The First Heat Flow Measurements on the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago

This paper reports the heat flow calculations that were made on the basis of the temperature measurements in the boreholes at the Pavlovskoye deposit (Novaya Zemlya), the definition of the thermal conductivity of the rocks sampled from the boreholes, and the estimation of the radiogenic thermal generation in the drilling interval. This gives the first heat flow measurements in the archipelago. The structure of the heat flow in the Novaya Zemlya archipelago is compared with other fold belts of northern Asia.

     

Geochemical and radiation conditions in coastal landscapes of the Kara Sea Gulf (Novaya Zemlya Archipelago)

This work considers terrestrial coastal landscapes of Abrosimov and Stepovoi gulfs and Yuzhnii (Southern) Island in the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago in the Kara Sea. These areas are dominated by horizons of slightly acidic leptosols and lithic leptosols of 10 cm thick (Stepovoi Gulf) and those of weak skeleton acidic lithic leptosols of 10–15 cm thick (Abrosimov Gulf) covered by moss–shrub assemblages. Kaolinite is formed in a rhizosphere fine earth layer; illite is formed along the leptosol sequence. The studied coastal landscapes are characterized by low accumulation potential of chemical elements, including radionuclides, at higher contents of them. Elements such as Fe and Ti are dispersed in sols, whereas P, S, Cl, Cu, Pb, and Zn are accumulated in soils in minor amounts. Plants accumulate S, P, Cl, Sr, Zn, and ¹³⁷Cs in minor amounts as well. Elements such as Ti, Mn, Fe, Cr, V, Co, Ni, Cu, Rb, Zr, Ba, Th, Y, Nb, Pb, and As are attributed to the group of weak biological adsorption. The specific ¹³⁷Cs activity (Bq kg^–1) amounts to 10–150 in plants, 10–300 in moor leptosol horizons, and 1–40 in mull horizons.     

Holocene Sedimentation History in the Southern Novaya Zemlya Trench

It is shown that sediments accumulated in the Southern Novaya Zemlya Trench at both deglaciation and marine stages. Permanent sea ice sheet existed during the deglaciation, and glacier meltwater was intensely delivered to the bottom layer. Along with the dominant sediment supply from the Southern Island of Novaya Zemlya, southern continental sources also played a noticeable role at that stage. Seasonal sea ice freezing led to the formation of cold brines at the marine stage. Like paleoproductivity, these processes were irregular. Dissolution of calcareous benthic foraminiferal tests considerably intensified after about 7 ka BP owing to a stronger Atlantic water advection into the Western Arctic and consequent increase in paleoproductivity, whereas the relative role of southern sedimentary provenances decreased. Sedimentation rates were constant (45 cm/ka) during the entire marine stage.     

Radiogeochemical studies of the features of radionuclide distribution at the sites of dumping of radioactive wastes of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago

This paper presents the results of the studies performed from aboard the R/V Akademik Boris Petrov of the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, in 2002–2004 aimed at surveying the sites of dumping of potentially dangerous objects in Stepovoy, Abrosimov, and Tsivol’ka bays of the Kara Sea. These studies coupled the instrumental facilities of acoustic survey with the visual examination of the objects recovered and also included sampling of the bottom sediments and near-bottom water in the vicinity of the objects and away from them. Subsequently, the samples collected were analyzed using direct gamma spectrometry and radiochemical concentrating selected radionuclides. This allowed us to obtain a statistically reliable database on the specific concentrations of radionuclides (cesium, strontium, cobalt, and plutonium) in the water column and in the bottom sediments. In selected parts of Stepovoy and Abrosimov bays, at the sites where containers were located, local areas with contaminated bottom sediments were registered in the immediate vicinity of the objects, in which significant concentrations of Cs-137 were detected. We also carried out experiments with the samples of the collected bottom sediments on the determination of the kinetic parameters of sorption in the sediment-solution system using the method of radioactive indicators. Taking into account the hydrological conditions, the results obtained allow one to explain particular features of radioactivity distribution in selected aquatic areas. Based on a comparison between the results of the studies performed in 1992–1994 and 2002–2004, we estimated the dynamics of the changes in the mean level of specific concentrations of radionuclides in the regions of the location of sunken objects in shallow-water bays of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. The registration of elevated concentrations of corrosive elements in the surface layers of the bottom sediments in these zones suggests a necessity of a multidisciplinary study consisting of regular repeated measurements at reference points in different areas aimed at before-the-fact prevention of possible leakages of radioactive substances from the sunken objects, which might result in a significant contamination of the environment. Original Russian Text ? O.V. Stepanets, L.A. Kodina, A.N. Ligaev, A.P. Borisov. G.Yu. Solov’eva, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 12, pp. 1315–1324.     

