要重视指示性云的观测及编码

以一些易被忽略、简化的指示性云状及编码为依据,论述云天演变,对于观测、记录及编码具有重要意义。     

要重视指示性云的观测及编码

以一些易被忽略、简化的指示性云状及编码为依据，论述云天演变，对于观测、记录及编码具有重要意义。     

对百色工业立市气象信息服务的探讨

就百色工业立市的情况作简要概叙,并在工业立市进程中,除了决策和公益气象服务以外,气象信息服务的市场前景、营销人员队伍、服务中应注意的事项及气象信息服务的可能服务对象和内容作了较为详细的探讨。     

综合布线系统在气象核心网络升级中的应用

综合布线系统采用标准化的语音、数据、图像、监控设备,各线综合配置在一套标准的布线系统上,统一布线设计、安装施工和集中管理维护。综合布线系统在广东省气象局核心网络升级综合布线实际应用效果明显。     

综合布线系统在气象核心网络升级中的应用

综合布线系统采用标准化的语音、数据、图像、监控设备，各线综合配置在一套标准的布线系统上，统一布线设计、安装施工和集中管理维护。综合布线系统在广东省气象局核心网络升级综合布线实际应用效果明显。     

The Impact Of Air-Flow Separation On The Drag Of The Sea Surface

An approach that allows assessment ofthe impact of air-flow separation (AFS) fromwave breaking fronts on the sea-surface drag is presented. Wave breaking fronts are modelled by the discontinuities of the sea-surface slope. It is assumedthat the dynamics of the AFS from wave breaking crests is similar to thatfrom the backward facing step. The form drag supported by an individualbreaker is described by the action of the pressure drop distributed alongthe forward face of the breaking front. The total stress due to the AFS isobtained as a sum of contributions from breaking fronts of different scales.Outside the breaking fronts the drag of the sea surface is supported by theviscous surface stress and the wave-induced stress. To calculate the stressdue to the AFS and the wave-induced stress a physical model of the wind-wavespectrum is used. Together with the model of the air flow described in termsof surface stresses it forms a self-consistent dynamical system for the seasurface-atmosphere where the air flow and wind waves are strongly coupled.Model calculations of the drag coefficient agree with measurements. It is shownthat the dimensionless Charnock parameter (roughness length normalized onthe square of the friction velocity and the acceleration of gravity)increases with the increase of the wind speed in agreement with fieldmeasurements. The stress due to the AFS normalized on the square of thefriction velocity is proportional to the cube of wind speed. At low windsthe viscous surface stress dominates the drag. The role of the form drag,which is the sum of the stress due to the AFS and the wave-induced stress, isnegligible. At moderate and high winds the form drag dominates. At windspeeds higher than 10 m s^-1 the stress supported by the AFS becomescomparable to the wave-induced stress and supports up to 50% of the totalstress.     

黑潮OLR距平指数与华南西部主汛期降水的关系

OLR距平场与华南西部主汛期降水的相关分析场显示,在黑潮区域有强烈的高相关信号反映。黑潮区OLR距平指数与华南主汛期降水的遥相关分析显示,前期黑潮区OLR距平指数的异常,可以成为预测主汛期降水有一定指示意义的前兆信号。并在此基础上建立主成分降维分析方法,对1989~2000年主汛期降水作预测及回代检验,检验结果准确率达75%,说明用黑潮区OLR距平指数作为预报因子可以取得良好的预报成绩。     

The Role Of Halocarbons In The Climate Change Of The Troposphere And Stratosphere

Releases of halocarbons into the atmosphere over the last 50 years are among the factors that have contributed to changes in the Earth’s climate since pre-industrial times. Their individual and collective potential to contribute directly to surface climate change is usually gauged through calculation of their radiative efficiency, radiative forcing, and/or Global Warming Potential (GWP). For those halocarbons that contain chlorine and bromine, indirect effects on temperature via ozone layer depletion represent another way in which these gases affect climate. Further, halocarbons can also affect the temperature in the stratosphere. In this paper, we use a narrow-band radiative transfer model together with a range of climate models to examine the role of these gases on atmospheric temperatures in the stratosphere and troposphere. We evaluate in detail the halocarbon contributions to temperature changes at the tropical tropopause, and find that they have contributed a significant warming of ~0.4 K over the last 50 years, dominating the effect of the other well-mixed greenhouse gases at these levels. The fact that observed tropical temperatures have not warmed strongly suggests that other mechanisms may be countering this effect. In a climate model this warming of the tropopause layer is found to lead to a 6% smaller climate sensitivity for halocarbons on a globally averaged basis, compared to that for carbon dioxide changes. Using recent observations together with scenarios we also assess their past and predicted future direct and indirect roles on the evolution of surface temperature. We find that the indirect effect of stratospheric ozone depletion could have offset up to approximately half of the predicted past increases in surface temperature that would otherwise have occurred as a result of the direct effect of halocarbons. However, as ozone will likely recover in the next few decades, a slightly faster rate of warming should be expected from the net effect of halocarbons, and we find that together halocarbons could bring forward next century’s expected warming by ~20 years if future emissions projections are realized. In both the troposphere and stratosphere CFC-12 contributes most to the past temperature changes and the emissions projection considered suggest that HFC-134a could contribute most of the warming over the coming century.     

On The Influence Of The Eulerian Velocity PDF Closure On The Eddy Diffusion Coefficient

The flux-gradient model, often used to describe turbulent dispersion, implicitly defines an eddy diffusion coefficient K that is known to be related to the Eulerian probability density function (pdf) of the turbulent velocity field. In the strict limit of applicability of Fick's law, the relationship between K and the pdf is used to investigate the influence of non-Gaussianity on dispersion in homogeneous turbulence. A bi-Gaussian pdf is used as a closure model that allows for separate studies of skewness and kurtosis variations. The choice of model parameters can have a significant influence on K, especially when the pdf is bimodal. Both arbitrariness of the closure and bimodality are then reduced using the maximum entropy criterion for the selection of the free parameter of the closure scheme, together with the assumption that the model is valid only for those values of the parameters for which a unimodal pdf is possible. The variations of K are found to be sensitive to both skewness and kurtosis showing a more complex behaviour than that found in literature.     

