distribution, at both regional and local scale. The second half of the paper investigates the possible role of the ‘local soil conditions’ and of the ‘mechanics of the source’ in the observed pattern of damage and in the amplitude and frequency composition of the two records. To this end, numerical modelling of site-specific motions is attempted using state-of-practice methods, and utilizing the results of an extensive geotechnical exploration programme. It is concluded that substantial evidence does exist indicating that both soil and source effects have contributed to the non-uniform spatial distribution of damage. The effect of through-soil ‘filtering’ of the seismic waves appears most evident in the coastal neighbourhoods of the town, where the underlying loose saturated silty sands in the over-50 m-deep soil deposit may have played a beneficial role in weakening the ground-surface shaking; the structural damage in these areas was insignificant. Qualitative arguments are also put forward for explaining some aspects of the observed pattern of damage in terms of fault orientation and ‘directivity’ effects. 相似文献