Geological Structure of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago (West Russian Arctic) and Peculiarities of the Tectonics of the Eurasian Arctic

Geotectonics - Our study considers the structure and tectonics of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, located in the west Russian Arctic and part of the Eurasian Arctic: (i) the age of the Pre-Paleozoic...     

Sedimentary Waves and Reconstruction of Bottom Currents in the Novaya Zemlya Trough of the Kara Sea

Doklady Earth Sciences - Reconstruction of bottom currents has been performed for the first time using the distribution of sedimentary waves in the Novaya Zemlya Trough in the Kara Sea based on the...     

Geology of the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago and the North Kara Terrane in the Russian high Arctic

The Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago is located at 80°N near the continental shelf break, between the Kara and Laptev seas. Sedimentary successions of Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic age dominate the bedrock geology. Together with Northern Tajmyr, Severnaya Zemlya constitutes the main land areas of the North Kara Terrane (NKT), which is inferred here to have been a part of the Timanide margin of Baltica, i.e. an integral part of Baltica at least since the Vendian. Vendian turbidites derived from the Timanide Orogen are inferred to have been deposited on Neoproterozoic greenschist facies, granite-intruded basement. Shallow-water siliclastic deposition in the Early to Mid-Cambrian was followed by highly organic-rich shales in the Late Cambrian and influx of more turbidites. An episode of folding, the Kan’on River deformation, separates these formations from the overlying Tremadocian conglomerates and sandstones. In the Early Ordovician, rift-related magmatic rocks accompanied the deposition of variegated marls, sandstones, carbonates and evaporites. Dark shales and gypsiferous limestones characterise the Mid-Ordovician. Late Ordovician quartz-sandstones mark a hiatus, followed by carbonate rocks that extend up into and through most of the Silurian. The latter give way upwards into Old Red Sandstones, which are inferred to have been deposited in a Caledonian foreland basin. Deformation, reaching the area in the latest Devonian or earliest Carboniferous and referred to as the Severnaya Zemlya episode, is thought to be Caledonian-related. The dominating E-vergent structure was controlled by décollement zones in Ordovician evaporite-bearing strata; detachment folds and thrusts developed in the west and were apparently impeded by a barrier of Ordovician igneous rocks in the east. Below the décollement zones, the Neoproterozoic to Early Ordovician succession was deformed into open to close folds. The exposed strata in the lower structural level have been juxtaposed with those in the upper structural level along the major N-trending Fiordovoe Lake Fault Zone, which involved several kilometres of dextral strike-slip movement and downthrow to the west. A major Early Carboniferous unconformity separates the folded Mid-Palaeozoic and older rocks from overlying Carboniferous formations, as on Franz Joseph Land and Svalbard. Subsequent latest Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic orogeny, as on Taimyr, apparently had little influence on the Severnaya Zemlya successions.     

Detrital zircon geochronology of Palaeozoic Novaya Zemlya – a key to understanding the basement of the Barents Shelf

The Novaya Zemlya fold‐and‐thrust‐belt is the northern continuation of the late Palaeozoic Uralide Orogen. Little is known about its deeper structure and the basement history of the adjacent Barents and Kara shelves. Based on geological evidence and detrital zircon analysis of 28 samples from the northeastern and stratigraphically deepest part of the archipelago, we demonstrate that Cambro‐Ordovician turbidite‐dominated deposition was almost exclusively sourced from rocks consolidated during the Timanian orogeny (Timanian basement). A profound change in provenance occurred near the end of the Ordovician. Over 90% of the zircons from Silurian and about 80% from Devonian strata have ages characteristic of the Sveconorwegian Orogen, implying uplift of these rocks in the vicinity of Novaya Zemlya. The presence of Sveconorwegian and Grenvillian rocks in the high Arctic suggests revision of recent reconstructions of the Rodinia supercontinent, its break‐up and subsequent Caledonian orogeny.     