对夜间云观测的体会

介绍夜间进行云观测的工作程序,对云的特征进行分析,提出了观测云的注意事项。     

多级相似作温度精细化预报初探

利用2001—2004年欧洲中心数值预报产品等资料,按照预报员制作天气要素预报过程中的基本思路,从“形势分析→系统分析→要素预报”的一般步骤,通过“形势相似→系统相似→天气要素（温度）相似”等多级相似分析,计算制作温度格点预报,并在逐步实现天气要素预报的程序化、数字化、精细化方面进行了有益的探讨。     

在全省气象工作会议上的讲话

在刚刚过去的2006年,是“十一五”规划的开局之年,是新农村建设的起步之年,也是黑龙江省全面建设小康社会发展进程中的重要一年。农业、农村经济持续快速发展,粮食总产量再创历史新高。农民收入连续大幅度增长。结构调整进一步深化,农村改革进一步推进,全省农村呈现出心气顺、尽头足、干群关系和谐稳定的良好局面。这些成绩当中凝聚着全省气象战线广大干部职工做出的重要贡献。过去的一年全省气象工作有了长足的发展,最重要的是国务院下发了《关于加快气象事业发展的若干意见》,省政府也提出具体意见,气象战线的同志们认真学习贯彻国务院的文件和省政府的意见,做了大量卓有成效的工作,气象预测预报准确,提出的对策、措施、建议很及时、很有建设性,气象服务的领域不断拓宽,从对生产服务更多的转向为人民生活服务,得到了人民的普遍好评。     

广西气候与全球气候变化趋势异同点

用近百年的气温、降水量实测数据,对广西与全球、全国的气候变化的异同进行了统计分析,结果表明：广西的气候变化与全球气候变化的趋势基本一致,但全球气候变暖并未在广西得到反映。     

南昌市疾病与气象的关系初步研究

收集整理了南昌市4家大型医院1996～1999年的感冒、支气管哮喘、呼吸道疾病、冠心病、脑血管病的住院病例资料17424例,发现:7、8月份是感冒高发期,呼吸道疾病多发于3、4月份,支气管哮喘则在夏秋季容易发生,而秋末冬初脑血管疾病容易发作,冠心病则在春季多发。对上述资料进行3d平滑处理和标准化处理,并从气候角度划分四季,分别建立了春、夏、秋、冬4个季节的各疾病与气象要素之间的日预报回归方程。     

新一代天气雷达在人工增雨作业中的应用

将雷达资料传输到人工增雨作业指挥系统,指挥中心可以根据作业云的方位、距离、云高、云厚及其移向移速等雷达观测信息和先前输入指挥系统的作业点位置,自动计算出作业方位、作业距离、作业仰角,有效的指挥增雨作业;通过雷达跟踪观测,雷达回波的动画显示,作业前后的回波强度比较,作业点与非作业点之间的比较,还可以科学检验人工增雨作业的效果。     

为全民创业提供优质气象服务在全民创业中加快气象事业发展--在江西省气象局党组扩大会议上的讲话(摘录)

结合部门实际。对江西气象部门如何领会和贯彻落实2005年全省领导干部会议精神,提出了具体的指导意见。讲话指出,全省各级气象部门干部职工,要把思想和行动进一步统一到全省领导干部会议精神上来,围绕为全民创业提供优质气象服务,找准自己的位置,为不同创业主体提供精细化、个性化的气象服务产品。拓宽为全民创业服务的气象信息传递渠道,强化安全气象和资源气象服务,开展全民创业技能培训和创业资讯服务,营造优化有利于全民创业的气象政务环境。努力满足全民创业对气象服务的迫切需求。讲话还强调,全省气象干部职工要强化创业理念,大力培育气象创业文化;加强气象能力建设,加快提升气象现代化水平和效益;适应中国气象事业发展战略,加快全省新一轮气象业务技术体制改革;坚持改革创新,做大做强做优气象科技服务;加强队伍建设,为事业发展提供智力支持和组织保证,努力在全民创业的热潮中,实现江西气象事业在新的起点上更快更好的发展。另外。讲话在总结分析上半年工作的基础上,结合全省领导干部会议精神。对2005年下半年的工作进行了全面的部署。认为2005年下半年,全省气象部门要狠抓目标管理,积极做好气象服务工作,下大力气促科技服务上新台阶;要加强与有关部门的共建共享工作。及时完成“十一五”规划的编制。大力推进业务技术体制改革和现代化建设;要加强党建和气象文化建设,并根据《江西省气象局关于加强基层台站建设的实施意见》,以及《全省县（市、区）气象局“五大工程”建设考评办法》。抓好基层台站建设。     

预警信号发布工作之我见

从预警信号发布的重要性、发布渠道、宣传工作、技术支撑以及如何科学发布预警信号等五个方面,探讨预警信号发布工作中的一些问题,并初步提出一些相关的对策。     

土壤水分调控对酥梨品质的影响

以45年生酥梨树为试材,分析测定塑料薄膜覆盖、树盘覆草、自然生草、定期灌水、清耕等不同土壤水分管理措施对土壤水分和酥梨品质的影响,结果表明不同处理间以塑料薄膜覆盖处理效果最好,不但果个较大,果实的固酸比值和产量也较高;树盘覆草次之,且具有土壤水分变化幅度较小和省工、省时等优点.