贵州从江地区花岗质斑岩的地球化学特征

从江地区花岗质斑岩分布于摩花岗岩体的周级,主要有二长花岗斑岩、普通花斑岩、碱长花岗斑岩、混合花岗斑岩４种类型。就岩石化学特征而言,二长花岗斑岩以壳源为主, 幔源成分的壳幔混源成因;普通花岗斑岩属壳源交代成因;而混合花岗斑岩与区内负变质岩的岩石化学成分相似。     

胶东东部中生代中酸性花岗杂岩形成机理

出露在胶东东部地区的中生代中酸性花岗花岩，普遍含有大量的细粒闪长岩类包体，对主体岩石和包体岩石的地质学、岩相学、地球化学以及同位素等方面的综合研究，证实这些主岩是中生代壳幔分层熔融形成的同生壳源岩浆和幔泊岩浆发生混合作用形成混合岩浆，然后通过分离结晶作用形成花岗杂财的不同类型。     

天山石炭-二叠纪后碰撞花岗质岩石地球化学研究

在对前人研究资料综合的基础上,重点对天山造山带不同构造单元中石炭—二叠纪后碰撞花岗岩地球化学特征进行了对比研究,认为天山石炭—二叠纪后碰撞花岗质岩石属高钾钙碱—钾玄岩系列,以钙碱系花岗质岩石类型为主。其中,发育在裂谷带中的石炭—二叠纪花岗质岩石较发育在古微地块中或其边缘的花岗质岩石富MgO、TiO2、Na2O,贫K2O、Nb、Th,两者具有不同的源区。裂谷带中的花岗质岩石多与火山岩同源,由含不同程度壳源组分的壳幔混合源岩浆形成,而古微地块花岗质岩石主要来自壳源。处于同一类构造位置但不同地区的花岗质岩石化学成分也不相同,如天山西端伊犁地块南缘的托木尔峰花岗质岩石较天山中东段南部的库鲁克塔格花岗质岩石富Fe、Mg、K、Nb、Sr,而贫Zr、Ba,它们均是壳源成因,反映了天山东、西地壳基底组分的不同。石炭—二叠纪裂谷带中的花岗质岩石在天山东、西段也有差别,东段的觉罗塔格和博格达花岗质岩石较天山西段伊犁裂谷中的花岗质岩石明显地富Nb、Th而贫Sr、Ba,反映出东、西天山石炭—二叠世花岗岩源区不同。花岗质岩石的正εNd值并不是来源于与基性、超基性岩浆活动有关的幔源组分,而是来自于幔源火山岩浆活动。     

试论辽东地区古元古代壳幔混合杂岩

辽东地区古元古代条痕状花岗质杂岩呈东西向展布于辽东古裂谷带中,侵入辽河群,最高可达大石桥岩组。曾被认为是幔源岩浆结晶分异,或壳源重熔岩浆侵位的产物。岩石化学和地球化学研究表明,杂岩属钙碱性,是以Ｓ型花岗质岩为主的Ｉ型与Ｓ型的混合型花岗岩。杂岩物源主要来源于壳源区火山－沉积岩和壳幔过渡区的玄武岩－沉积岩,是壳幔混合层部分熔融体在伸展机制向挤压机制启动期转化阶段形成的复杂岩石,可称壳幔混合杂岩。     

拆沉作用(delamination)及其壳—幔演化动力学意义

拆沉作用导致下地壳和岩石圈地幔下沉，相应软流圈上涌至壳—幔边界，使下地壳、岩石圈地幔和软流圈三者发生物质交换，引起岩浆作用、山脉隆升、伸展、垮塌，形成坳陷盆地，并最终使大陆地壳向长英质方向演化，产生与其它行星不同的、独一无二的中性安山质或英云闪长质成分。拆沉作用是对经典板块构造理论的重要补充与完善     