黑河流域地下水氘过量参数特征

利用δ(18O)和δ(D)资料对黑河流域的冰雪融水、地表水、地下水的氘过量参数(d值)特征的研究结果表明:①黑河流域源区祁连山区冰雪融水的d值特别偏正,为16.0‰～24.8‰;②张掖盆地细土平原浅层地下水的d值(9.0‰～12.0‰)与深层地下水的d值(16.6‰～21.8‰)表现出明显的差异性,指示着不同的补给来源,浅层地下水主要由大气补给,深层地下水反映出冰雪融水补给的特点;酒泉盆地浅层和深层地下水的d值接近(介于15.8‰～19.6‰间),主要以山区冰雪融水和基岩裂隙水补给为主;③额济纳盆地大部分浅层地下水的d值介于2.6‰～8.8‰间,受到了一定程度的蒸发作用,这是干旱地区地下水的特殊特征;④古日乃地区地下水的d值特别偏负,达-30‰左右,这种现象在全球极为罕见;⑤东居延海地区附近的深层承压水的d值(-2.4‰～-1.0‰)也表现出了一定的特殊性,表明该区地下水是在较寒冷的气候条件下形成的;⑥东居延海地表水和天鹅湖湖水的δ(18O)和δ(D)均为正,远大于了海水的氧氘值,而且d值异常偏负,达-55.2‰～ -35.8‰,这可能是极度干旱的环境下地表水过度蒸发的结果.研究揭示了流域水循环转化过程中和大气降水、冰雪融水、地表水、地下水之间的相互关系及其作用,为流域水资源管理和生态环境保护提供了有意义的信息.     

新德里季风降水中过量氘与季风水汽来源

收集和分析了新德里降水中同位素资料(δ¹⁸O和δD),利用季风水线方程对个别年份缺测的δD资料进行估计,建立了新德里36 a夏季过量氘序列.基于降水中过量氘和水汽源区相对湿度关系考虑,利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了新德里夏季过量氘序列和水汽源区相对湿度的关系.研究发现,西阿拉伯海相对湿度变化和新德里季风降水中过量氘变化较为一致.结合西阿拉伯海风速和印度西北地区季风降水量资料分析结果,认为西阿拉伯海是新德里季风水汽的主要来源.     

圆梁山隧道毛坝向斜段岩溶水的同位素组成及氘过量参数示踪研究

岩溶地下水是隧道施工建设过程中最主要的工作对象。针对圆梁山隧道施工建设过程中面临的岩溶地下水问题，我们采集了区域岩溶水和岩溶承压水的样品，对水样做了δD、δ^18O和T值测定，并计算出d值。根据环境同位素示踪、大气降水氘过量参数和地下水氘过量参数演化理论，对该地区域岩溶水和毛坝向斜段核部深层岩溶承压水进行了综合分析研究。证实了隧道选址位于南北两侧水地质单元的分水岭之上的结论。为进一步深入工作提供了科学依据。     

四川牟尼沟珍珠泉和翡翠泉的同位素组成及氘过量参数研究

本文基于四川牟尼沟珍珠泉和翡翠泉水的氢、氧同位素组成、氘过量参数及氚含量资料 ,详细分析和讨论了两泉地下含水层水的补给源、补给高度、水的运移途径和滞留时间及它们之间的水力联系。     

原油中铅同位素的ICP-MS测定及其在油源鉴别中的应用

海洋溢油事件时有发生,探索基于铅同位素特征信息为指标的溢油鉴别技术,在海上溢油鉴别中有着十分重要的意义.本文利用极性较强的二氯甲烷溶解原油样品,分散均匀后在浓硝酸-双氧水氧化消解体系下微波消解,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定原油中铅的含量及铅同位素比值(208 pb/206 Pb、208 pb/204 Pb及208 pb/207 Pb),建立了基于铅同位素为特征信息的一种新的油源鉴别辅助技术.实验优化了ICP-MS工作参数,并利用铅标准溶液对同位素积分时间进行优化,提高同位素测定的精密度.结果表明,原油中铅元素测定方法的准确度较高,不确定度＜5％,重现性较好,相对标准偏差小于2％(n=3).该方法应用于测定渤海、南海及国外不同来源的原油样品,分析结果显示不同地区原油中铅元素含量的差异性较大,浓度范围为37.99 ～ 1213.00 μg/kg.考察了铅同位素比值信息,以208 pb/207 Pb与208 pb/206 Pb为变量,能够对不同区域原油样品进行分类,我国南海原油样品与其他油源的原油样品差异性明显.本文建立的油源鉴别技术能为油源的初步筛选提供一定的辅助作用.     

