渤中19-6孔店组砂砾岩孔隙结构和渗透率估算模型

渤中19-6砂砾岩孔隙结构复杂,为提高渗透率的估算精度,需要从孔隙结构入手,找到与渗透率相关性最好的孔隙结构因素。以43块孔店组砂砾岩的孔隙结构和渗透率为研究对象,利用岩石铸体薄片确定发育的孔隙类型,通过高压压汞获取孔喉分布特征和孔隙结构参数。结合孔隙类型和孔隙结构参数分析孔隙结构和渗透率的关系,建立了基于孔隙结构参数的渗透率评价模型。研究表明,不同类型溶蚀孔隙的孔隙结构存在差异,粒内溶孔的孔隙结构最好,胶结物溶孔的孔隙结构最差。溶蚀孔隙类型发育不同,物性差异较大,以粒内溶孔为主且不发育胶结物溶孔的岩样物性最好。不同孔隙结构因素对渗透率控制程度不一致,其中基于孔喉大小、连通、配比和几何形状这4种因素建立的渗透率模型精度最高。渤中19-6气田孔店组砂砾岩粒内溶孔具有较大的孔喉半径和较好的连通性是促使该类岩石储集和渗流能力均较好的主要原因。平均孔喉半径、退汞效率、平均孔喉体积比和分形维数适用于估算孔隙结构复杂且(特)低孔渗的砂砾岩储层渗透率,以期为渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷砂砾岩储层的渗透率评价提供技术支持。      

致密砂岩酸性和碱性成岩环境特征及对储层物性的控制:以鄂尔多斯盆地临兴和神府地区为例

成岩流体酸碱性对砂岩次生孔隙的形成具有重要影响。从酸性和碱性成岩流体演化角度分析鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密砂岩成岩流体酸碱性对物性的控制作用。依据大量铸体薄片观察、扫描电镜、X衍射分析、常规物性测试和高压压汞，详细研究了鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴和神府地区上古生界致密砂岩的岩石矿物学特征、物性特征、成岩作用、孔隙成因类型和孔喉结构特征，探讨了致密砂岩储层酸性和碱性成岩流体环境的识别、分带、分布和发育的各类伴生孔隙，并分析了成岩流体环境的演化过程及物性响应特征。在埋藏过程中，工区上组合层系经历了碱性-酸性-碱性的成岩流体演变模式，下组合含煤层系经历了酸性-碱性的成岩流体演变模式。酸性成岩环境以长石溶蚀、石英加大和自生高岭石沉淀为主要特征，发育长石溶蚀孔、黏土矿物晶间孔等孔隙类型，孔喉半径较大，储层质量相对较好；碱性成岩环境以石英溶蚀、自生绿泥石沉淀为主要特征，以石英溶蚀孔、黏土矿物晶间孔为主要孔隙类型，孔喉半径较小，储层质量相对较差。酸碱过渡带致密砂岩储层介于两者之间。但是每类储层的物性和孔喉结构变化较大。成岩流体环境在纵向上呈现分带特征，自上而下发育碱性带、酸碱过渡带、酸性带、酸碱过渡带和碱性带，不同地区之间分带深度边界有差别；在酸碱过渡带中，局部地区发育酸性带、较弱酸性带和较弱碱性带。      

基于CT扫描的黄土孔隙结构特征研究

孔隙特征作为反映黄土微观结构的重要特征之一,直接影响黄土的水敏性、渗透性和强度等物理力学性质。为了研究水力耦合作用下黄土微观孔隙结构特征,使用CT技术对天然原状、原状饱和与重塑黄土的初始结构以及不固结不排水剪切试验后的土体结构进行了扫描,通过建立黄土三维结构模型,分析了剪切试验前后孔隙结构的演变特征。结果表明：饱和与重塑作用使天然原状黄土的大孔隙减少,剪切作用使天然原状黄土和重塑黄土发生剪切破坏,原状饱和黄土发生压缩破坏,局部孔隙率增加。天然原状黄土与原状饱和黄土在剪切前后均表现为微孔和小孔数量较多,其孔隙倾角主要分布在50°～90°之间,解释了黄土亚稳态结构形成的主要原因。扰动作用使重塑黄土的孔隙尺寸分布均匀,且重塑黄土与原状饱和黄土在水力作用下更易失稳屈服。揭示了黄土剪切变形破坏的微观结构主要表现为粒间胶结物的溶解、孔隙的坍塌与填充以及颗粒旋转、破碎和滑移。试验结果可为黄土剪切强度降低和湿陷机理研究提供依据。     