伊春地区晚印支期I型花岗岩带特征及其构造背景

晚印支期花岗岩岩石类型主要为一套含角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩及含黑云母正长花岗岩，岩石中暗色闪长质岩包体发育较普遍，富含角闪石及镁质黑云母，副矿物以榍石、磁铁矿、磷灰石常见，Al2O3／（Na2O十K2O＋CaO）〈1．1，显示出I型花岗岩特征。利用岩石矿物组合、岩石化学特征判别其产于碰撞后构造环境，认为造山后伸展体制是这期花岗岩形成的重要原因。岩石（^87 Sr／^86 Sr）；及δEu值反映其源区为壳幔过渡区，氧同位素（δ^18 O）测定值在5．5‰-10‰之间，具壳幔混源的特点，表明岩石来源于下地壳或壳幔过渡部分，与下地壳的部分熔融或壳幔过渡区部分熔融作用有关。     

拉萨地块超钾质岩Mg-Ca同位素特征及其意义

<正>自印度板块与亚欧板块发生碰撞后,晚渐新世至中新世时期位于青藏高原南部的拉萨地块爆发了一次岩浆活动,并广泛发育了一系列超钾质岩。目前超钾质岩来源于富集岩石圈地幔的观点已被广泛接受,但对富集岩石圈地幔源区的形成机制尚存在不同的认识,这种认识的差别主要集中在富集岩石圈地幔是由洋壳物质或是陆壳物质与岩石圈地幔发生交代形成。Mg、Ca同位素在地幔、洋壳物质及陆壳物质这三种储库中均能表现出不同特征,且两种同位素体系之间存在耦合关系;我们选用Mg、Ca同位素来对超钾质岩     

大兴安岭北端阿乌尼地区中生代杂岩体的岩浆混合作用

通过外野地质特征、岩相学、岩石地球化学等方面的研究，从不同的角度论证了大兴安岭阿乌尼地区出露的岩浆杂岩体在成因上具有岩浆混合作用的特点。同位素上具低的Sr初始比值和正的εNd（t）值，明显具有幔源特点，而微量元素相对富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素又具有壳源特征，表明阿乌尼地区的岩浆岩可能是壳幔相互作用的产物。     

华北地区三类岩石圈的壳幔岩石学结构与化学结构及其大陆动力学意义

根据地质和地球物理特征表现出的岩石圈不连续，华北地区可区分出鄂尔多斯克拉通型、燕山-太行造山带型和华北平原裂谷型三类岩石圈。依据岩石学方法、壳幔演化模型、造山带形成过程以及地震波速与岩石化学成分之间的关系，建立了华北地区三类型岩石圈的壳幔岩石学结构和化学结构，讨论了不同岩石圈类型的壳幔物质结构、地壳和岩石圈地幔厚度的地质含义、岩石圈不连续在划分岩石圈单元中的作用及不同类型岩石圈形成的大陆动力学意义。     

中国东部壳-幔、岩石圈-软流圈之间的相互作用带：特征及转换时限

中国东部中—新生代,下部岩石圈存在壳与幔、岩石圈与软流圈两个相互作用带,它们是重要的岩浆源区,在层圈相互作用中,热和物质的交换及其动力学过程是引起中、新生代岩石圈内部层圈间的厚度调整、岩石圈不均匀减薄以及区域构造-岩浆-成矿作用的重要机理。大陆内部的壳-幔作用有3种类型:地幔来源的底侵熔体与下地壳的作用;下地壳拆沉进入弱化(weakening)了的岩石圈地幔二者发生的作用以及陆-陆碰撞深俯冲带的壳-幔相互作用。它们形成的火山岩组合有一定的差别,但源区都含有地壳组分。岩石圈-软流圈的作用带也是重要的岩浆源区,源区是以软流圈地幔为主,基本不含地壳组分。东部岩石圈的减薄时间大体与出现大规模软流圈来源的玄武岩喷发的时间一致,也与上述两类层圈作用转换的时间一致,大约在100Ma以后。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861