Cruziana semiplicata from the Furongian (Late Cambrian) of Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago,Arctic Russia,with a review of the spatial and temporal distribution of this ichnospecies

The Furongian (Late Cambrian) Kurchavinskaya Formation of October Revolution Island, Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, Arctic Russia , contains two distinctive morphotypes of the trace fossil Cruziana, both of which we assign to Cruziana semiplicata. A wider form shows characteristics typical of this ichnospecies with inner and outer lobes and marginal ridges. A narrow form has only an inner lobe with siculate, often interfering scratch‐marks, and rare, narrow marginal ridges. This narrow form, which shows characters in common with Cruziana tortworthi, probably represents burrowing in a strongly head‐down orientation. The record from October Revolution Island provides additional evidence that the palaeogeographical distribution of Cruziana semiplicata is not restricted to Gondwana, but also extend to parts of Baltica and North Kara. Cruziana semiplicata is known from the Furongian and Tremadocian of Gondwana, whereas on Baltica it is known only from the Furongian. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Organic Matter Sources Supporting Lower Food Web Production in the Tidal Freshwater Portion of the York River Estuary, Virginia

The Mattaponi River is part of the York River estuary in Chesapeake Bay. Our objective was to identify the organic matter (OM) sources fueling the lower food web in the tidal freshwater and oligohaline portions of the Mattaponi using the stable isotopes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Over 3 years (2002–2004), we measured zooplankton densities and C and N stable isotope ratios during the spring zooplankton bloom. The river was characterized by a May–June zooplankton bloom numerically dominated by the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis and cladocera Bosmina freyi. Cluster analysis of the stable isotope data identified four distinct signatures within the lower food web: freshwater riverine, brackish water, benthic, and terrestrial. The stable isotope signatures of pelagic zooplankton, including E. affinis and B. freyi, were consistent with reliance on a mix of autochthonous and allochthonous OM, including OM derived from vascular plants and humic-rich sediments, whereas macroinvertebrates consistently utilized allochthonous OM. Based on a dual-isotope mixing model, reliance on autochthonous OM by pelagic zooplankton ranged from 20% to 95% of production, declining exponentially with increasing river discharge. The results imply that discharge plays an important role in regulating the energy sources utilized by pelagic zooplankton in the upper estuary. We hypothesize that this is so because during high discharge, particulate organic C loading to the upper estuary increased and phytoplankton biomass decreased, thereby decreasing phytoplankton availability to the food web.     

扫描电镜分析在大气颗粒物源解析中的应用

扫描电镜法作为大气颗粒物源解析的辅助方法,为源解析研究提供了定性和半定量的依据。运用扫描电镜法对吉林市采暖期和非采暖期的大气颗粒物样品以及源样品进行定性和半定量分析,将分析结果与CMB8.2化学质量平衡受体模型源解析结果进行比较,两者具有一致性。吉林市采暖期对TSP贡献较大的是扬尘和土壤风沙尘,非采暖期对TSP贡献较大的是土壤风沙尘和建筑尘。     

冰雪溶融的同位素效应及氘过量参数演化--以四川稻城水体同位素为例

水体同位素组成的变化实际上是依存于环境变化的一种综合性反应.不同季节高原高山冰雪的溶融,可以明显地影响地表径流和浅层地下水的同位素组成及氘过量参数的变化.了解这一特有的自然背景所引起的同位素分馏现象,探索其形成过程及演化机理,对于评价一个地区环境、气候及水资源的关系,其重要性是不言而喻的.本文以四川稻城地表径流和温泉水的同位素组成为例,主要介绍了不同季节高原高山冰雪溶融背景条件下地表径流和温泉水同位素组成及氘过量参数变化规律,结合当地的自然背景及气候条件,着重分析讨论了冰雪溶融过程中的同位素效应及氘过量参数演化过程及原因.     

青藏高原东北部湟水流域新近纪风尘堆积源区分析

对青藏高原东北部湟水流域河流阶地上的中新世厚层风成堆积与黄土高原中部新近纪红黏土堆积的地球化学元素和磁性矿物特征进行了对比分析,结果表明,湟水流域中新世风尘堆积物与黄土高原风尘堆积物的源区存在差异。位于高原季风与东亚季风交汇区的湟水流域风尘堆积物可能有一部分来源于青藏高原中-西部干旱地区的风化细粒物质。因此,中中新世以来湟水流域风尘堆积物的存在可能表明了青藏高原中西部在那时已经较为干旱。