Effects of seasonal water-level fluctuation on soil pore structure in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China

Inundation of the Three Gorges Reservoir has created a 30-m water-level fluctuation zone with seasonal hydrological alternations of submergence and exposure, which may greatly affect soil properties and bank stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of soil pore structure to seasonal water-level fluctuation in the reservoir, and particularly, the hydrological change of wetting and drying cycles. Soil pore structure was visualized with industrial X-ray computed tomography and digital image analysis techniques. The results showed that soil total porosity(? 100 ?m), total pore number, total throat number, and mean throat surface area increased significantly under wetting and drying cycles. Soil porosity, pore number and throat numberwithin each size class increased in the course of wetting and drying cycles. The coordination number, degree of anisotropy and fractal dimension were indicating an increase. In contrast, the mean shape factor, pore-throat ratio, and Euler-Poincaré number decreased due to wetting and drying cycles. These illustrated that the wetting and drying cycles made soil pore structure become more porous, continuous, heterogeneous and complex. It can thus be deduced that the water-level fluctuation would modify soil porosity, pore size distribution, and pore morphology in the Three Gorges Reservoir, which may have profound implications for soil processes, soil functions, and bank stability.     

Development and application of an instrument for simulating wetting-drying cycles of expansive soils under loads

Alternating rainfall and evaporation in nature severely impact the shear strength of expansive soils. This study presents an instrument for simulating the effect of wetting–drying cycles on the strength of expansive soils under different loads, and its testing error is verified. With this instrument,direct shear tests were performed on samples experiencing 0-6 cycles under vertical loads of 0 kPa,5 kPa, 15 kPa, and 30 k Pa. The results found that this instrument provides a new method for evaluating the effects of wetting–drying cycles on soils, and this method represents actual engineering conditions more accurately than do preexisting methods. It accurately controls the water content within 1% while simulating the specified loads at different soil depths.Cohesion is significantly affected by wetting–drying cycles, while the friction angle is not as sensitive to these cycles. Decrease in shear strength can be attributed to the fissures in soils caused by wetting–drying cycles. The existence of vertical loads effectively restricts shrinkage fissuring and cohesion attenuation, consequently inhibiting the attenuation of shear strength.     

基于低温氮气吸附和高压压汞表征潜江凹陷盐间页岩油储层孔隙结构特征

为了更全面地表征潜江凹陷潜江组页岩油储层孔隙结构特征,系统选取了距物源不同距离的A井和B井多块页岩样品进行了分析测试,通过场发射扫描电镜、低温氮气吸附和高压压汞实验综合分析了页岩孔隙结构特征;通过对比抽提前后场发射扫描电镜图像、低温氮气吸附和高压压汞实验数据,进一步研究了页岩中滞留烃的赋存空间特征;通过对典型页岩样品的二次压汞实验,探讨了页岩中连通孔隙的孔径分布特征。结果显示:潜江凹陷潜江组页岩油储层孔隙大小为纳米-微米级,孔径2~180 nm的黏土矿物层间孔和白云石晶间孔是该区发育最主要的两种孔隙类型;A井页岩中的滞留烃主要赋存在孔径2~20 nm的黏土矿物层间孔中,滞留烃含量较低,连通孔径主要集中在3~15 nm范围内,B井页岩中的滞留烃赋存在孔径8~100 nm的白云石晶间孔中,滞留烃含量多,连通孔径主要分布在10~130 nm范围内;白云石和黏土矿物的存在都有利于页岩储层储集空间的发育,但远离物源的生物成因的白云石更有利于滞留烃的赋存和可动性。研究成果可以为潜江凹陷页岩油的勘探和开发提供一定的理论支撑。      

高压压汞联合分形理论分析致密砂岩孔隙结构:以鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区为例

孔隙结构是致密砂岩储层的关键要素,制约油气在储层中的储集与流动,而储层孔隙结构是目前非常规油气勘探开发研究的重点和难点。选取鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区上三叠统延长组长7段10块致密岩心样品,开展高压压汞和X-衍射等实验,运用分形理论研究储层孔喉分形特征,并分析分形维数与储层物性、孔隙结构参数与矿物含量之间的关系。研究结果表明:根据压汞曲线形态和孔隙结构参数将储层分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,其储集性能和渗流能力依次递减,微观非均质性依次增强。不同类型的储层具有不同的分形特点:根据分形曲线存在的拐点0.05和0.02 μm,将实际情况和IUPAC提出的孔隙大小划分标准结合,Ⅰ类储层孔隙分为大孔(＞50 nm)和中孔(50~6 nm);Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层据拐点分为中孔A段(50~20 nm)和中孔B段(20~6 nm);平均分形维数依次增大,分别为2.619 3,2.745 4,2.852 6,非均质性逐渐增强。较少的大孔贡献了主要的渗透率,分形维数反映的主要是孔隙大小非均质性。分形维数与部分矿物存在较好的相关性,矿物成分及其含量是决定分形维数大小的内在因素,进而影响储层的质量和孔隙结构特征。      

焦石坝地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征及其主控因素

孔隙结构是评价页岩储气能力、渗流能力以及是否具有商业开采价值的关键。以重庆焦石坝JY1井五峰组-龙马溪组底部富有机质页岩为研究对象,选取了15块页岩样品开展了有机碳含量、X射线衍射、压汞、氦气孔隙度测定,低温氮吸附、氩离子抛光电镜观察,并结合沥青反射率测定、天然气碳同位素等资料表征页岩孔隙体积、大小和分布特征;从外部和内部两方面探讨了孔隙结构的主要控制因素。研究表明:①JY1井五峰组-龙马溪组页岩孔隙类型主要为无机孔(黏土矿物晶间孔、粒间孔和粒内孔)、有机质孔和微裂缝;②压汞和吸附实验显示页岩孔隙结构相对较复杂,以孔径小于50nm的孔隙为主,微孔提供了大部分的比表面积(约占65%),中孔提供了大部分的比孔容(约占57%),且以四面开放的平行板状孔隙为主,兼有多种其他形态的孔隙;③自白垩纪以来的多次挤压抬升剥蚀过程中,构造应力或温压的变化可能形成了大量微裂缝,沉积环境的差异制约了富有机质页岩发育的厚度、分布以及有机碳的富集程度;④相关性分析表明,微孔、中孔的比表面积和比孔容与有机碳质量分数关系密切,其中中孔体积和微孔的比表面积表现最明显;黏土矿物和石英质量分数对孔隙结构的影响呈现此消彼长的效果;当R_o<3.0%时,微孔和中孔的比表面积、比孔容与R_o值呈弱的负相关,反之呈现增大趋势,这与过高热演化阶段,生气速率变慢反而制约了纳米级孔隙发育,导致微孔数量减少有关。      

四川盆地长宁构造地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构及其分形特征

以四川盆地长宁构造地区古生界下志留统龙马溪组页岩为例,利用低压氮气吸附测试手段和分形法理论,分析了页岩的孔隙结构参数及分形维数,结合有机质含量和矿物组成分析,研究了页岩孔隙结构特征及其分形特征的影响因素。结果表明:龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构复杂,孔隙主要以两端开口的圆筒状孔、墨水瓶状孔等开放性孔为主,孔径主要在1~10nm之间,孔径主峰位于1.86nm附近;页岩平均孔径在1.807~4.343nm之间,与w(TOC)、石英含量呈负相关,与黏土矿物含量呈正相关,其中w(TOC)对其影响显著;页岩总孔容在0.010 76~0.025 04cm3/g之间,比表面积在5.416~25.958m2/g之间,页岩总孔容、比表面积与w(TOC)、石英含量呈正相关,与黏土矿物、碳酸盐含量呈负相关;页岩具有双重分形特征,大孔隙分形维数D₁为2.091 8~2.653 7,小孔隙分形维数D₂为2.724 8~2.857 5,说明大孔隙结构的复杂程度大于小孔隙;页岩孔隙的分形维数与比表面积和总孔容呈正相关,而与平均孔径呈负相关;与w(TOC)、石英含量呈正相关,与黏土矿物、碳酸盐含量呈负相关,其中w(TOC)、石英和黏土矿物含量对页岩孔隙结构复杂性影响较大。      

压力及温度对碳酸盐岩声波速度与频谱特征的影响实验

碳酸盐岩声波传播特征具有重要的应用价值,系统性地分析流体类型、流体压力、温度及围压对碳酸盐岩声波速度与频谱特性影响的研究仍需加强。选取四川盆地合川-潼南地区灯影组缝洞碳酸盐岩,开展了不同条件下的声波透射实验,分析了围压、孔隙压力、压力差、温度及流体类型对碳酸盐岩样品声波速度的影响及不同条件下透射声波的主频特征。研究结果表明：饱和地层水时声波速度对压力变化的敏感度较饱和氮气时低。压力变化过程中,声波速度变化幅度与岩样孔隙度为正相关关系。实验温度范围内,随着温度逐渐升高,饱和地层水、氮气岩心纵波速度、横波速度均小幅降低。当差应力较低时,通过改变孔隙压力来改变差应力的方式对应的声波速度大于通过改变围压来改变差应力方式对应的声波速度,当差应力较高时,结论相反。相同差应力条件下,声波速度对围压变化较孔隙压力变化更为敏感。定围压变孔隙压力与定孔压变围压曲线所对应的2条声波速度-差应力关系曲线的夹角及斜率差可定性反映岩样动态Biot有效应力系数相对大小。随着差应力增大,孔隙压力对有效应力的贡献逐渐降低。随着孔隙压力增大,纵波主频幅值、横波主频幅值均逐渐下降,随着围压增大,纵波主频幅值、横波主频幅值均...     

Research on pore microstructure features for dredger fill based on mercury intrusion method

The material composition and microstructure have a comprehensive influence on geological engineering properties of dredger fill.The porosity of the dredger fill is an important characteristic of microscopic structure.Taken dredger fill from Binhai New Area in Tianjin as research object,the distribution trend of pore is obtained by granularmetric analysis,mineral composition analysis and mercury intrusion method.By discussing the variation regulation of dredger fill in two different kinds of processing methods,certain theoretical basis is provided for evaluating the engineering geological properties of dredger fill.It can be concluded from the test results that after drainage treatment,the porosity decreased and the structure unit changed from the relatively loose state to aggregate state.In certain depth range,the consolidation effect of dredger fill with drainage treatment is better than that without drainage treatment.     

渤海海域渤中凹陷奥陶系碳酸盐岩成岩作用

渤中凹陷奥陶系碳酸盐岩在沉积后经历了漫长的地质改造,不同成岩作用改造使储层极为复杂,因此识别不同成岩环境对潜山储层预测具有一定意义。通过岩石薄片观察、扫描电镜、阴极发光等分析确定研究区奥陶系碳酸盐岩经历了正常海水成岩环境、大气淡水成岩环境和埋藏成岩环境,储层储集空间以溶蚀作用引起的次生孔隙和裂缝为主,物性中等,储层非均质性强。结合区域构造演化,镜下特征,碳、氧同位素分析及包裹体分析表明虽然在大气淡水成岩环境及埋藏成岩环境下均有溶蚀作用发生,但对该区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层影响最大的是古生代-中生代期间大气淡水环境下的表生岩溶作用,构造运动导致地层抬升遭受长时间风化淋滤从而改善了储层物性,而埋藏环境下溶蚀改造对储层物性改造有限;新近纪期间深埋环境下大规模胶结作用是本区奥陶系储层物性降低的主要因素。      

川东南地区志留系龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征

页岩储层的孔隙结构对页岩气资源评价和勘探开发具有重要意义。通过高压压汞法、低压氮气吸附法、氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜对川东南龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征进行了深入的研究,分析了微观孔隙发育影响因素。研究表明,页岩排驱压力比较高,孔隙分选差,退汞率极低,说明孔隙与喉道非常不均一;页岩比表面积为12.330~29.822 m2/g,平均为20.132m2/g;孔体积为0.015 9~0.094 7cm3/g,平均为0.044 5cm3/g;平均孔径为3.484~12.473nm,平均为7.400nm;主体孔隙为中孔,存在一部分的微孔和大孔,氮气吸附-脱附曲线表明孔隙形态以墨水瓶形孔和狭缝状孔为主。孔隙类型可分为有机质孔、原生残余孔、次生溶蚀孔、黄铁矿晶间孔、黏土矿物晶间孔、裂缝6种类型,其中原生残余孔、次生溶蚀孔可达微米级。有机碳含量、石英含量、黏土矿物含量、热演化程度均会影响微观孔隙发育,比表面积和孔体积随有机碳、石英含量的增加而增加;而随黏土矿物含量的增加,比表面积、孔体积呈减小趋势;适宜的热演化程度是纳米级孔隙发育的重要影响因素。      

苏北盆地张家垛油田阜三段储层特征及主控因素

利用岩心观察、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及阴极发光等,研究苏北盆地张家垛油田阜三段.结果表明:该储集层岩石类型主要由泥岩、粉砂岩及薄层细砂岩组成;砂泥岩呈互层分布,存在大量泥质条带和生物扰动构造,其中以泥岩、粉砂岩最为发育;粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、杂基内微孔隙是主要孔隙类型,其中粒内溶孔最为发育;研究区为浅湖亚相沉积,发育坝砂、滩砂和浅湖泥沉积微相,沉积相带、成岩因素是影响研究区储集层物性的重要条件.阜三段储层主要以坝砂为主,其次是滩砂;坝砂粒度较粗,杂基含量低,粒间孔、溶孔发育,砂体厚度大,储集性能好,而滩砂粒度较细,杂基含量高,微孔发育,胶结作用弱,砂体厚度薄,物性相对较差.     

渤中凹陷深层特低孔特低渗砂砾岩储层储集空间精细表征

利用自动矿物定量识别系统（QEMSCAN）、二维大尺寸背散射图像拼接技术（MAPS）、多尺度微米CT、铸体薄片、恒速压汞等实验技术,对渤中凹陷深层孔店组特低孔特低渗砂砾岩储层的储集空间进行了二维、三维多尺度精细表征,并系统研究了砂砾岩储层渗流能力影响因素。实验结果显示,研究区砂砾岩孔隙毫米-微米-纳米级多尺度连续分布,孔隙度相对大的储层,孔径分布范围较宽,储层粒间原生孔、粒间溶蚀孔等大孔隙占比较高,粒内溶蚀孔、晶间孔占比较低。基于三维孔喉网络模型,孔隙主要半径分布区间为1.5~60 μm,喉道半径分布在0.5~8.0 μm之间,孔喉连通性的分布形态有条带状、连片状、孤立状,储集性较好的储层孔喉在三维空间多为连片状,渗透率相对较差的储层孤立状的大孔较多。孔隙型储层的渗透率与孔喉形态、喉道半径、配位数等参数密切相关。裂缝明显改善了砂砾岩的物性,也为酸性流体对储层的溶蚀提供了有效通道,导致溶蚀孔隙相对发育。综合研究认为,渤中凹陷深层砂砾岩储层的渗流能力受裂缝发育程度、孔喉连通性双重控制,储层中黏土矿物和碳酸盐矿物胶结对孔隙结构、储层渗流能力有重要影响。      

基于CT扫描技术的低渗油藏水敏效应后微观孔隙结构特征

为了研究水敏效应对低渗油藏微观孔隙结构特征的影响,将CT在线扫描技术和岩心驱替实验相结合,开展了低渗油藏不同渗透率岩心水敏性评价实验,对水敏过程中孔、喉半径分布特征、配位数、孔隙变化特征、物性参数变化及对储层渗流能力的影响进行了实验研究,并绘制了水敏前后极限注采井距对比图版。结果表明,随着渗透率降低,水敏效应对孔隙、喉道伤害程度越大、平均孔喉配位数减少越多。两者共同作用是造成储层启动压力梯度增加的主要原因;水敏效应对储层喉道伤害程度远大于对孔隙伤害程度;水敏效应造成黏土膨胀、颗粒运移几乎发生在所有孔隙中,但对岩心整体孔隙结构和分布特征影响不大。通过极限注采井距可知,水敏效应造成新沟嘴组低渗油藏极限注采井距减少了153 m,需要通过加密井来调整注采井距,改善注水波及范围。该研究结果对长期注水的水敏性低渗储层开发调整具有现场指导意义。     

潜江凹陷盐间页岩油储层孔隙结构分形表征与评价

目前, 众多学者从地球化学特征、储层物性特征等方面对潜江凹陷潜江组页岩展开了较多研究, 并取得了一定的进展, 但对其孔隙的复杂性、形成孔喉的主要矿物及其影响因素的分析存在盲点。依据分形理论, 结合氮气吸附实验、高压压汞实验, 选取沉积位置不同的BX7井以及BYY2井, 分别对潜三段第四亚段(Eq₃4-10)页岩的比表面分形特征、孔隙结构分形特征以及孔喉分形特征进行了评价, 分析了其影响因素。结果表明, 该地区的孔隙表面较为平整, 比表面分形维数D1趋近于2, 孔隙表面的粗糙程度主要受黏土矿物本身特性影响。相较于沉积边缘的BX7井, 位于沉积中心的BYY2井储层孔隙结构分形特征更为简单。小孔径孔隙的孔体积所占比例越大, 孔隙结构分形特征越复杂。BX7井储层孔隙结构分形维数D2主要受黏土矿物以及石英的影响, 而BYY2井储层孔隙结构分形维数D2主要受白云石的影响。白云石为构成BX7井储层孔喉的主要矿物, 随白云石增加, 孔喉特征复杂, 连通性变差。BYY2井储层中石英形成的孔喉直径较小, 石英的增加会使孔隙连通性变差; 方解石形成的孔喉直径较大。页岩油的赋存会使孔隙的分形维数变小, 对孔喉分形特征的影响较小。盐类矿物的存在会阻塞孔隙, 使孔隙连通性变差。      

Research on infiltration clogging effect and its application prospect in anti-seepage project

Clogging effect, as a new concept in geological engineering, is a phenomenon of permeability decreasing under seeping in reservoir dam foundation of the alluvial and diluvial deposits with deep and thick layer, coarse particle and high permeability in mountains-gully rivers of Tibetan Plateau. A clogging infiltration instrument has been designed successfully and a series of simulation tests have been done. Based on large amounts of data, it is confirmed that the existence of the clogging effect and the law of infiltration clogging is found out. Three indexes are proposed such as "optimal size of particle", "optimal size range of particle" and "characteristic pore", which are closely related with effect of infiltration clogging. The concept and results can offer a new idea to solve problems on anti-seepage of dam foundation in mountains-gully rivers environment and to study artificial clogging, meanwhile supplement of the concept of seepage deformation.     

陕南膨胀土加灰改良的试验研究

陕南膨胀土分布地区由于膨胀土地基的胀缩变形，常常导致建筑物开裂和毁坏。如何改良膨胀土，消除其胀缩性，加固膨胀土地基，确保工程建筑物的安全和稳定，是膨胀上分布地区工程建设实践中急待解决的重要课题。结合陕南三种类型的膨胀土，我们选取有代表性的试样进行了加灰（石灰、粉煤灰）处理的试验研究，其效果较好，消除或减弱了膨胀土的胀缩性，达到了改良膨胀上不良工程地质性质的目的．     

Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Urban Smart Development in China and Its Driving Mechanism

Smart urban development is an inevitable choice, and is essential to overall strength improvement. It is important to explore an urban smart development path which unites smart growth with driving shrinkage perfectly in forming scientific and sustainable development concept and responding to new normal strategic opportunities. Based on statistic data of 294 prefecture-level cities and above in China from 2000 to 2015, we analyzed spatial and temporal evolution of urban smart development in China by constructing a dynamic fitting model of urban land expansion, population growth, and economic development as well as the coefficient of variation of urban smart development(CVSD). Further efforts were then made to consider differential distribution regularity of urban smart development so as to understand the driving mechanisms of heterogeneous classification of urban smart development in China from different scales and scale variation. Our results indicate that: 1) the disordered growth tendency of urban cities in China is overall well controlled in the middle, and late research and it mainly presented a doublet coexistence of shrinkage disordered cities and smart developing cities. It is particularly obvious that Northeast China and East China have regarded shrinkage disordered cities and smart developing cities as main development tendency separately. 2) Areas with basic stability and relative variation were relatively dispersed across the time period, but the proportion was far beyond areas with significant variation. It demonstrates a relative equilibrium spatial and temporal differential evolution pattern of prefecture-level cities and above in China, except for Tongling, Lanzhou and Chaoyang. 3) prefecture-level cities and above in China are mostly characterized by shrinkage disordered and smart development classification under the background of different scale and scale variation from 2000–2015; however, the spatial resonance relation is not obvious. 4) There are many interaction factors forming an important driving mechanism in developing the spatial and temporal pattern of urban smart development in China, including natural geographical factors, industrial structure adjustment, human capital radiation, regional traffic accessibility, and government decision-making intervention.